I. To avoid generation of black smoke/dense particulate matter emission from the stack of the kilns, boilers, furnaces, etc., the industry must install ade- quately designed ESP/Gas Cleaning Plant and continuously operate the same to meet the prescribed standard of the pollution control agencies/authorities. II. The existing bag filters should be periodically overhauled and upgraded/ replaced with new bag filter to meet the norms in respect of particulate matter emission. Portholes and platforms along with the ladder at each stack attached to the individual bag filters and ESPs shall be provided to facilitate the Pollution Control Board/ environmental authorities for stack monitoring. III. D.G. sets should be equipped with AMF. (Auto Mains Failure Panel) for auto changeover of power supply from grid power to D.G. power in the event of power failure. The AMF Panel should preferably be PLC (pro- grammable logic control) based. Dedicated D.G. sets of adequate capacity shall be installed to ensure sufficient standby power supply to run all pol- lution control devices of the plant in the event of power failure to ensure continuous operation of pollution control equipments.
IV. All raw materials, product, and waste materials should be transferred through covered vehicles without any spillage or leakages on the way. In the case of any accidental spillage on the road, the materials/wastes shall be lifted by the industry and suitably disposed off in designated solid waste dumping area. V. All sources of fugitive dust emission generated from material stack yards,
material transfer points of conveyors, bottom of the bag filters, ESP hopper, and intermediate bin should be fully enclosed.
VI. Inventory of excess spare parts air pollution control systems/spare bags shall be in the store to meet emergency need of ESPs and bag filters.
VII. Approach roads and internal roads should be black topped or concreted and good housekeeping practices should be followed to prevent the generation of fugitive dust.
VIII. Appropriate devices like pneumatic dust handling system/mechanical dust handling system/Pug mill shall be provided at the hoppers of ESPs and pulse jet bag filters for continuous evacuation of dust from the hoppers without creating fugitive emission near the ESP and bag filter area. The collected dust from air pollution control equipments should be utilized or disposed off in a designed land fill area. Until capping of land fill, the dust shall be kept in wet condition with water sprinklers to avoid re-entrainment into the surrounding area due to wind.
IX. Raw materials like iron ore and coal fines should be stored under covered shed.
X. Accumulation of dust in the work zone and nondumping area inside the factory premises shall be avoided. The work zone area shall be properly cleaned either manually or mechanically every day and the dust so collected shall be disposed off in the designated dump site.
XI. Accretion material/dust, waste material generated due to cleaning of the kilns/ furnaces/ boilers/ equipments should not be dumped haphazardly but it should be temporarily kept in an earmarked area and subsequently removed and transferred to the designated dump site within two days of their generation.
XII. Dust from approach roads and internal roads should be removed every day and taken to the dump site. The approach road and internal roads shall be cleaned by water hose periodically to avoid the accumulation of dust and to control fugitive dust emission during plying of vehicles.
XIII. Permanent type of high-pressure water spraying system with nozzles should be installed for regular spraying of water on all roads, work zone, and solid waste dumping area.
XIV. Proper housekeeping should be maintained by a dedicated team.
XV. The industry must constitute a team of responsible and technically qual- ified personnel who will ensure continuous operation of all pollution control devices round the clock (including night hours).
XVI. In no case, leakage of flue gas should be allowed through the emergency caps of process equipments bypassing the pollution control devices. XVII. Air pollution control measures installed at crushers, screens, material transfer
points, product handling area, cooler discharge, magnetic separator, and other potential dust generating points shall be operated continuously and effectively to control fugitive dust emission.
XVIII. Additional bag filters should be provided at coal injection point, raw material feeding point, storage bins, intermediate bins, and any other material transfer points (if not provided yet) to control the emission of fugitive dust. Slip rings of kilns shall be maintained properly to prevent dust leakages.
XIX. The industry should install separate energy meters for ESP/GCP and other pollution control devices. A logbook shall be maintained to record the energy meter readings, and a monthly statement of such energy meter readings of power consumption along with monthly electricity bill shall be furnished to the Pollution Control Board.
XX. Maintenance of all the pollution control devices shall be taken up during normal shutdown of kilns. In case of failure of any air pollution control devices at any point of time, the fact shall be intimated to the Board imme- diately by fax, and immediate action shall be taken to resume the proper functioning of the devices.
XXI. Boundary shall be provided around the existing/proposed solid waste dumping area, and to prevent the generation of wind-borne dust, the height of the dump shall not be more than the height of the boundary wall under any circumstances.
XXII. The ambient air quality shall confirm to the prescribed standard. Areas within the premises of the plant shall be considered as industrial area and areas outside the premises shall be treated as residential and rural areas.
XXIII. The D.G. set shall be installed in an acoustically designed enclosure to control noise level and over anti-vibration pads to avoid vibration.
XXIV. The height of the stack attached to the D.G. sets shall confirm to the fol- lowing. H = h + 0.2√KVA where h= height of the building where it is installed in meter, KVA= capacity of the D.G. set in KVA, H = height of the stack in meter above ground level.
XXV. Green belt shall be developed along the boundary of factory premises during the forthcoming monsoon. A plan showing the green belt area shall be sub- mitted to the Board within one month. Number of species and existing number of surviving trees shall be reported to the Board.
More information on air pollution control can be found from the literature.14−16
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14. Wang, L.K., Pereira, N.C. and Hung, Y.T. (Eds.) (2004). Air Pollution Control Engineering. New Jersey: Humana Press, 504 pp.
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16. USEPA (2011). The Phasecut of Ozone-Depleting Substances. www.epa.gov/ozone/ title6/phaseout/.