GENERALIDADES DE LOS MÉTODOS Y TÉCNICAS DE LOS ENSAYOS NO

1. - "Raindrops" is often seen in a wet roof water droplets are formed which eventually break off and fall to the ground. Determine, experimentally and theoretically the dimensions and characteristics with drops of water immediately before falling. What holds the drop before falling?

2. - "How long a battery." Many battery-powered household items. You often hear that the batteries were discharged. Investigate how vary, depending on the usage time, the potential difference and current supplied by a battery. Design and conduct appropriate experiments to test his claims (limit your experiments to A or AA batteries).

3. - "Many photons." Albert Einstein conceived the idea of considering the light as consisting of "photons". Find out how many photons per second standard bulb emits 100 watts of power. Clearly state the assumptions on which it is based to calculate your answer.

4. - "A new orbit." Find the path to change the orbit of a satellite from one circle to another with minimal energy expenditure.

5. - "Prisma in balance." Study the equilibrium conditions on the water surface of a prism of wood density 0.5 g / cm 3, the cross section is an equilateral triangle knowing that their length is greater than the side the base of the triangle. Build the prism indicated experimental and test accordingly.

6. - "Sunrise and sunset" Some authors claim that 20 minutes later that "indeed" the sun has set on the horizon we can still receive sunlight. Show the truth or falsity of this statement. If this were true it should not happen we start seeing "leaving" the sun 20 minutes before sunrise the place?

7. "The proper angle." An old game of throwing a stone on the surface of a lake or river not turbulent, so that the stone made several rebounds before finally plunging into the water. Examine how depends on the number of rebounds in terms of launch angle and speed, weight or shape of the stone. Determine under what conditions a stone ball can bounce. Is there a limit on the number of boards that can "optimal" stone?

8. "Like in the movies." In some cowboy movies shows that the wheels turn in the opposite direction to that actually do, ie, the car moves to the right but it is observed that the radii of the rotating wheels counter- clockwise.How do you explain this paradox? Confirm your explanation with a similar experiment.

9. - "Delicate walls." Ingéniese a method for measuring the thickness of the walls of a soap bubble and take it to the practice.

PHYSICAL IX FUTURE TOURNAMENT 2001

1. - "Aircraft Constructor" With a sheet of legal size paper builds a plane. Win which: a. make it fly farther,

b. do fly for longer, and

c. explain how and why these records were achieved.

2. - "Sinking and jump". A tennis ball or similar is kept submerged in a pool. After releasing jump out of the water. Determine the height jumped out of the water in terms of the initial conditions (depth and other parameters).To simplify the calculations can replace the tennis ball on a wooden bucket. Ignore friction. Support your arguments by experiment.

3. - "From snow to snow." Would it be possible from the summit of Nevado del Ruiz see the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta? And from the Serrania de la Macarena to the previous two?

4. - "Hot and Cold." A cup of hot water freezes first a cold water after placing simultaneously in the fridge freezer? Perform the experiment and explain the different circumstances observed.

5. - "Layer upon layer." When your signature stamp on a piece of paper with a No. 2 pencil you make a small layer of graphite. Calculate the number of atoms that has the height of that layer.

6. - "To get clean" Suppose your bike does not have fenders. What is the maximum speed at which you can move through a wet highway that is not wet ... the back of the body?

7. "Eagle Eye." Einstein postulated that light consists of photons. Can the human eye to "see" a single photon? 8. "Unity is strength". A single strand of yarn breaks easily pulling end. Two, too ... But three previously gimped ... and four? Does it grow the force to break the strings with the number of them? Remember gimped yarn threads.

1. - "Smoking is not good but ...". Determine experimentally and theoretically the temperature from the lit end of a cigarette. Note that there is great variation between the instant of breathing smoke and the normal state.

2. - "Dinosaurs in extinction." Anachronistic and ill-mannered citizen smokes a cigarette in a room 4 mx 5 m by 3 m high where there are 20 people. How many molecules of smoke and ash how many enter each attendee lungs?

3. - "Good winds." What are the ranges of wind speeds that occur on Earth? It is known that not only on Earth but also in some other solar system planets there winds. What are the wind speeds on the different planets in our solar system? What is the speed of sound on these planets?

4. - "... When it dawns." Since when the day is 24 hours? It also should be investigated since when man divided the hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds. Where, when and how the man knew that the earth takes about 360 days for a spin around the sun?

5. - "Fattening or thinning." Does the earth mass remains constant or increases or decreases the contrast in significant quantities? Describe what could happen in either case.

6. - "Warming up the ice." On a table are taken at room temperature, a bowl of water and a large plate empty. The fridge freezer will draw two ice cubes equal, one is placed on the plate and the other in the water container. Which of the cubes will melt first? Explain what happened using the appropriate physical principles. 7. "Indurain do not know." May ride a bike without taking the handlebars. Describe how this is possible. In particular, explain how to proceed to describe an "S" on flat land. There is sufficient qualitative description.Quantitatively substantiate their explanations.

8. "Astronomers in action." How are the distances between stars and the distance of the star to the Earth? In particular, how the distances were determined Earth - Sun, Earth - Moon, and the diameters of the Moon and the Earth?

9. "Water world." In the competitions of "diving" is used springboard for the athlete. What is the reason for using this device? What features should have a good trampoline?

10. "Ptolemy or Copernicus?".? Definitely still and the sun is just the solar system revolves around him? PHYSICAL X FUTURE TOURNAMENT 2003

1 - Electron Marathon. Actuating the switch that turns the bulb of a lounge shows that almost instantly begins to illuminate the bulb, which means that there are electrons flowing through its filament. How fast electrons move once you flip the switch? How long did the electrons that were in the terminals of the switch to get to

the bulb?

