• No se han encontrado resultados

1.3. Bases teóricas relacionadas a las variables

1.3.2. Habilidades sociales

Year Province Official Post[a],[b] Sentence Charges[c],[d]

2000 Jiangxi Hu, Changqing Vice gov. Death penalty Bribery of RMB 5.44

2000 Zhejiang Xu, Yunhong Vice gov. 10 year imprisonment Power abuse and bribery

2000 Guangxi Cheng, Kejie Gov. Death penalty Bribery of RMB 41

2001 Liaoning Mu, Suixin Vice gov. Death penalty with reprieve Bribery of RMB 6.6 2002 Fujian Shi, Zhaobin Vice sec. 13 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 0.6 2002 Chongqing Qin, Changdian Vice gov. 1 year probation Bribery of $3,000 2002 Guangxi Liu, Zhibing Vice gov. 15 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 0.86 2003 Hebei Cong, Fukui Vice gov. Death penalty with reprieve Bribery of RMB 9.36 2003 Hebei Cheng, Weigao Secretary Disciplined within Party Power abuse

2003 Yunnan Li, Jiating Gov., vice sec. Death penalty with reprieve Bribery of RMB 18

2004 Anhui Wang, Huaizhong Vice gov. Death penalty Bribery of RMB 5.17

2004 Hubei Zhang, Guoguang Gov., vice sec. 11 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 0.57 2004 Guizhou Liu, Fangren Secretary Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 6.77 2004 Guizhou Liu, Changgui Vice gov. 11 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 1.34 2005 Liaoning Liu, Ketian Vice gov. 12 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 1.31

2005 Xinjiang Aman Haji Vice gov. 12 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 8

2006 Shanxi Hou, Wujie Vice sec. 11 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 0.88

2006 Sichuan Li, Dachang Vice gov. 7 year imprisonment Power abuse

2007 Anhui Wang, Zhaoyao Vice sec. Death penalty with reprieve Bribery of RMB 7.04 2007 Anhui He, Minxu Vice gov. Death penalty with reprieve Bribery of RMB 8.41 2007 Guangdong Liu, Weiming Vice gov. Not publically released Power abuse, bribes 2008 Shanghai Chen, Liangyu Secretary 18 year imprisonment Power abuse and bribery 2008 Beijing Liu, Kehua Vice gov. Death penalty with reprieve Bribery of RMB 7

2008 Shandong Du, Shicheng Vice sec. Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 6.26

2009 Guangxi Sun, Yu Vice gov. 18 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 3.28

2011 Ningxia Li, Tangtang Vice gov Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 7

2012 Inn. Mongolia Liu, Zhuozhi Vice gov. Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 8.17 2012 Chongqing Wang, Lijun Vice gov. 15 year imprisonment Bribery of RMB 3.05

2013 Jilin Tian, Xueren Vice gov. Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 19.19

2013 Chongqing Bo, Xilai Secretary Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 21.79

2013 Shandong Huang, Sheng Vice gov. Life imprisonment Bribery of RMB 12.23 Notes: [a] The post that the corrupt official was removed from or had held within three years before sentence;

[b] Secretary and vice secretary stand for the secretary or vice secretary of the provincial committee of the Party, respectively;

[c] For some cases the specific amount of RMB of bribery was not released on public media;

[d] RMB values are in millions

Reference

Aidt, Toke S., 2003. Economic analysis of corruption: a survey. The Economic Journal 113 (491), F632-F652.

Arellano, Manuel, Bond, Stephen, 1991. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies 58 (2), 277-297.

Arellano, Manuel, Bover, Olympia, 1995. Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics 68 (1), 29-51.

Asiedu, Elizabeth, Freeman, James, 2009. The effect of corruption on investment growth:

Evidence from firms in Latin America, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and transition countries. Review of Development Economics 13 (2), 200-214.

Barassi, Marco R., Zhou, Ying, 2012.The effect of corruption on FDI: A parametric and non-parametric analysis. European Journal of Political Economy 28 (3), 302-312.

Becker, Gary S., Stigler, George J., 1974. Law enforcement, malfeasance, and compensation of enforcers. The Journal of Legal Studies 3 (1), 1-18.

Blundell, Richard, Bond, Stephen, 1998. Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics 87 (1), 115-143.

Bond, Stephen, Hoeffler, Anke, Temple, Jonathan, 2001. GMM estimation of empirical growth models. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3048.

Cole, Matthew A., Elliott, Robert Jr., Zhang, Jing, 2009. Corruption, governance and FDI location in China: A province-level analysis. Journal of Development Studies 45 (9), 1494-1512.

Del Monte, Alfredo, Papagni, Erasmo, 2007. The determinants of corruption in Italy: Regional panel data analysis. European Journal of Political Economy 23 (2), 379-396.

Ding, Sai, Knight, John, 2009. Can the augmented Solow model explain China’s remarkable economic growth? A cross-country panel data analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics 37 (3), 432-452.

Di Tella, Rafael, Schargrodsky, Ernesto, 2003. The role of wages and auditing during a crackdown on corruption in the city of Buenos Aires. Journal of Law and Economics 46 (1), 269-292.

Dong, Dong, Chang, Tsan-Kuo, Chen, Dan, 2008. Reporting AIDS and the invisible victims in China: Official knowledge as news in the People's Daily, 1986–2002. Journal of Health

Communication, 13(4), 357-374.

Dong, Bin, Torgler, Benno, 2010. The consequences of corruption: evidences from China, FEEM Working Paper No. 73.

