• No se han encontrado resultados

y Ciencias Sociales Unidad 2

INDICADORES DE EVALUACIÓN

1. Tansel, B. From electronic consumer products to e-wastes: global outlook, waste quantities, recycling challenges. Environ. Int. 98, 35–45 (2009).

2. Widmer, R., Oswald-Krapf, H., Sinha-Khetriwal, D., Schnellmann, M. & Böni, H. Global perspectives on e-waste. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25, 436–458 (2005).

3. Baldé, C. P., Forti, V., Kuehr, R. & Stegmann, P. The global e-waste monitor - 2017. (2017).

4. Cui, J. & Forssberg, E. Characterization of shredded television scrap and implications for materials recovery. Waste Manag. 27, 415–424 (2007).

5. Cucchiella, F., Adamo, I. D., Koh, S. C. L. & Rosa, P. Recycling of WEEEs : An

economic assessment of present and future e-waste streams. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 51, 263–272 (2015).

6. Robinson, B. H. E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Sci. Total Environ. 408, 183–91 (2009).

7. Mueller, S. R., Wäger, P. A., Widmer, R. & Williams, I. D. A geological reconnaissance of electrical and electronic waste as a source for rare earth metals. Waste Manag. 45, 226–234 (2015).

8. Zeng, X., Mathews, J. A. & Li, J. Urban mining of E-waste is becoming more cost- effective than virgin mining. Environmental Sci. Technol. 52, 4835–4841 (2018). 9. United Nations Environment Programme. Basel Convention on the control of

transboundary movements of hazardous wastes protocol on liability and compensation. 120 (2014).

10. Balde, C. P., Forti, V., Gray, V., Kuehr, R. & Stegmann, P. The Global E-waste Monitor 2017. The Global E-waste Monitor (2017).

11. Lundgren, K. The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge. International Labour Office (2012).

12. Wang, F. et al. The Best-of-2-Worlds philosophy: Developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies. Waste Manag. 32, 2134–2146 (2012).

13. Perkins, D. N., Brune Drisse, M.-N., Nxele, T. & Sly, P. D. E-waste: a global hazard. Ann. Glob. Heal. 80, 286–95 (2014).

14. Zheng, J. et al. Disruption of thyroid hormone (TH) levels and TH-regulated gene expression by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hydroxylated PCBs in e-waste recycling workers. Environ. Int. (2017). doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.009

15. Wong, M. H. et al. Export of toxic chemicals - a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environ. Pollut. 149, 131–40 (2007).

16. Sthiannopkao, S. & Wong, M. H. Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences. Sci. Total Environ. 463–464, 1147– 1153 (2013).

17. Heacock, M. et al. E-Waste and Harm to Vulnerable Populations: A Growing Global Problem. Environ. Health Perspect. 550, 550–555 (2015).

18. Song, Q. & Li, J. Environmental effects of heavy metals derived from the e-waste

recycling activities in China: A systematic review. Waste Manag. 34, 2587–2594 (2014). 19. Wu, Q. et al. Heavy metal contamination of soil and water in the vicinity of an

abandoned e-waste recycling site: Implications for dissemination of heavy metals. Sci. Total Environ. 506–507, 217–225 (2015).

20. Zheng, J. et al. Heavy metals in food, house dust, and water from an e-waste recycling area in South China and the potential risk to human health. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 96, 205–212 (2013).

21. Zeng, X., Xu, X., Boezen, H. M. & Huo, X. Children with health impairments by heavy metals in an e-waste recycling area. Chemosphere 148, 408–15 (2016).

22. Iqbal, M. et al. Emerging issue of e-waste in Pakistan: A review of status, research needs and data gaps. Environ. Pollut. 207, 308–318 (2015).

23. Web of Science. Citation report for ‘e-waste’ search Available at: https://wcs- webofknowledge-

com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/RA/analyze.do?product=WOS&SID=5C9mQOrTvnbRCkeZLt 5&field=TASCA_JCRCategories_JCRCategories_en&yearSort=false. (Accessed: 16th December 2018)

24. Centers fo Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) & National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH). What is Total Worker Health. Available at:

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/twh/totalhealth.html. (Accessed: 30th October 2018) 25. Schill, A. L. & Chosewood, L. C. The NIOSH Total Worker HealthTM program: an

26. 26. Zhao, G. F., Zhou, H. D. & Wang, Z. J. Concentrations of selected heavy metals in food from four e-waste disassembly localities and daily intake by local residents. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. Part A Toxic/Hazardous Subst. Environ. Eng. 45, 824–835 (2010). 27. Yekeen, T. A. et al. Assessment of health risk of trace metal pollution in surface soil and

road dust from e-waste recycling area in China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23, 17511– 17524 (2016).

