Capítulo 1 Fundamentación Teórica
1.6. Herramientas de Apoyo a la GCS
In this exercise, you use PIPESIM to build the water pipeline you hand calculated in . You will define parameters for each
component in the model, perform operations, view and analyze the results, and compare PIPESIM results to your hand calculations.
There are three parts to this exercise:
1. Starting the application
2. Creating the fluid model (water) and selecting flow correlations
3. Building the physical model.
elevation
Getting Started To start the application:
1. Start PIPESIM by selecting Start > Program Files >
Schlumberger > PIPESIM.
2. Click NEW Single Branch Model….
3. From the Setup > Units menu, select the Eng(ineering) units.
4. From the Setup > Define Output tab, uncheck all report options except Primary Output and Auxiliary Output.
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Building the Physical Model (a Water Pipeline Model) You begin by defining the physical components of the model.
1. Click Source and place it in the window by clicking inside the Single Branch window.
2. Click Boundary Node and place it in the window.
3. Click Flowline .
4. Link Source_1 to the End Node S1 by clicking and dragging from Source_1 to the End Node S1.
NOTE: The red outlines on Source_1 and Flowline_1 indicate that essential input data is missing.
5. Double-click Source_1 and the source input data user form displays.
a. Fill in the form.
b. Click OK to exit the user form.
6. Double-click Flowline_1 and the input data user form is displayed.
7. Fill the form as shown below, ensuring that the rate of undulations = 0 (no terrain effects).
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8. Click the Heat Transfer tab and fill in the form for an adiabatic process, as no heat was gained or lost between the system and its environment.
9. Click OK to exit the user form and accept the overall heat transfer coefficient (U value) defaults.
Creating the Fluid Model (Water) and Selecting Flow Correlations
To create the fluid model and select flow correlations:
1. Select Setup > Black Oil to open the Black Oil Fluid menu.
2. Fill in the Black Oil user form and click OK when you are finished.
3. Select File > Save As and save the model as Exercise1_WaterPipe.bps.
4. From the Setup > Flow Correlations menu, select the Moody single-phase flow correlation.
5. Click OK.
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Performing Operations
PIPESIM Single Branch mode offers several simulation
operations, depending on the intended workflow. Many of these operations are explained in the exercises that follow.
The Pressure/Temperature Profile operation is used to acquire the distribution of pressure, temperature and many other parameters across the flow path.
To perform these operations:
1. In the Operations menu, select the Pressure/Temperature Profile operation.
NOTE: The Pressure Temperature Profile operation requires that you designate a calculated variable and specify all other variables. Generally, two specifications are provided for use with the rate, inlet pressure and outlet pressure, while the third is calculated.
However, all three can be specified and a forth variable will be calculated, for example choke size.
2. Enter the known flowing conditions.
3. Click Run Model. The pressure calculation uses the Moody correlation (default single-phase correlation).
4. View and analyze the results. The pressure profile below should be visible upon completion of the run.
5. To display a tabular output of the Pressure/Temperature profile, click the Data tab at the top of your graph. Notice that the outlet pressure is 89 psia.
6. (Optional) Copy this data into Excel:
a. Highlight the cells of interest.
b. Press Ctrl + C.
c. Select a cell in Excel and press Ctrl + V.
d. To view an abbreviated form of the full output file, select Reports > Summary File.
You can observe the output:
The Liquid holdup value displayed (175 bbl) is the total liquid volume for the entire pipe.
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7. The Summary file reports the frictional and elevational components of the total pressure change in the pipeline.
Compare the results of PIPESIM to your hand calculations by entering the appropriate values in the table.
8. View the output file by selecting Reports > Output File. By default, the output file is divided into five sections:
• Input Data Echo (Input data and Input units summary)
• Fluid Property Data (Input data of the fluid model)
• Profile and Flow Correlations (Profile and selected correlations summary)
• Primary Output
• Auxiliary Output.
NOTE: If the units reported in the output file are not the desired ones, you should change the units (Setup >
Units), pick the preferred unit system, and rerun the simulation.
Result Hand
Calculation PIPESIM Liquid Velocity (ft/s)
∆Pfrictional (psi)
∆Pelevational (psi)
∆Ptotal (psi)
Outlet Pressure (psia)
The Primary Output File
The primary output is shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16 Example of the primary output file
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The primary output contains 17 columns:
• Node number: node at which all the measures on the row have been recorded. (The nodes have been spaced by default with a 1,000 foot interval)
• Horizontal Distance (cumulative horizontal component of length)
• Elevation (absolute)
• Angle of inclination (from the horizontal)
• Angle of inclination (from the vertical)
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Mean mixture velocity
• Elevational pressure drop
• Frictional pressure drop
• Actual Liquid flow rate at the P,T conditions of the node
• Actual Free gas rate at the standard P,T conditions of the node
• Total Mass flow rate of the node
• Actual Liquid density at the P,T conditions of the node
• Actual Free gas density at the P,T conditions of the node
• Slug Number
• Flow Pattern.
Notice that, as the pressure decreases, the liquid density decreases, therefore the velocity must increase to maintain a constant mass flow rate.
The Auxiliary Output File
The auxiliary output is shown in Figure 17.
Figure 17 Example of the auxiliary output file
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The auxiliary output consists of 19 columns:
• Node number
• Horizontal distance (cumulative)
• Elevation (absolute)
• Superficial liquid velocity
• Superficial gas velocity
• Liquid mass flow rate
• Gas mass flow rate
• Liquid viscosity
• Gas viscosity
• Reynolds number
• No-slip Liquid Holdup Fraction
• Slip Liquid Holdup Fraction
• Liquid Water cut
• Fluid Enthalpy
• Erosional Velocity ratio
• Erosion rate (if applicable)
• Corrosion rate (if applicable)
• Hydrate temperature sub-cooling (if applicable)
• Liquid Loading Velocity Ratio (if Applicable).
TIP: The values of the Reynolds number indicate that the flow regime is turbulent (NRE > 2000) and are consistent with the results of the hand calculations.