Impactos organizacionales de la tecnología de base de datos

Table 5 and figure 12, reflect the response of the questionnaire on the key factor of strategy. The overall responses were positive with a couple of companies disagreeing because they are not directly involved in NPD and do not deal directly with the market. Most of the managers in the companies agreed that strategy played a vital role in assisting the organisation to focus on their objectives and goals to give what their customers required at all times. When companies asked to rank the four key NPD success factors used in their strategy, strategy always came out on top. They believed strategy demonstrated management’s understanding on what the organisation is all about. The input given by these managers as seen in table 5 and figure 12 corresponds with what Thompson and Strickland (1993), Mintzberg (1975) and Porter (1996) suggested concerning strategy as the road map

for any organization. The main emphasis in this point is that when management knows the market it needs to serve, nothing will ever stand on the way.

Table 5: Strategy

Strongly

agree Agree Do not know Disagree Total STRATEGY Count % Count % Count % Count % Count %

The firm is strongly R&D oriented

6 66.7 2 22.2 1 11.1 9 100

Ability to search, develop and apply

new knowledge 5 55.6 4 44.4 9 100

Products have technological

newness 4 44.4 2 22.2 3 33.3 9 100

Products have a large application

scope 5 55.6 1 11.1 3 33.3 9 100

Product uniqueness is searched for 3 33.3 1 11.1 5 55.6 9 100 Ability to search and find potential

markets 5 62.5 3 37.5 8 100

Provide firm resources to fit the

markets 4 44.4 4 44.4 1 11.1 9 100

Markets have a considerable growth

potential 4 44.4 5 55.6 9 100

Products are internationally planned

from the beginning 5 55.6 3 33.3 1 11.1 9 100

Ability to pioneer in the market _{3 33.3 3 33.3 1 11.1 2 22.2 9 100} Knowledge of customer needs and

user conditions 5 55.6 4 44.4 9 100

Regarding product uniqueness, the response is not that great because as engineering companies they specialise in manufacturing what has been requested by their customers (see graph 12 in appendix D). Though they excel in using the best technologies, they do not go out looking for the needs of the customers. One of the managers even said that they are not like a fashion business that will always need to know what they should produce next. They are more concerned about how they can better serve their customers by manufacturing and producing products that their customers asked for.

Managers of the organisations that are involved in new product development are very much aware that strategy determines the future of every organisation. When the strategy is weak everything about the organisation will be weak. These organisations strengthen every activity from inside their organisations to the outside to keep their customers happy. They had strong bonds with their suppliers and their suppliers saw determination in how they operated. It was easy for these organisations to strategize because they knew exactly what their customers wanted. These organisations also knew very well everything about their competitors and were able to put forward defensive strategies to stay ahead.

5 4 3 3 1 2 5 3 0 1 4 5 00 4 4 0 1 5 3 00 3 1 0 5 5 1 0 3 4 2 0 3 5 4 00 6 2 0 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percentage

Knowledge of customer needs and user conditions Ability to pioneer in the market

Products are internationally planned from the begining Markets have a considerable

growth potential Fit of markets to the firm

resources Ability to search and find

potential markets Product unicqueness is

searched for Products have a large

application scope Products have technological

newness

Ability to search, develop and apply new knowldge

The firm is strongly R&D oriented

ST RAT EGY

Strongly agree Agree Do not know Disagree Strongly disagree

(Figure 12): Strategy

With regard to the ability to pioneer in the market, six companies responded positively with three strongly agreeing and other three companies agreeing. Schneider et al. (1996) strongly suggested that going first in the market was part of the innovative culture that had to do with taking calculated risk. In business terms this means that the company that goes first in the market have its facts straight concerning their products and have properly planned to comeback when other companies follow. Going first also shows that an organisation has capabilities to outdo its competitors.

The companies which took part in the study agreed that going first in the market was the best they could do. It gave their customers confidence that they could depend upon them. Going first is the same as making the statement that the company knows what is doing and has everything under control. Going first puts other organisations under pressure and leaves them with the question when they think of retaliating. The two companies that disagreed felt that they did not have any product of their own that they could put on the market since they only render a service to their customers (see graph 17 in appendix D). These six companies

in favour of going first in the markets demonstrated that they had better resources and capabilities to effectively support their customers.

Strategy as defined by Mintzberg (1975), Porter (1996), Thompson and Strickland IV (1993) is a road map that gives direction of where the organisation is going. All the organisations that participated in the survey showed a thorough understanding on strategy. These organisations were also able to plan ahead because they could see their way forward. For good strategy to work, management should know what kind of resources they have with view to meet the needs of their customers.