Helmut Schlunk

A complete summary of the key characteristics of each of the studies included in the systematic review and meta-analyses is presented in Table 3-2.

3.3.1.2.1 Sociodemographic features

The average age of the women examined in these studies was 29.6 years (SD = 5.2, range = 18–47). Their average BMI (at booking) was 27.9 kg/m² (SD = 5.5, range = 21–46).

3.3.1.2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Multiple pregnancy was the most common exclusion criterion, and 52.94% (n=18) of the studies explicitly included only singleton pregnancies. The second most common exclusion criterion was previous or current obstetric complication(s), and 47.06% (n = 16) of the studies included only women with a current and/or previous pregnancy considered healthy (Table 3-1).

Table 3-1 Summary of the commonest inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies included in the systematic review.

Common excluded criteria ^(Total

number =34)

%

Multiparous 2 5.88

Multiple pregnancy 18 52.94

Neonatal death and/or severe neonatal complications 9 26.47 Current or previous obstetric complications 16 47.06

Maternal history of chronic disease 13 38.24

Psychiatric disease or medication 4 11.76

Sleep disorders, travelling across time zones and /or shift work

5 14.71

Obese [pre-pregnancy BMI >30 kg/m²] 3 8.82

Behavioural risks (smoking, caffeine, drug, alcohol) 4 11.76

Can’t speak and/or write in English 8 23.53

Table 3-2 Summary of key characteristics for each of the studies included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis.

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Retrospective longitudinal studies (n=8)

1. Women with a neonatal death

(Bourjeily et al., 2013)

USA 1000 University hospital

delivery ward

Women in the 48 hours postpartum period

English speakers 1. Women who cannot speak English

2. Women with neonatal death (Franklin et

al., 2000)

Sweden 502 University hospital OB/GYN ward

Not reported Singleton pregnancy 1. Caesarean delivery

2. Women with a neonatal death (Louis et al., 2. Multiple gestation

(Owusu et al., 2013)

Ghana 234 Korle Bu University

Hospital postpartum ward

Argentina 456 Hospital ‘Donacio n f Santojanni’ Obstetric ward

Pregnant women who came for delivery

Singleton pregnancy Not reported

(Reid et al., 2011)

Canada 219 Royal university hospital fetal assessment and

Singleton pregnancy 1. Multiple pregnancy

2. Sever underlying maternal or fetal complications

3. Poorly controlled HTN 4. Diabetes

5. Premature delivery Chen et al.,

Singleton pregnancy Not reported

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Case control studies (n=6) a prior month history of delivery

2. Singleton pregnancy

1. Women with pre-gravid hypertension

2. Treated obstructive sleep apnea 3. Neuromuscular disease

4. Previous stroke

5. Women lived >30 Km from the center

6. Women Lacking English communication

7. Unstable (intensive care admission or foetal loss) 4. Women identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander,

Singleton pregnancy 1. Multiple pregnancy

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Controls=30 Controls: Advertisement

via fliers distributed in

2. Pre-existing chronic diseases (DM, sleep disorders, neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, sever pulmonary, cardiac or renal diseases)

3. Usage of (steroid, medication which may affect sleep or glucose metabolisms, significant alcohol ≥ 7

drinks/wk, caffeine consumption

≥ 400 mg/d, smoking, durgs) 4. Shift work

5. Recent travel over time zone (Stacey et

Not reported 1. Still birth due to congenital anomalies

2. Multiple pregnancy

(Samarawee

1. Confirmed partial or complete miscarriage 2. < 28 weeks of gestation

1. Thyroid disease

2. Major psychiatric disease 3. HTN antenatal clinic in the Sri Lanka district

Not reported Not reported 1. Pre-existing DM 2. Pre-existing HTN 3. Epilepsy

4. Psychiatric diseases

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria (Facco et al.,

2010)

USA 189 Outpatient clinic in

Northwestern Memorial

USA 63 Five university outpatient

antenatal clinics

Urban and low-income pregnant women

1. < 16 weeks’ gestation 2. Fluency in English or 3. Spanish

633 Data from Maternal Sleep and Health Study in New Zeland

Korea 276 Obstetric outpatient

clinics in 2 private hospitals and 3 secondary located hospitals in Soul and its surrounding area

USA 131 Child birth educational

classes

Not reported 1. First pregnancy 2. Read and write English

1. Diagnosed sleep disorder 2. Work the night shift

3. Previous involuntary pregnancy lost 3. Usage of narcotic drugs 4. Usage of any medication that

may affect sleep 5. Non- attendance to three

antenatal visits (Na-rungsri

et al., 2016)

Thailand 1345 Five prenatal care clinics affiliated with Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, which is a large tertiary hospital

3. Had intention to keep the pregnancy to term

1. Had asthma

2. Had chronic renal disease 3. Had chronic hypertension 4. Had miscarriages 5. lost on follow-up

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria and to deliver at the

study hospitals were recruited

(O'Brien et al., 2012)

USA 1719 University of Michigan

prenatal clinics

USA 1673 Large tertiary medical

center

USA 166 University medical center Pregnant women in the first trimester

1. Singleton pregnancy 2. Non-smoker

1. Started their antenatal care before the 20^th week of gestation 2. English speaker 3. Planning to complete

her pregnancy period 2. Sever diseases (pulmonary,

renal, cardiac)

3. Current neurological disorders 4. Current psychiatric disorders 5. Recent travel over the time

zone 6. Shift work

7. Usage of (steroid, drugs, smoking, significant alcohol or caffeine consumptions)

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria

8. Medication that may affect glucose level)

8. With incomplete data about perinatal outcomes 3. History of a diagnosed sleep

disorder

4. History of a psychiatric disorder 5. History of an acute illness

Singleton gestation 1. History of previous preterm labor or un intentional miscarriage

2. History of previous obstetric complications

3. History of chronic illness 4. History of recently treated

vaginal or urinary tract infection 5. Diagnosed as being in a

preterm labor (Ugur et al.,

2012)

Turkey 465 In-patient obstetric ward or delivery ward in seven hospitals in seven distinct

2. Women with a positive GCT but did not take OGTT

References Location Sample size Setting Population of interest

Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria 3. 3. Women with missing

sleepinformation (Williams et

al., 2010)

Sweden 1272 Prenatal medical care clinics at Swedish medical center in Seattle

Healthy pregnant women

1. Started their antenatal care before the 20^th week of gestation 2. English speaker 3. Planning to complete

her pregnancy period

1. GDM before the study 2. Pregnancy loss

3.3.2 Measured variables

In document Santa Eulalia de Bóveda: Estudio histórico-arqueológico y propuesta interpretativa del monumento y su entorno (página 113-117)