Implementación del Modelo Exacto
3.3. Implementación del Método Exacto para el ASTNSNP
for fruitful long-term public-private collaboration for
growth. The ability to track progress, identify success
stories, and prioritize growth agendas is essential for
galvanizing multiple stakeholders around structured
public-private dialogue that overcomes the constraints
of the political cycle and the short-term and special
interests of all parties. As the world embraces the Fourth
Industrial Revolution, Chapter 1.2 presents progress on
a modernized Global Competitiveness Index that will
continue to serve as the foremost benchmarking tool for
pro-competitive agenda building.
1.1: Findings from the Global Competitiveness Index
32 | The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017
NOTES
1 World Bank national accounts data (accessible at http:// data.worldbank.org/) and OECD National Accounts data files (accessible at http://www.oecd.org/std/na/).
2 Schwab 2016. 3 Eggertsson et al. 2016.
4 Bartley Johns et al. 2015; World Bank 2015.
5 More detailed results and historical performance for all economies and sortable rankings for all the components of the GCI, as well as a downloadable datasets can be found at http://gcr.weforum.org/. 6 When interpreting the data, it is important to keep in mind that
we consider economies with small changes in ranking of one or two places as stable because this small ranking change often reflects only small changes in score. This is the case in particular in the middle of the rankings, where economies’ scores are relatively close together and small changes in score can translate to relatively large changes in rank. Another key consideration is that the ranking is relative, so both score and rank need to be considered together when interpreting the results.
7 IMF 2016c.
8 Bustos 2011; Cassiman et al. 2010. 9 See http://www.globaltradealert.org/. 10 European Commission 2016c.
11 Calculated as the sum of total export of mineral resources of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, and Ukraine, divided by the sum of these countries’ total merchandise export. Data are sourced from the Trade Competitiveness Map database, Market Analysis and Research, International Trade Centre (ITC), available at http://legacy.intracen.org/marketanalysis/ TradeCompetitivenessMap.aspxITC trade map and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators available at http://data. worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators. 12 Both countries scored more than 2 percent higher than last year. 13 See World Bank 2016. In the World Bank’s classification,
Developing East Asia and Pacific comprises Cambodia, China,
Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, which are all covered in the GCI 2016–2017, as well as Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, and the Pacific Island countries.
14 For a discussion of China’s competitiveness challenges under the “new normal,” see Box 4 in Sala-i-Martín et al. 2015.
15 The middle-income trap defines a state in which an economy has lost its competitive edge in the exportation of manufactured goods because its wages have risen, but are unable yet to compete with more advanced economies in the high-value-added market. 16 IMF 2016b.
17 Quoted in IMF 2016a. 18 Data are for 2014. IMF 2016d. 19 IMF 2016b.
20 Cotton prices were around US$60 per pound at the beginning of 2016 and are now over US$70 per pound. Similarly, gold was quoted at US$1,000 per ounce at the beginning of the year and it has now passed the US$1,350 per ounce mark (Bloomberg commodities market quotation online, available at http://www. bloomberg.com/markets/commodities; prices were accessed on August 24, 2016).
21 From US$240 per pound in the Fall of 2015 to US$2,111 per pound today (Bloomberg commodities market quotation online, available at http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/commodities; prices were accessed on August 24, 2016).
22 Countries where the World Economic Forum is holding regional meetings are also included in this section.
23 Proctor et al. 2016.
24 See The Global Information Technology Report 2016 (World Economic Forum 2016a) where the Netherlands scores highly on social impact of digital innovation.
25 European Commission 2016c; van het Kaar 2014. 26 Marin et al. 2015.
27 OECD 2016b. 28 OECD 2016b.
29 Annual percentage change is from IMF projections in the World
Economic Outlook: Too Slow for Too Long (IMF 2016c).
30 IMF 2015.
31 The Executive Opinion Survey 2016 results for Hong Kong SAR were excluded. The results from the 2014 and 2015 editions of the Survey were used instead for the computation of the GCI. For more information, refer to Chapter 1.3 of this Report.
32 OECD 2016a.
33 European Commission 2016a.
34 For a discussion of China’s “new normal,” see Box 4 in Sala-i- Martín et al. 2015.
35 For a discussion of vulnerabilities of China’s financial sector, see Box 1.4 in The Global Risks Report (World Economic Forum 2016b).
36 The drop of 20 places in this pillar of the index is largely caused by the dramatic increase reported by the World Health Organization of tuberculosis incidence between 2013 and 2014.
37 IMF, Article IV 2016 Russian Federation Consultation. 38 OECD 2016c.
39 United Nations 2015.
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