Imágenes heredadas sobre la ciencia y el científico

Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983. Intermediate Scabbardfish. To 104 cm (40.9 in) SL (Fitch and Gotshall 1972). Pacific and Atlantic oceans; Japan, Kuril Islands (Nakamura and Parin 1993), and southeastern Kamchatka (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000) to Hawaii and British Columbia to California, northern Chile (Nakamura and Parin 1993), Peru, and Islas Galápagos (McCosker et al. 1997). Benthopelagic, adults mostly at 800–1,350 m (2,624–4,428 ft; Nakamura and Parin 1993), at least one at about 494 m (1,630 ft; Fitch and Gotshall 1972); juveniles mesopelagic, at 300–1,000 m (984–3,280 ft; Nakamura and Parin 1993). North Pacific records of Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839, are now considered to belong to A. intermedius, while A. carbo is recognized as an Atlantic form. However, all North Pacific records of Aphanopus may belong to Aphanopus arigato Parin, 1994 (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002), called Pacific Black Scabbardfish (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000), but the status of this form is uncertain or it may include only western North Pacific records.

Assurger anzac (Alexander, 1917). Razorback Scabbardfish. To 250 cm (98.4 in) SL (Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995). Circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters, from scattered records (Nakamura and Parin 1993); southern Japan (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002); Point Dume, southern California to Chile (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Adults probably benthopelagic, at depths of 150–400 m (492–1,312 ft; Nakamura and Parin 1993).

Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker, 1970. North Pacific Frostfish. To 112 cm (44.1 in) SL. Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Nakamura and Parin 1993); British Columbia and Puget Sound, Washington (Peden and Hughes 1986) to Monterey Bay, central California (Anderson and Cailliet 1975). Benthopelagic, to 380 m and deeper, sometimes migrating to surface; juveniles mesopelagic (Nakamura and Parin 1993). Originally described as a subspecies of Benthodesmus elongatus, this form was treated as a full species by Nakamura and Parin (1993) and recognized as such by Nelson et al. (2004); B. pacificus occurs in the North Pacific, whereas B. elongatus occurs in the Southern Hemisphere in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Records from British Columbia and Washington (Peden and Hughes 1986) were reported as B. tenuis.

Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987. Black Scabbardfish or Pacific Scabbardfish. To 210 cm (82.7 in) SL (Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995). Eastern Pacific; off Newport, Oregon (collected by S. Meguffy; J. Cusick, pers. comm. to M. L.) to southern Peru (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998), including Gulf of California (Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995). No collections appear to have been made between 20°N and 5°N; Rosenblatt and Wilson (1987) speculate that this is an example of antitropical distribution. Benthopelagic, adults at depths of 150–500 m (492–1,640 ft) (min.: Rosenblatt and Wilson 1987; max.: Fitch and Lavenberg 1968). Also recently as Lepidopus xantusi.

Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899. Pacific Cutlassfish. To 1.5 m (59 in) SL (Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995). Western Pacific as far north as Sea of Japan (Parin 2003); Oxnard, southern California (Lea and Rosenblatt 2000) to Callao, Peru (Chirchigno 1974), including Gulf of California (Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995) and Islas Galápagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Surface to 384 m (1,260 ft) (min.: Nakamura and Parin 1993; max.: Miller and Lea 1972). Nelson et al. (2004) note the confused systematics of Trichiurus and, pending further research, recognize T. nitens as a species separate from T. lepturus of the Atlantic.

Family Scombridae — Mackerels

Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Wahoo. To 2.5 m (8.2 ft) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Circumglobal; in western Pacific as far north as Japan (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002) and southern Kuril Islands (Savinykh 1998); about 130 km (80 mi) south of the U.S.–Mexican border (M. L., unpubl. data)

to Paita, Peru (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998) and Easter Island (Pequeño 1989), including Islas Galápagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Oceanic epipelagic, surface to 15 m (49 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002). Recently and commonly as A. solanderi.

Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948. Slender Tuna. To 96.5 cm (38 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972). Warm waters of Southern Hemisphere to 50°S (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998); one report from North Pacific Subarctic Gyre (44°01'N, 151°13'W; Schaefer and Childers 1999) and one from Los Angeles–Long Beach Harbor, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972). Epipelagic, probably oceanic.

Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Bullet Mackerel. To 55 cm (21.6 in) TL (Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984). Circumglobal in warm waters; in western Pacific as far north as southern Kuril Islands (Parin 2003); Redondo Beach, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972) to northern Chile (Pequeño 1997), including Gulf of California (Collette in Fischer et al. 1995) and Islas Galápagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Neritic and oceanic epipelagic, surface to perhaps 200 m (656 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002). The eastern Pacific form is recognized as a subspecies Auxis rochei eudorax (Collette and Aadland 1996, Collette 2003). Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800). Frigate Mackerel or Frigate Tuna. To 61 cm (24 in) TL (Miller and Lea 1972).

Circumglobal in warm waters; in eastern Pacific from Santa Catalina Island, southern California to Chile (Pequeño 1989), including southern Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002) and Islas Galápagos (Miller and Lea 1972). Neritic and oceanic epipelagic, surface to perhaps 200 m (656 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002). The eastern Pacific form is recognized as a subspecies Auxis thazard eurydorax (Collette and Aadland 1996, Collette 2003). The record of this species from the southern Kuril Islands in Savinykh (1998) appears to be in error and was changed to Auxis rochei in Parin (2003).

Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849). Kawakawa or Mackerel Tuna. To 110 cm (43.3 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Warm waters of Indian Ocean and western and central Pacific; southern Japan (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002); Los Angeles Harbor, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972). Neritic epipelagic, surface to perhaps 50 m (164 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002).

Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920. Black Skipjack. To 92 cm (36.2 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). San Simeon, central California (Miller and Lea 1972) to northern Peru (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998), including Gulf of California (Miller and Lea 1972) and Islas Galápagos (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Neritic and oceanic epipelagic, surface to perhaps 40 m (131 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002).

Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Skipjack Tuna. To 120 cm (47.2 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters (Collette 2003); in western Pacific as far north as Japan (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002) and southern Kuril Islands (Savinykh 1998); Yakutat Bay, southeastern Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to Chile (Collette and Nauen 1983), including southern Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002) and Islas Galápagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Oceanic epipelagic, surface to 260 m (853 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002). In some older guides as Euthynnus pelamis. Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832). Pacific Bonito. To 122 cm (48.0 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Eastern

Pacific, with two populations: northern and eastern Gulf of Alaska (Quast 1964, Karinen et al. 1985, Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to southern Baja California (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983) and just into Gulf of California on Baja California side (Robertson and Allen 2002); and Máncora, Peru to Talcahuano, Chile (Collette and Nauen 1983). Neritic epipelagic, to depth of 110 m (361 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002). *Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Striped Bonito. To 117 cm (46.0 in) TL (Robertson and Allen

2002). Pacific and Indian oceans; in western Pacific as far north as southern Japan (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002); tip of Baja California, central Mexico (Robertson and Allen 2002) to Cabo Blanco, Peru (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998). Neritic epipelagic, surface to about 30 m (98 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002).

Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782. Chub Mackerel, Pacific Chub Mackerel, or Pacific Mackerel. To nearly 63.5 cm (25 in) TL (Fitch 1956). Pacific and Indian oceans; in western Pacific as far north as Japan (Collette and Nauen 1983), southern Kuril Islands (Savinykh 1998), and southeastern Kamchatka (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000); western Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to Gulf of California (Castro Hernández and Santana Ortega 2000) and Panama to Chile, including Islas Galápagos (Collette and Nauen 1983). Apparently absent from southern Mexico to northern Panama (Robertson and Allen 2002). Coastal pelagic to epipelagic or mesopelagic over continental slope, surface to depth of about 300 m (984 ft; Collette and Nauen 1983), sometimes near shore in surf zone (C. Valle, pers. comm. to M. L.). Previously treated as conspecific with Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789, of the Atlantic (Collette 1999, 2003).

Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879). Gulf Sierra or Monterey Spanish Mackerel. To 87 cm (34.2 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Soquel, Monterey Bay, central California to Gulf of California (Miller and Lea 1972) to central Mexico (Robertson and Allen 2002). Neritic epipelagic, to 15 m (49 ft) or more (Robertson and Allen 2002).

Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895. Pacific Sierra. To 112 cm (44.1 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Santa Monica, southern California (Miller and Lea 1972) to central Chile (33°35'S; Brito 2002), including Gulf of California (Collette and Nauen 1983) and Islas Galápagos (Miller and Lea 1972). Neritic epipelagic, surface to 15 m (49 ft) or more (Robertson and Allen 2002).

Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788). Albacore. To 152 cm (5.0 ft) TL (Foreman 1980). Circumglobal in tropical to temperate waters; in western Pacific north to Japan (Collette and Nauen 1983) and southern Kuril Islands (Savinykh 1998); northern and eastern Gulf of Alaska (Karinen et al. 1985, Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to Chile (Foreman 1980), including Islas Galápagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997) and entrance to Gulf of California (G. Kira, pers. comm. with photographs to M. L.). Oceanic epipelagic and mesopelagic, surface to 600 m (1,968 ft; Robertson and Allen 2002).

Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788). Yellowfin Tuna. To 220 cm (86.6 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters; in western Pacific north to Japan (Collete and Nauen 1983) and southern Kuril Islands (Savinykh 1998); eastern North Pacific at 50°00'N, 150°02'W (Larkins 1964, Mecklenburg et al. 2002), and Morro Bay, central California (Squire 1987) to Chile (Miller and Lea 1972), including Islas Galápagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Oceanic epipelagic, surface to 464 m (1,522 ft; Gunn and Block 1999).

Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839). Bigeye Tuna. To 250 cm (8.2 ft) TL (Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984). Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters; in western Pacific north to Japan (Collette and Nauen 1983) and southern Kuril Islands (Parin 2003); Iron Springs, central Washington (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983) to Chile (Pequeño 1989), including Islas Galápagos (Miller and Lea 1972); apparently not in Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002). Oceanic epipelagic and mesopelagic, surface to 1,500 m (4,920 ft) (min.: Eschmeyer and Herald 1983; max.: Schaefer and Fuller 2002).

Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Pacific Bluefin Tuna. To about 3 m (10 ft) TL (Foreman and Ishizuka 1990). Japan (Nakabo in Nakabo 2002) to southern Kuril Islands (Savinykh 1998) and southern Okhotsk Sea; Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al. 2002) to tip of Baja California (Robertson and Allen 2002). Oceanic epipelagic, surface to 450–550 m (1,476–1,804 ft; Marcinek et al. 2001). Previously considered a subspecies of Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), raised to full species status by Collette (1999). The size of more than 3 m (10 ft) FL and weight of about 680 kg given by Mecklenburg et al. (2002), after Collette and Nauen (1983), pertains to the Atlantic species T. thynnus. The largest T. orientalis of record may be “about 555 kg (ca. 3 m)” from Japan, and 271.2 cm FL and 457.7 kg off California (Foreman and Ishizuka 1990).