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Table 4: List of springs In the study area showing their location and local government

area of origin

Code Name of spring Location of spring ^Local Government

Table 4: Lls1 of springs In the study area showing their location and local government area of origin

Code Name of spring Location of spring Local Government ₁ SP1 Onipasin Near Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro

SP2 Odo-Akeu Oke-Affa

SP3 Oleyo Oke-Dada, close to Christ's church, Mapo SP4 Odo-lye Behind Islamic Pnmary School, Yemetu SPS Agbadagbudu Yemetu, near old Ptieoyo Hosprtal SPS Fayapon/Yekere Oke-Aremo

SP7 Ogidi Opposite Yejide Girls Grammar school. YeJide, SPS Rogan Molete.

SP9 Alagbafo Opposite UCH, near Omolewa Nursery/Primary SP10 Odo-lrorun School

SP11 Abe-step Near D castle inn

SP12 Odo-lbule Near sharp comer, Oke-Bola SP13 Oke-Babadada lsale-Bembo

SP14 Th ⁱ rty-thirty lsale-Bembo

SP15 Ologbojo lsopako area, EleYNra Source: Adomola, (1995)

3.2.1 Description of sampling ^areas (spring locations)

Area

lbadan (IBNE) IBNE lbadan {IBSE)

lbadan North lbadan North lbadan North lbadan

(IBSW)

lbadan North lbadan North lbadan

(IBSW) lbadan

A description of the spnng water sources in the sludy area Is presented in Figure 5, Which depicts a map of the study area detailing the tocatlon of the springs and the nature of the Springs, Whether serving as source of dnnklng water supply or not The locations of these

Sfllln,,s _.. � n e stu _{I th d} y area are s". n111ad over the designated Inner core, ^¥ trans11ory _and

llerf Pheral areas of lbadan,

The springs ere situated within densely developed and most olten, unplanned residon bal able road Access lo lhe spnngs In such

Northeast Soulheast

Southwest

Southwest Northwest

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cases from the main road is through footpaths created in-between residential buildings.

People obtain their domestic water supply directly by scooping water from the pools fanned by the springs and in some cases where the springs are partially or fully protected, draw containers are employed to collect water and in a few cases pipes have been connected through which water is collected.

The majority of people In the areas where these springs are located engage ln petty trading and small-scale business. There are few people who are successful enlrepreneurs, while others are public servants. Majority of the people who use these springs especially women are poor because of their low income derivable from petty lradlng. In most cases, majority of the women are not employed al all, because they are generally saddled with the responsibility of bringing up their children.

A large proportion of the people residing in and around the spring sources depend on them for their water supplies. An estimate of the actual figure of users of these springs compared With lhe population of the study area could not be arrived at. However, most users of these SPMgs are women and children. whose ages range between 7 - 16 years. The social

environment of the spring Iocatian Indicates that most of them have educational, commercial and health facilities situated aroond them MaJonty or the residents do not have sepbc lanks and Pit lalrioes in their houses; hence u,ey dump their wastes In nearby streams, nvers end oi>eo ^Sl)aees around bulldings. These preval.ing cond1tio11s have adverse effects on Iha

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quality slatus of these water sources due lo infiltration and migration or leacheates through the soil into groundwater bodies.

3,3 Sample collection

A purposive (convenient) sampflng technique was employed in collecting samples from these springs. This was to establish the baseline quality status of all the thirteen (13) identified springs serving as sources or domestic water supply In the enbre study area (Figure 5). Samples were collected from all the springs. Replicate samples were collected at each period of sampling. Two (2)-sampling periods were Involved In this study, and the

sampling was carried out to reflect the prevailing seasons (rainy & dry seasons).

Water samples were collected according to recommended standard methods described by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998). Polyethylene bottles of one (1) filre capacity were used to collect all samples. These bottles were previously washed with detergent and nnsed with de-ionised water. This process was to remove ^trace metals from the COnlalner walls, and 10 prevent and minimise contamination of the collected water samples by the container. Three (3) polyethylene botUes were used simultaneously for each sample colleclJOn, one for physJco-Ghemlcal parameter analysis and a second one for ana�sis or heavy metals. The third container, a pre-slenlised one, was used lor the eollecllon of bactorlologlcal samples. The spnng samples were collecled, by submerg,ng lhe C-Onta,ne111o fill in tho water body,

I !

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quality slatus of these water sources due to infiltration and migration or leacheates through the soil into groundwater bodies.

3.3 Sample collection

A purposive (convenient) sampling lechnique was employed in collecting samples from lhese springs. This was to eslablish the baseline quality status or all the thirteen (13) identified springs serving as sources or domestic waler supply in the entire study area (Figure 5). Samples were collecled from all the springs. Replicate samples were collected al each period ol sampling. Two (2)-sampllng periods were involved In this study, and the sampling was carried out to reflect the prevailing seasons (rainy & dry seasons).

Water samples were collected according to recommended standard methods described by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998). Polyethylene bolt/es of one (1) l1lre capacity were used to collect all samples. These bottles were previously washed With detergent and rinsed with de-ionised water. This process was ^lo remove trace metals from the container walls, and ¹⁰ prevent and minimise conlamlnabon ol lhe collected water samples by the container Three (3) potyelhylene botUes were used simultaneously for each

samp1e collecllon, one for physico-chemlcal parameter analysis and a second one for ana1ysfs or heavy metals The third container, a pre-sterilised one, was used for the r.ol!ecUon of bacteriological samples The spnng samples wera conected, by submerging the tonta111ers to 611 in the water body,

, i

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