Herramientas de soporte

tissue; epistroma.

ectothecal. ectotecal. Of ascomycetes, not having the hymenium covered.

ectotrophic. ectótrófo. Obtaining nour-ishment from outside, as some fungi that live on the outside of roots.

ectotrophic infection. infeción ectótr-ofo. Pertaining to root-infecting fungi growing on the surface of the root but sending infection hyphae into the host tissue below; also hy-phae running between the epider-mal cells.

ectotrophic mycorrhiza. micorriza ectótrofo. A mycorrhizal associa-tion where the bulk of the fungus covers the root, with hyphae grow-ing into the intercellular spaces.

ectrotropic. ectrotrófico. Curving out-ward.

edaphic. edáfico. More influenced by soil composition rather than by climate, as an edaphic plant.

edaphic climax. clímax edáfica. A climax that is primarily produced by soil conditions, such as moist, dry, or acid.

edaphic factor. factor edáfica. Any soil factor which affects the organ-ism that grows in or on it.

edaphology. edafología. The study of plants and their relationship to the soil.

edaphon. edafón. The plants and ani-mals living in a soil that affect the nitrogen content.

edema. edema. A large mass of un-healthy parenchyma; also, an ab-normal swelling of large areas of tissue due to excess water; oedema.

edentate. sin dientes. Without teeth.

edge. borde. Margin, as the margin or edge of a leaf; border.

edge effect. efecto de borde. The

in-fluence of two bordering commu-nities on the types and numbers of plants and animals in their adjoining fringes.

edged. marginado. bordeado. The margin of a flower or other struc-ture that may have a different color than the main body; bordered.

edulis. edulis. A Latin term that means,

“edible”.

efficiency index. indice de eficiencia.

The rate at which dry matter ac-cumulates in plants.

effigurate. efigurado. Having a defi-nite shape.

effigurations. efiguracións. Out-growths from the receptacle.

efflorescence. floración. The pro-duction of flowers; also, the pe-riod of flowering; flowering.

effuse. efuso. Spreading out loosely or in an unrestrained, or indefinite manner, as effuse flowers.

egg. huevo. The middle of three hap-loid cells at the micropylar end of the embryo sac which becomes a zygote when fertilized; a nonmo-tile female gamete; a rudimentary embryo.

egg apparatus. aparato de ovular. Usu-ally three cells in an embryo sac, one is the egg and the other two, synergids.

egg cell. célula de huevo. ovocélula.

óvulo. In angiosperms and gym-nosperms, the female reproductive cell that becomes a zygote after fertilization. See egg.

egg sac. saco ovígero. A membrane or covering around an egg.

egg-shaped. obovado. obovoide. ob-voide. A three-dimensional struc-ture that has the oblong shape of a bird’s egg.

eglandular. eglandular. Without

ectothecal eglandular

126 glands.

eisodal aperature. orificio eisodal. The enlargement of the stomata pore nearest to the surface of the leaf.

ejaculation. eyaculación. The forci-ble expulsion of spores from a spo-rangium, or seeds from a fruit.

ejection. eyección. See ejaculation.

ektexine. ectexina. The outer layer of the exine of a pollen grain; usu-ally has projections on it.

elaioplast. elaioplasto. eleoplasto.

cuerpo oleoso. A plastid that con-tains stored oil.

elaiosome. eleosoma. An outgrowth containing fats or oils from the surface of a seed which often at-tracts ants that may aid in seed-dispersal.

elaminate. elaminado. Without a blade.

elastic growth. crecimiento elástico.

The part of a cell wall extension that is reversible.

elater. eláter. One of four filaments curled once or twice around spores in Equisetaceae; a spiral filament which is used in the dispersion of spores, as in liverworts (Hepaticae);

also, in bryophytes, an elongated, spirally thickened cell derived from the sporangenous tissue, and some-times aiding in spore-dispersal; in some Lycoperdales, a spirally thick-ened structure in the fruit body.

elaterophore. elateróforo. A tissue that bears the elaters; also, a cen-tral column-like mass of sterile tis-sue in the spornagium of the Jungermanniales.

electrolyte. electrolito. electrólito.

A substance that ionizes in solu-tion, i.e. conducts electricity when in solution, by the movement of ions.

electron. electrón. A negatively

charged particle that is one of the three units (electrons, protons, neu-trons) that make up an atom.

electron carrier. (trans)portador de electrones. A chemical compound that serves as an acceptor and do-nor of electrons and/or protons in an electron transport system.

electron transport. transporte de electrones. The carrying of an elec-tron from one substrate to another, involving the oxidation of one and the reduction of the other, e.g.

HA + B = HB + A. The enzyme bringing about such a transfer is termed an electron carrier; also, a sequence of chemical activity in-volving the transfer of electrons from one energy level to another in which the energy is made avail-able to the cell.

electron transport chain. c a d e n a transportadora de electrones. A system of electron carriers, present in mitochondria, which sequentially transport electrons and or protons from glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and other metabolic reactions; also a system of electron transport in metabolic pathways, as photosyn-thesis; respiratory chain.

electron transport particle, ETP.

p a rt í cu l a tr an sp o rt ad o ra d e electrones, PTE. The morphologi-cal site of the enzymes involved in electron transport.

electrophoresis. electroforesis. The movement of charge particles in a stationary liquid under the influ-ence of an electric field; the rate varying according to the charge on the particle, its size, and shape.

electrophysiology. electrofisiología.

