GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS

13 _{A. Qureshi, ‘Cage Interview: Muthana Brothers more questions than answers’,}

Cage Prisoners, 25th June 2014, http://www.cageuk.org/article/cage-interview- muthana-brothers-more-questions-answers, (accessed 7th November 2014)

After July 2005, recruitment to the fundamentalist movement would no longer go unchallenged in the public and semi-private domain. Consequently, ideologues increasingly relied on closed spaces such as domestic homes and bookshops to radicalise fellow Muslims and convince them to join the struggle. The most notable case to shed light on closed-door radicalisation concerns Manchester based fundamentalist Munir Farooqi. Born in Pakistan but raised in the UK from the age of five, the veteran jihadist featured heavily in the fundamentalist movement from the mid1990s. Inspired by the sacrifice of his fellow Muslims on 9/11, Farooqi travelled to Afghanistan in order to re-establish contact with Taliban fighters. Prosecutors allege the intention of his visit was to set up a network through which he would supply finance, equipment, and eventually volunteers for jihad. Investigated by police and the security services, Farooqi eventually stood trial for his activities and is now serving four life sentences.14

In contrast with other fundamentalists returning to the UK from fighting in Afghanistan, the security services failed to place Farooqi under any kind of control order restricting his movements. This meant he was free to carry out recruitment and raise finance on behalf of the Taleban for up to seven years before police finally arrested him in November 2007.15 Undercover officers who infiltrated his network discovered evidence of ‘radicalisation ceremonies’ taking place within the basement of his home in Manchester.16 Prosecutors alleged that over a period of several years, Farooqi had recruited young British Muslims to fight, kill and die in either Afghanistan or Pakistan by persuading them it was their Islamic duty to do so.17 Following a successful conviction, Police sought to confiscate the Farooqi family

14 _{J. Narain, ‘Jailed: Muslim extremists who used Manchester market stall as front to} persuade men to head out to Afghanistan and kill British troops’, Daily Mail Online, 7th November 2011, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2035578/Munir- Farooqi-trial-Muslim-extremist-jailed-using-market-stall-recruitment-

centre.html#ixzz3IOAJ27CV, (accessed 7th November 2014)

15 _{Staff Reporter, ‘Munir Farooqi given four life sentences for terror charges’, BBC}

News Online, 9th September 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england- manchester-14851811, (accessed 7th November 2014)

16 _{J. Narain, ‘Family of Al Qaeda terrorist set to be evicted from the home they own} because he used it as a base to recruit jihadists’, Daily Mail Online, 7th November 2011, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2058551/Al-Qaeda-terrorist-Munir- Farooqis-family-evicted-home.html#ixzz2t75Qxu24, (accessed 7th November 2014) 17 _{Anonymous, ‘Case File: Munir Farooqi’, Cage Prisoners, Undated,}

home on the grounds it had served as a secret Al-Qaeda recruiting school. Appeal judges later rescinded the confiscation order allowing family members to remain in the property.

Private home based recruitment and radicalisation also feature heavily in the case of fundamentalist, Mohammed Hamid. In February 2008, jurors convicted the fifty-one year-old of soliciting murder and facilitating terrorism training to British Muslim jihadists. Police secretly recorded Hamid telling recruits about his connections to insurgents in Afghanistan, a network that allowed him to facilitate the pursuit of jihad against coalition forces. Hamid first became involved in the fundamentalist movement around 2004 in relation to the controversy surrounding Finsbury Park mosque and its outspoken Imam, self-proclaimed Sheikh Abu Hamza Al-Masri. Acting as mediator between trustees of the Mosque and members of the fundamentalist movement, Hamid helped negotiate an end to the standoff in which Al-Masri had sought to take control. Impressed by the religious and political ideology promoted by Al-Masri, Hamid quickly developed what became a long-term relationship with the movement, in particular Al-Masri’s close associate, Atilla Ahmet.18

Serving as an important member of the fundamentalist movement, Hamid began inviting fellow members to his home in East London.19 Discussions centred on the political narratives, which collectively define the movements underlying ideology. In particular, Hamid constantly reminded members of their divine obligation to pursue and support jihad. Prosecutors argued that Hamid used these gatherings to radicalise impressionable young men, a process they claim had deeply intensified shortly after the July 2005 suicide bombings.20 This proposition holds weight given that in addition to the failed 21st of July London bombers, the killer of soldier Lee Rigby, Michael

18 _{O. Bowcott, ‘Profiles: Mohammed Hamid and his followers’, The Guardian}

Online, 26th February 2008,

http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/26/uksecurity.july7, (accessed 7th November 2014)

19 _{K. Sengupta, ‘Jailed preacher, Mohammed Hamid, who trained 21/7 bombers} ‘linked’ to Woolwich attack suspect, Michael Adebolajo’, The Independent Online, 31st May 2013, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/jailed-preacher- mohammed-hamid-who-trained-217-bombers-linked-to-woolwich-attack-suspect- michael-adebolajo-8638590.html, (accessed 7th November 2014)

20 _{D. Casciani, ‘Top extremist recruiter is jailed’, BBC News Online, 26}th _February 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7256859.stm, (accessed 7th November 2014)

Adebelajo, also attended these meetings until they came to an abrupt end in 2009. Within weeks of Hamid’s arrest, police stopped Adebelajo in Kenya on route to Somalia where he planned to join the proscribed Islamic insurgent group Al-Shabaab. Overwhelming evidence from an undercover police officer codenamed Dawood (who infiltrated the group and covertly recording Hamid at his home encouraging young Muslims to pursue jihad) resulted in a guilty verdict and subsequent life sentence. 21

Children are at risk of being radicalised and encouraged into fundamentalism while still resident in the family home. In 2014, a mother asked a high judge to investigate their child’s father accused of negatively influencing his two teenage sons by encouraging them to adopt ‘radical fundamentalist thoughts that are associated with terrorism’. 22 Barristers told court that their father, a Libyan national and Islamic fundamentalist, radicalised his children to the extent that both openly expressed a desire to pursue jihad as soon as they had reach sufficient age to do so. In the majority of cases, parents do not share such aspirations for their children.