than for-profit hospitals to provide psychiatric inpatient
and outpatient care, alcoholism inpatient treatment, AIDS
services, crisis prevention, and psychiatric emergency care.
34conclusion
Notes
1. American Hospital Associa- tion Survey Database, FY2005. Data analysis conducted by NAPH, exam- ining hospitals in the 15 most popu- lated cities in the United States.
2. Nelson C, Lurie, N, Wasserman J, Zakowski S. “Conceptualizing and Defining Public Health Emergen- cy Preparedness.” American Journal of Public Health. Vol 97, No. Sup- plement 1. April 2007. Available at www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/97/ Supplement_1/S9. Last accessed March 31, 2008.
3. American Hospital Association Survey Database, FY 2005. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. www.uwmedicine.org/Facilities/ Harborview/CentersOfEmphasis/ Burn/Support+the+Burn+Center. htm. Last accessed 10/31/2007.
7. National Public Health and Hos- pital Institute: Role of the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator Survey. 8. Designated Coordinators Boost Pre- paredness Efforts in Safety Net Hospi- tals: Research Brief October 2007 National Association of Public Hos- pitals and Health Systems.
9. Hospital Preparedness for Safety Net Hospitals: Hospital Incident Command System. Presentation to the National Association of Public Hospitals 2007 Annual Conference. Stephen V. Cantrill, MD Principle Investigator and Director, BNICE MWD Train- ing Center.
10. Ibid.
11. Hospital Incident Command System www.bioprepare.org/ Resources/HICS-JAS-Forms.htm. Last accessed October 16, 2007.
12. Hospital Preparedness for Safety Net Hospitals: Hospital Incident Com- mand System. National Association of Public Hospitals 2007 Annual Con- ference. Stephen V. Cantrill, MD Principle Investigator and Director BNICE MWD Training Center.
13. National Incident Management System www.fema.gov/emergency/ nims/index.shtm. Last accessed October 16, 2007.
14. Ibid.
15. www.ready.gov/business/talk/ crisisplan.html. Last accessed October 17, 2007.
16. Hospital Safety Center. www.hcpro.com/ppv-74955.html. Last accessed October 23, 2007.
17. America’s Public Hospitals and Health Systems, 2004: Results from the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey. National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems.
18. Telephone interview with Ron Crane, EP Coordinator at University of Arkansas. Conducted October 23, 2007. Performed by Molly Singer.
19. Development of Models for Emergency Preparedness: Personal Protective Equipment, Decontami- nation, Isolation/Quarantine, and Laboratory Capacity. www.ahrq. gov/research/devmodels/devmodel3. htm. Last accessed October 23, 2007.
20. Steven Reinberg. “Many Health Care Workers Won’t Show Up in Flu Pandemic: Poll results a ‘wake-up call’ for better preparedness training, experts say.” Health Day News. www.healthfinder.gov/news/ printnewsstory.asp?docID=532153, Last accessed October 25, 2007.
21. Hsu, Edbert, Thomas, Tamara L, Whyne, Dianne, Kelen, Garbor D, Green, Gary B. “Healthcare Work- er Competencies for Disaster Train- ing.” BMC Medical Education. Vol. 6: 2006.
22. America’s Public Hospitals and Health Systems, 2004: Results from the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey. National Association of Pub- lic Hospitals and Health Systems.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Metropolitan Medical Response System www.fema.gov/mmrs/. Last accessed July 23, 2007.
26. Bioterrorism and Health System Preparedness, Issue Brief No. 3: “Optimizing Surge Capacity: Hospi- tal Assessment and Planning.” www. ahrq.gov/new/ulp/btbriefs/btbrief3. htm, Last accessed October 25, 2007.
27. NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey, 2005.
28. Ibid.
29. America’s Public Hospitals and Health Systems, 2004: Results from the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey. National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems.
30. Ibid.
31. PrepareNow.org. www. preparenow.org/purpose.html. Last accessed October 30, 2007.
32. America’s Public Hospitals and Health Systems, 2004: Results from the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey. National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems.
33. Greater New York Hospital Association. www.gnyha.org/233/ Default.aspx. Last accessed October 30, 2007.
34. The Commonwealth Fund. (1999). Safety Net Hospitals: Essential Providers of Public Health and Specialty Services. Georgetown University: Darrel J. Gaskin.
35. NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey, 2005, and the American Hospital Association Survey Database, FY 2005.
methodology
In Fall 2005, NPHHI conducted an exploratory survey of emergency pre- paredness activities at NAPH member hospitals. The results of this preliminary study, released in September 2006, cre- ated a greater demand for information and knowledge-sharing among mem- bers. A second phase of the study began in Fall 2006. NPHHI staff, with input from NAPH members, created a survey instrument containing 16 sections and 152 questions. NPHHI used this tool to conduct one-to-three-hour-long tele- phone interviews with 60 NAPH mem- bers from December 2006 to April 2007.
The entire NAPH membership is comprised of approximately 144 safety net hospitals and 111 acute care facilities. Responses were solicited from all NAPH members. Of all the hospitals surveyed, 57 respondents were acute care facili- ties. (Thus, it had a response rate of 51 percent for acute care facilities and 42 percent for the entire NAPH member- ship.) T-tests were performed to deter-
mine whether the sample of 60 hospi- tals shared the same characteristics as the entire NAPH population in regard to size and emergency department activity. NAPH hospital characteristics data was used to compare mean staffed bed size and mean number of emergency depart- ment discharges between the NAPH membership and the hospitals complet- ing the NPHHI study. Indeed, with 95 percent confidence, NPHHI’s analysis found that the mean staffed bed size and mean number of emergency department discharges of the NAPH membership is the same as the mean staffed bed size and mean number of emergency department discharges of the sampled hospitals.
Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 14.0, and all data was reported in the aggregate. Data reflects NAPH member hospitals only; none of the data is compared to non-NAPH hos- pitals because there is no other available data source on emergency preparedness of hospitals nationally.