Grupos vulnerables:

3.8.2. BOTANICAL ASPECT

Taxonomical classification

Kingdom : Plantae

Sub kingdom : Tracheobionta Division : Magnoliaphyta Class : Magnoliopsida Sub class : Rosidae Order : Sapindales Family : Rutaceae Genus : Aegle Species : Marmelos Habitat

Aegle marmelos is a deciduous shrub or small to medium sized tree, upto 13m tall with slender drooping branches and rather shappy crown. Is native across the indian subconfinent and southeast asia and is cultivated throughout srilanka.

Description

Macroscopic characters

Leaves : Are alternate, pale green, trifoliate, terminal leaflet. 15.7cm long, 2.8cm broad, having a long petiole.

Flowers

Greenish white, sweetly scented, bisexual, actinomorphic, stalk 8mm long Fruit

Yellowish green, with small dots on the outer surface, oblong to globose, 5.3cm to 7.2cm in diameter weight 77.2gm; yellow & mucilaginous.

Microscopic characters

Presence of characteristic stone cells, compact parenchyma cells and oil globules phloem cells were characteristically dark pinkish colour, radially flattened cork cells. Presence of brownish granules, laticiferous ducts were unique.

Chemical constituents: Phytochemicals Bael tree contains,

- _{Furocoumarins,} - Xanthotoxol

- _Flavonoids

- _{Rutin and marmesin}

- Aegeline is a constituent that can be extracted from bael leaves. - _{Agelin, marmeline, aegelenine present}

- _{Aegle marmelosine.}

- _{Methyl ester of alloimperatorin} - _{A number of essential oil} - _{a fargarine}

- _{O-methylhafordinol}

- _{Luvangetin, aurapten, Marmelide and tannin} Therapeutic uses

- Bael fruits are used in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea, dysentry and peptic ulcers.

- It is gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative.

- Dry powder of this fruit with mustard oil for the treatment of burns.

- Fruits are also used in gastric troubles, tonic, digestive, cardiac tonic, antiviral, gonorrhea, epilepsy.

3.8.3. LATERAL RESEARCH:

Studies on the antidiarrhoeal activity of Aegle marmelos unripe fruit:Validating its traditional usage

Abstract

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine due to its various medicinal properties. However, despite its traditional usage as an antidiarrhoeal there is limited information regarding its mode of action in infectious forms of diarrhoea. Hence, we evaluated the hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried unripe fruit pulp of A. marmelos for its antimicrobial activity and effect on various aspects of pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea. Methods: The decoction was assessed for its antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activities. The effect of the decoction on adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella flexneri to HEp-2 cells were assessed as a measure of its effect on colonization. The effect of the decoction on production of E. coli heat labile toxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) and their binding to ganglioside monosialic acid receptor (GM1) were assessed by GM1- enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay whereas its effect on production and action of E. coli heat stable toxin (ST) was assessed by suckling mouse assay.

Results: The decoction showed cidal activity against Giardia and rotavirus whereas viability of none of the six bacterial strains tested was affected. It significantly reduced bacterial adherence to and invasion of HEp-2 cells. The extract also affected production of CT and binding of both LT and CT to GM1. However, it had no effect on ST. Conclusion: The decoction of the unripe fruit pulp of A. marmelos, despite having limited antimicrobial activity, affected the bacterial colonization to gut epithelium and production and action of certain enterotoxins. These observations suggest the varied possible modes of action of A. marmelos in infectious forms of diarrhoea thereby validating its mention in the ancient Indian texts and continued use by local communities for the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases.

3.9. DATURA METEL – Dlk<jkDlk<jkDlk<jkDlk<jk!!!!

3.9.1. GUNAPADAM ASPECT

English : Dhatura (White flowering) Thorn –apple Tel : Ummeth-tha

Sans : Datura, unmattha Mal : Ummath-tham Hind : Dhatura Kan : Ummatte-gida Part used

Leaf, flower, unriped fruit, Seed Organoleptic character

Taste (Suvai) : Bitter (Kaippu) Potency (Thanmai) : Hot (Veppam) Biotransformation (Pirivu) : Pungent (Karppu) Actions Emetic (Vaanthiundakki) Antispasmodic (Isivagattri) Anodyne (Thuyaradakki) Narcotic (Moorchaiundakki) General properties fib<g<gcbiz<!uf<K!fzqosb<!uqv{Ll<Ohil<! ! uib<Gpqh<H{<!gm<cgT!liXr<gi{<!.!kQg<G{k<jks<! ! Oslk<kqz<!juk<kqzqmf<!kQVLk<Oki!mr<gtXl<! ! Dlk<jk!bqe<G{k<jk!Be<E/! !! ! ! ! .!G{himl<!&zqjg!uGh<H!

 Dried leaf powder of dhatura, 32-100mg given internally for bronchial asthma  Fumigation produced with dhatura leaf act as expectorant and also releives

breathing difficulty.

 1-3 drops of dhatura leaf juice is given with jaggery for dog’s bite.  1-2 drops of dhatura leaf juice is used as ear drops for earache.

OOMATTHAI IN OTHER MEDICINES 1. MATHAKAJA KANDEERAVAM

Indication : Diarrhoea

Dosage : Milagalavu (56mg)

- Siddha Vaithiya Thirattu, P.No. 69 2. LAGUVATHA VIDHVAMSA MATHIRAI RASAM

Indication : Kabam, Vadham, Akkinimantham, Soolai, Kirani. - Anubava vaidhiya deva ragasiyam, P.No. 414

TOXIC SYMPTOMS OF OOMATHAI Symptoms :

Dryness of mouth, difficulty in speaking, Dilatation of cutaneous blood vessels, Dilatation of the pupil, Dull vision, Delirium, Drowsiness, Dysphagia.

Fatal Dose: 50 – 75 Seeds Antidote:

• The tuber of Nelumbo nucifera is grounded with fermented rice water and made into paste its given internally.

• Fer emetic effect, indigofera tinctoria bark grounded with fermented rice water made into paste it is given internally. After vomiting, Alangium salvifolium root bark is grounded with lemon juice made into paste taken internally.

DATURA METEL