Dong, Bin, Torgler, Benno, 2012. Corruption and social interaction: Evidence from China. Journal of Policy Modeling, 34, 932-947.

Dong, Bin, Torgler, Benno, 2013. Causes of corruption: evidence from China. China Economic Review, 26, 152-169.

Durlauf, Steven, Johnson, Paul, and Temple, Jonathan, 2004. Growth econometrics. In P. Aghion and S. Durlauf (Eds), Handbook of Economic growth. Elsevier.

Edelstein, Alex S., Liu, Alan P.L., 1963. Anti-Americanism in red China's People's Daily: a functional analysis. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 40(2), 187-195.

Egger, Peter, Winner, Hannes, 2005. Evidence on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy 21 (4), 932-952.

Fisman, Raymond, Gatti, Roberta, 2002. Decentralization and corruption: Evidence from U.S.

federal transfer programs. Public Choice 113, 25-35.

Glaeser, Edward L., Saks, Raven E., 2006. Corruption in America. Journal of Public Economics, 90, 1053-1072.

Goldin, Claudia, Glaeser, Edward L., 2006. Corruption and reform: an introduction. In: Goldin, Claudia, Glaeser, Edward (Eds.), Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's Economic History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 3-22.

Goel, Rajeev K., Nelson, Michael A., 1998. Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis. Public Choice, 97, 107-120.

Hao, Chen, 2006. Development of financial intermediation and economic growth: The Chinese experience. China Economic Review 17 (4), 347-362.

Hauk Jr, William R., Wacziarg, Romain, 2009. A Monte Carlo study of growth regressions.

Journal of Economic Growth 14 (2), 103-147.

Huang, Chengju, 2001. China's state-run tabloids: The rise of ‘city newspapers’. International Communication Gazette, 63(5), 435-450.

Huntington, Samuel P., 1968. Political order in changing societies. Yale University Press.

Judson, Ruth A., Owen, Ann L., 1999. Estimating dynamic panel data models: a guide for macroeconomists. Economics Letters 65 (1), 9-15.

Ko, Kilkon, Weng, Cuifen, 2012. Structural changes in Chinese corruption. The China Quarterly 211, 718-740.

Lardy, Nicholas R., 2014. Markets over Mao: the rise of private business in China. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Lee, Chin‐Chuan, 1981. The United States as seen through the People's Daily. Journal of Communication, 31(4), 92-101.

Leff, Nathaniel H., 1964. Economic development through bureaucratic corruption. American Behavioral Scientist 8 (3), 8-14.

Liang, Bin, Lu, Hong, 2013. Discourses of drug problems and drug control in China: Reports in the People’s Daily, 1946–2009. China Information 27(3), 301-326.

Liu, Alan P. L., 1974. Control of public information and its effects on China's foreign affairs.

Asian Survey 14 (10), 936-951.

Luther, Catherine A., Zhou, Xiang, 2005. Within the boundaries of politics: News framing of SARS in China and the United States. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(4), 857-872.

Mankiw, Gregory N, Romer, David, Weil, David N, 1992.A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (2), 407-437.

Mao, Zhifei, 2014. Cosmopolitanism and global risk: News framing of the Asian financial crisis and the European debt crisis. International Journal of Communication, 8, 1029-1049.

Mauro, Paolo, 1995. Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (3), 681-712.

Mo, Pak Hung, 2001. Corruption and economic growth. Journal of Comparative Economics 29 (1), 66-79.

Murphy, Kevin M., Shleifer, Andrei, Vishny, Robert W., 1991. The allocation of talent:

implications for growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 106 (2), 503-530.

Murphy, Kevin M., Shleifer, Andrei, Vishny, Robert W., 1993. Why is rent-seeking so costly to growth? The American Economic Review 83 (2), 409-414.

Nickell, Stephen, 1981. Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects. Econometrica 49 (6), 1417-1426.

Parsons, Paul, Xu, Xiaoge, 2001. News framing of the Chinese embassy bombing by the People's Daily and the New York Times. Asian Journal of Communication, 11(1), 51-67.

Rajan, Raghuram G., Subramanian,Arvind, 2008. Aid and growth: What does the cross-country evidence really show?. The Review of Economics and Statistics 90(4), 643-665.

Ramirez, Carlos D., 2014. Is corruption in China ‘out of control’? A comparison with the US in historical perspective. Journal of Comparative Economics, 42(1), 76-91.

Roodman, David, 2006. How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. Center for Global Development working paper 103.

Shambaugh, David, 2007. China's propaganda system: Institutions, processes and efficacy. The China Journal, 57, 25-58.

Svensson, Jakob, 2005. Eight questions about corruption. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (3), 19-42.

Wedeman, Andrew, 2004. Great disorder under heaven: Endemic corruption and rapid growth in contemporary China. The China Review 4 (2), 1-32.

Wedeman, Andrew, 2005. Anticorruption campaigns and the intensification of corruption in China. Journal of Contemporary China 14 (42), 93-116.

Wedeman, Andrew, 2008. Win, lose, or draw? China’s quarter century war on corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change 49 (1), 7-26.

Wu, Guoguang, 1994. Command communication: The politics of editorial formulation in the People's Daily. The China Quarterly, 137, 194-211.

Zhang, Xiaoling, 2011. The transformation of political communication in China: from propaganda to hegemony. World scientific publishing company.

Zhu, Xiaodong, 2012. Understanding China’s growth: past, present, and future. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(4), 103-124.

Documento similar