28. Wu, Y. et al. Tetrabromobisphenol A and heavy metal exposure via dust ingestion in an e-waste recycling region in Southeast China. Sci. Total Environ. 541, 356–364 (2016). 29. Simmons, R. W., Pongsakul, P., Saiyasitpanich, D. & Klinphoklap, S. Elevated levels of

ladmium and zinc in paddy soils and elevated levels of cadmium in rice grain downstream of a zinc mineralized area in Thailand: Implications for public health. Environ. Geochem. Health 27, 501–511 (2005).

30. Lau, W. K. Y., Liang, P., Man, Y. B., Chung, S. S. & Wong, M. H. Human health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 21, 3813–25 (2014).

31. ATSDR. Toxic Guide for Lead. (2007).

32. Noguchi, T. et al. Exposure assessment of lead to workers and children in the battery recycling craft village, Dong Mai, Vietnam. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 16, 46–51 (2014).

33. Dartey, E. et al. Essential and non-essential trace elements among working populations in Ghana. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 44, 279–287 (2017).

34. Julander, A. et al. Formal recycling of e-waste leads to increased exposure to toxic metals: an occupational exposure study from Sweden. Environ. Int. 73, 243–51 (2014). 35. Asante, K. A. et al. Multi-trace element levels and arsenic speciation in urine of e-waste

recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Accra in Ghana. Sci. Total Environ. 424, 63–73 (2012).

36. Srigboh, R. K. et al. Multiple elemental exposures amongst workers at the electronic waste (e-waste) site in Ghana. Chemosphere 164, 68–74 (2016).

37. Wang, T. et al. Use of scalp hair as indicator of human exposure to heavy metals in an electronic waste recycling area. Environ. Pollut. 157, 2445–2451 (2009).

38. Schecter, A. et al. Biomonitoring of metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers,

polychlorinated biphenyls, persistent pesticides in Vietnamese female electronic waste recyclers. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 60, (2017).

39. Ni, W. et al. Hair mercury concentrations and associated factors in an electronic waste recycling area, Guiyu, China. Environ. Res. 128, 84–91 (2014).

40. White, E. Design and interpretation of studies of differential exposure measurement error. Am. J. Epidemiol. 157, 380–387 (2003).

41. Wang, F., Zhao, Y., Zhang, T., Duan, C. & Wang, L. Mineralogical analysis of dust collected from typical recycling line of waste printed circuit boards. Waste Manag. 43, 434–441 (2015).

42. Lau, W. K. Y., Liange, P., Man, Y. B., Chung, S. S. & Wong, M. H. Human health risk assessment based on trace metals in suspended air particulates, surface dust, and floor dust from e-waste recycling workshops in Hong Kong, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21, 3813–3825 (2014).

43. Huo, X. et al. Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China. Environ. Health Perspect. 115, 1113–1117 (2007).

44. Pinto, V. N. E-waste hazard: The impending challenge. Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med. 12, 65–70 (2008).

45. Asampong, E. et al. Health seeking behaviours among electronic waste workers in Ghana. BMC Public Health 15, 1065 (2015).

46. Akormedi, M., Asampong, E. & Fobil, J. N. Working conditions and environmental exposures among electronic waste workers in Ghana. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 19, 278–286 (2013).

47. Ohajinwa, C. M. et al. Prevalence and injury patterns among electronic waste workers in the informal sector in Nigeria. Inj. Prev. 24, 185–192 (2018).

48. Schmidt, C. W. Unfair trade: e-waste in Africa. Environ. Heal. Perspect. 114, 232–235 (2006).

49. Chi, X., Streicher-Porte, M., Wang, M. Y. L. & Reuter, M. A. Informal electronic waste recycling: A sector review with special focus on China. Waste Manag. 31, 731–742 (2011).

50. Hischier, R., Wäger, P. & Gauglhofer, J. Does WEEE recycling make sense from an environmental perspective? The environmental impacts of the Swiss take-back and recycling systems for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 25, 525–539 (2005).

51. Stenvall, E., Tostar, S., Boldizar, A., Foreman, M. R. S. J. & Möller, K. An analysis of the composition and metal contamination of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Waste Manag. 33, 915–922 (2013).

52. Balde, C. P. et al. E-waste statistics: Guidelines on classifications, reporting and indicators. United Nations University IAS - SCYCLE (2015).

53. Davis, J. M., Akese, G. & Garb, Y. Beyond the pollution haven hypothesis: Where and why do e-waste hubs emerge and what does this mean for policies and interventions? Geoforum 1–10 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.020

54. Scheinberg et. al. The Economics of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management: Economic Aspects of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management. GTZ and CWG, Eschborn, Germany. (2010).

55. Davis, J. M. & Garb, Y. A model for partnering with the informal e-waste industry: Rationale, principles and a case study. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 105, 73–83 (2015).

17