The study of the relationship be-tween living organisms and

elec-eisodal aperature electrophysiology

127 tricity.

electropism. electrotropismo. The curving of plant growth due to slight electrical currents.

electrotaxis. eclectrotaxis. The move-ment of cells or organisms in re-sponse to electric currents.

element. elemento. A substance com-posed of atoms that are chemically alike and which cannot be sepa-rated in to simpler parts by any known chemical means.

eleutheropetalous. eleuteropetalo.

Polypetalous.

eligulate. sin ligula. Without a ligule;

without the strap-shaped portion of the perianth or a ray or ligulate corolla.

ellipsoid. elipsoide. A solid body which is elliptic in the long tion and circular in the cross sec-tion.

elliptic. elíptico. With the widest axis at midpoint of the structure and with margins symmetrically curved, as in the leaves of the Ficus macro-phylla; narrow and tapering at each end.

elongate. alargado. Long and nar-row, as certain leaves; extended;

drawn out.

elongation. elongación. A lengthening of some parts; the growth of a cell by an increase in length.

emarginate. emarginado. Lacking a distinct margin; also, the rounded lobe of a leaf or petal with a shal-low notch at the apex; also refers to a fungal gill with a notch near-est the stipe.

emasculate. emascular. To remove the anthers from a bud or flower before pollen is shed; a normal preliminary step in hybridization preventing self-pollination.

emasculation. emasculación. A step in the hybridization process that involves removing a plant’s anther(s) to avoid self-pollination.

Embden-Meyerhop-Parnas sequence.

secuencia de Embden Meyerhop-Parnas. The second phase in gly-colysis during aerobic respiration.

A molecule of hexose diphosphate is formed into two molecules of triose phosphate. Two energy-rich phosphates are released. ADP is converted to ATP and DPN is re-duced, with the formation of pyruvic acid.

embracing. abrazador. abrazado.

Clasping or enwrapping.

embryo. embrión. The undeveloped or rudimentary plant developed from an ovum sexually or asexu-ally and, in seed plants contained within the seed.

embryo sac. saco embrional. saco embrionario. The female repro-ductive organ usually consisting of the egg cell, three antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, and two synergids;

the female gametophyte of flow-ering plants. The embryo sac arises from the megaspore by successive mitotic divisions.

embryogenesis. embriogénesis. The formation and development of an embryo.

embryogeny. embriogenia. The proc-ess leading to the formation of an embryo.

embryoid. embrioide. Resembling an embryo, as embryoids developing inside pollen grains, eventually emerging as root and stem meristems.

embryology. embriología. The branch of study that deals with the for-mation and development of

em-electropism embryology

128 bryos.

embryonal. embrional. Related to an embryo.

embryonic. embrionario. Pertaining to embryos.

embryonic axis. axón embrionario.

The main root-shoot body of a seed-ling; hypocotyl.

embryonic tissue. tejido embrionario.

A tissue made up of actively di-viding cells.

embryoniform. embrioniforme. Shaped like an embryo.

embryophytes. embriófitas. embrió-fitos. Any plants that develop em-bryos, as mosses (Musci), ferns (Filicopsida) and flowering plants.

embryostega. embriostegio. In some seeds, a cap that covers a portion of the embryo before germination and pushed off by the growth of the radicle; a disk-like callus on a seed.

emergence. emergencia. Various outgrowths that come from the tis-sue beneath the epidermis, such as thorns on a rose bush (Rosa).

emergence marsh. marisma d e emergencia. The upper zone of a salt marsh from the general mean high water level to the mean high water level of spring tides; usu-ally with sharply limited periods of continuous submergence.

emergents. emergentes. Individual trees or group of trees that stand strikingly higher than the top of a continuous canopy of low land tropical rain forests.

emersed. salir. Standing out of sur-rounding water, as part of an aquatic plant.

emersed leaf. hoja emergida. An aquatic plant leaf standing out of the water, as some water lilies

(Nymphaeaceae).

empty glume. gluma estéril. Sterile glume.

emulsin. emulsina. An enzyme that breaks down gluosides to give a sugar and an aromatic group.

emulsion. emulsión. A collodial sus-pension of one liquid in another.

enation. enación. An abnormal growth of an organ or an excrescence on the surface of any part of the plant;

also, tissue flaps growing out from the stem, possibly the origin of microphylls.

enatiostylous. enacioestilo. Refers to a flower which has the style(s) projecting from one side.

enchylema. enquilema. The more fluid constituents of the cytoplasm.

encircle. encerrar. Surround.

enclosed. envuelto. Surrounded.

encrustation. encrustación. Adcrust-ation.

encystment. encistamiente. enquist-amiento. The formation of a walled, non-motile body from a swimming spore.

endangered species. especie amen-azada. A living species that is in danger of becoming extinct because of small population sizes, poor re-production, reduced available habi-tat, or combinations of two or more of these factors.

endarch. endarchar. The direction of differentiation of the xylem when it is cut off from the cambium to-wards the center of the axis. The protoxylem develops outward to the edge nearest the center of the axis, as an endarch stele.

endecandrous. endecandro. Having eleven stamens.

endemic. endémico. Species that are native to a particular environment

embryonal endemic

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