La inclusión de los recursos sonoros

Overall, there were significantly more stress and less association behaviours observed at Timaru than at Lyttelton (Table 9: P = 0.001). No significant changes in neutral ehaviour were observed between seasons at Timaru (Table 11: P = 0.0643), whereas

lton exhibited more sa-sw behaviour in Season 1 but a decrease in the same ansitional behaviour in Season 2. This would mean a reduction in swimming with b

there were significantly fewer than expected occurrences of neutral behaviour in Season 2 (Table 10: P = 0.003) at Lyttelton. The higher occurrence of stress behaviours at Timaru may indicate that dolphins at Timaru are less willing to associate with the Caroline Cat than the Black Cat and that this did not change between seasons one and two. The result indicates that dolphin behaviour at Lyttelton varies more than at Timaru in relation to the display of neutral behaviour. However, there were no significant differences in stress or association behaviour in that these behaviours did not increase, indicating that the presence of the Black Cat over these two seasons did not result in an increase in stress, irrespective of the decline in neutral behaviour, suggesting that dolphins which may have exhibited avoidance behaviour in the presence of the Black Cat, did so prior to being able to observe them.

There were significant changes in certain transitional behaviours within the category stress for dolphins observed at Lyttelton (Table 12). There was more swimming away from the Black Cat exhibited during Season 1 and less than expected during Season 2, which may indicate habituation to the Black Cat over time. There were a greater number of transitional behaviours in the association category which changed at Lyttelton between seasons than there were at Timaru (Table 12). The dolphins at Lytte

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the Black Cat had occurred but as there were two other transitional behaviours which increased in Season 2, which included the behaviours bow riding, swimming with the boat and jumping, then this may indicate that, overall, dolphins continued to be

in Season 2 but no other change, indicating that dolphins at Timaru swam less often with the Caroline Cat in Season 2 than Season 1. The decrease in sa-sw was common to both sites in the same season.

For the category neutral behaviour, the dolphins at Lyttelton exhibited a change in behaviour from Season 1 to Season 2 (Table 12) exhibiting less than expected mping to swimming or porpoising in Season 2 (P =0.001). The dolphins at Timaru

econd behaviour (x-x) were combined in order to include those ehaviours at Timaru that would otherwise have had too low a value to be included in

ory for olphins in the presence of the Black Cat showed more than expected grouping,

occurrences of avoidance indicating that habituation may have taken lace. The dolphins at Timaru did not show any change in transitional behaviours and,

ort ju

exhibited no significant change in behaviour between seasons for any neutral transitional behaviour although there was a significant change overall (P = 0.041).

The transitional behaviours which were initially used on the basis of one behaviour moving on to a s

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analysis. This resulted in the transitional behaviours within the stress, association and neutral behaviour categories representing a sequence of behaviours which moved on to another sequence of behaviours ( x+x-x+x). The results from the x-x analysis were generally found to also be reflected by the new groupings. For example, in the new groupings an analysis on the transitional behaviours within the stress categ

d

swimming away, and short breath occurrences in Season 1 (Table 13) but less than expected swimming away occurrences in Season 2 (P = 0.001), whereas dolphins in the presence of the Caroline Cat showed no significant changes (P = 0.0539). This would indicate that dolphins during Season 1 at Lyttelton were avoiding the Black Cat and were stressed by its presence as reflected in more occurrences of grouping behaviour, short breaths and swimming away from the vessel. However, in Season 2 there are less

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therefore, stress levels can be argued to be unaffected by the presence of the Caroline Cat.

The association category showed that the dolphins at Lyttelton exhibited more association behaviours in Season 2 (P = 0.001) including the behaviours jumping, bow riding, short breaths, swimming to and with the Black Cat (Table 13). Sh

the context of the behaviour warrants, for example, exerting energy and bow riding will change breathing patterns to short breaths, hence short breaths, in context, can be ssociation behaviour. Likewise, short breaths whilst swimming away from a boat at spe avoidan groups The with th 0.001). Both th

Season 2 than Season 1 with an increase at both sites in swimming to and swimming ith the vessels.

a

ed indicates stress or avoidance behaviour and would be placed in the stress or ce behaviour group. Therefore, some individual behaviours overlap behaviour , but in context are correctly placed.

Timaru dolphins exhibited less than expected short breaths, swimming to and e Caroline Cat in Season 1 but more than expected in Season 2 (P =

e dolphins at Lyttelton and Timaru exhibited more association behaviours in

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This result is similar to the x-x results where Timaru resulted in less sa-sw during Season 2 (Table 12), but showed less s/p-st in the x+x-x+x results. Both represent a possible decrease in association behaviour in Season 2. However, the latter analysis also revealed more than expected swimming with the boat in Season 2, hence there is no real change in overall dolphin association behaviour with the Caroline Cat.

The neutral category showed that dolphins at Lyttelton exhibited less than expected jumping to swimming and porpoising in Season 1 (Table 13), but more than expected in Season 2 (P = 0.001) which is the opposite of the results found in the x-x analysis (Table 13). There are more than expected occurrences of s/p-m behaviour at Timaru in Season 2 (P = 0.014). For both sites there is an increase in observed occurrences of neutral behaviour, and this could indicate tolerance to both the Black Cat and the Caroline Cat.

The results for the Black Cat were generally consistent regardless of using an analysis based on x-x (Table 12) or x+x-x+x (Table 13) behaviour groupings, whereas the results for the Caroline Cat were generally quite different. When using the x-x transitional behaviour within the stress group a change was noted in swimming away from the Caroline Cat with an apparent decrease in swimming away in Season 2.

In trying to encompass as much transitional behaviour as possible it appears two things occurred:

1. That the transitional behaviours x-x were valuable in providing information

ple, in Timaru there were differences in behavioural transitions when ours, but no significant differences when looking at

te or population. This suggests that both e other as well as in comparison with each is will then provide an overall picture of any changes whether simple, for

as well as conduct an overall comparison about individual populations in isolation, and gave a clearer understanding of what is happening at a specific site and can assist in determining any changes within a specific population.

2. That combining more behaviours to give a sequence of behaviours to another sequence of behaviours (in order to have comparable data for analysis) resulted in gaining a clearer understanding about the overall changes between different sites.

For exam

looking at specific x-x behavi

group transitions x+x-x+x. It may be possible that using transitional behaviour data from one site may not adequately reflect changes in behaviour when used at another site, especially where results for determining stress are sought in order to provide management or conservation advice. It appears that tests on each individual site independent of any other are required using the x-x transitional behaviour which will determine any changes within a specific population. The transitional behaviours which are common to both sites and, therefore, can be combined into a x+x-x+x type analysis appear to reveal overall changes between populations but not subtle changes, which may be individual to the specific si

sites need to be studied independently of th other. Th

example changes in behaviour from x-x, or to more complex x+x-x+x.

The group transitions appear to provide information regarding the overall changes between sites which are only possible with comparable data, that is, comparison of behaviours which are common to both sites. The group transitions were therefore employed in the rest of the study. In view of this, it may therefore be beneficial to undertake individual isolated observations at each site of interest, providing site specific information for wildlife populations

3.7.2 Count Data: Negative and Positive Stress, Association and