2 - Hole or hole and what will be the minimum size (volume) of a black hole? In these conditions, how much is the gravitational acceleration on its surface? What is the escape velocity from it? Escape velocity is the speed that an object must be to never again fall on the surface of the celestial body that launched 3 - Experimental and theoretical. Usually happens that the smallest angle of inclination of an inclined plane, a cylindrical rough wheel on it. But if placed together two such cylinders in the way suggested in the figure, the case that the angle of inclination of the plane to be increased without sliding cylinders. Explain why this happens and to determine the relationship between the physical variables involved in this. Determine the maximum angle that can take the plane to the cylinders do not move. From the experiment to determine the

4 - Examination for myopic and presbyopic premature. On a white card two circles are painted black radio 1 cm each, so that their centers are far 2cm. Experimentally determining the maximum distance at which the normal human eye individually distinguishes the two circumferences. Explain the observed physical and physiologically.

5 - Go back and play. What is the maximum speed that a football player can print to the ball? An interesting way to find out is to experimentally determine the average speed of the soccer ball in different shots on goal. This can be examined videos of these exciting plays to "measure" the distance traveled and the time used

to calculate the average speed.

6 - high and long jump. Knowing the temperature of the solar surface can determine the average speed of the molecules of the bark of the sun. These speeds are enormous. Why these molecules do not escape the sun?That is, since the molecules that make up the Sun collide violently with each other how can the sun not

only does not disintegrate but also retains its spherical shape?

7 - up and down. Often heard saying that lightning "falls" from the clouds toward Earth. Do you have full regard this statement? You actually raise or lower the beam? Browse from qualitative insights but physically

very accurate, the conditions of production of the rays and their characteristics.

8 - Strong and weak. A Flea, a Man and a jump Elephant virtually the same distance. Will this fact some explanation from the physical point of view? Can it be said that the flea is physically very powerful because it can jump almost a thousand times its own height, while the elephant is a "chicken" because it is not able to

jump, but the fourth of his height?

9 - Hoop dancer. Investigate, describe and explain the motion of a ring to descend vertically placed cylindrical rod. If the cylindrical rod moves with a certain speed above the rotating ring remaining at a constant

height.Investigate and explain this mechanism.

10 - One on one. Currently is often the foil. If the paper was in fact how many aluminum atoms only fit in the thickness of the leaf? PHYSICAL FUTURE TOURNAMENT XII 2004

1 - In April thousands of water. Determine the speed of raindrops falling on the floor on a rainy day. What

the next rain this speed will be different?

2 - Water not drink ... Put the stove a pot lid as shown in the figure, nearly full of water and wait until it boils. Determine the speed of the water vapor out of the mouth of the teapot. Describe the method used in the measurement. Does it change the speed by decreasing the amount of water remaining in the pot? Explain. 3 - Heat with color. Turning on a light bulb filament gets its glow. Determine the

temperature of the filament of a tungsten bulb 100 W power line connected to the house at 110 V. Also determine the temperature of the space between the filament and glass bulb. Determine the temperature of the glass bulb. What raises the temperature of the glass of the bulb? Determine the temperature finally a room of 50 m 3 "completely isolated" and illuminated by the bulb. 4 -! Blows and fly! Figure crudely tries to show a seed produced by the famous flower

"Dandelion" (Taraxacum officinale). Each seed consists of the seed itself and lots of very thin filaments that serve as a parachute. After observing and describing several flights of these seeds make a study of their movement from the point of view of physics. Under what conditions seeds rise, or fall, what acceleration do, forces acting on them, push paper, its origin and its relation to

the weight of the seed, etc.

long iron block to this radiation reach what temperature? Determine the intensity of solar radiation and temperature on Saturn will reach beyond that same iron block.

6 - Stargazers lunatics. Suppose we set up a base on the moon astronomical observation and we have the task of describing the rise and the sunset What similarities and differences do you observe about the release and setting of the sun as seen from the Earth? Every day we see the moon rise and set but altered by successive transformations because phases. ? "Day by Day" from the moon as we see the Earth? Do they depend these observations of our location on the lunar surface? 7 - Improvising gravities. If from our land area launched a ball

vertically upward with a speed of 10 m / s, after approximately two seconds back in our hands. If now we are located in space far from any star, inside a cylindrical vessel of 10 m radius rotating uniformly with a period of 6.28 s (= 2pi s) and being in the "floor" launched vertically upwards same field with a speed of 10 m / s, how much time after our hands again? What "high" enough? Fully describe the "pseudo gravitational field" that is experienced within the ship and

the motion of the sphere.

8 - Is it that they lack money? Currently needed in any school or a voltmeter and an ammeter. But in 1826 when George Simon Ohm enunciated his famous law had none of these instruments. Verify, using only instruments that could have used Ohm, Ohm's law.

1st Secondary

Notes: Read the review and consultation if you have questions.

DO NOT put your personal data or the question paper or leaves your solutions!, We will give you a form for that.

The conceptual part is worth 40% and 60% practical part. Have a time of 2 hours.

Conceptual part

1) Suggests a way to measure:

a. the thickness of a sheet of paper

b. the thickness of the film of a soap bubble

c. the diameter of an atom

2) Suggests a way to measure:

a. Earth radius

b. the distance between the Sun and Earth

c. the radius of the Sun

3) Can be measured along the length of a curved line?If possible how would?

4) What are the prefixes you know who symbolizes each? Practical part

1) The astronomical distances are so great, compared to land to be used much greater length

units to more easily understand the relative distances between astronomical

objects.An astronomical unit (AU) is equal to the average distance from the Earth to the Sun,

ie around

. A parsec is the distance at