6. する (exception) - to do 7. それ - that
8. 話【はなし】- story
You can say that something has a possibility of existing by combining 「ある」 and the verb 「得る」 to produce 「あり得る」. This essentially means 「あることができる」 except that nobody actually says that, they just use 「あり得る」. This verb is very curious in that it can be read as either 「ありうる」 or 「ありえる」, however; all the other conjugations such as 「ありえない」、「ありえた」、and 「あ りえなかった」 only have one possible reading using 「え」.
Examples
1. そんなことはありうる。
That kind of situation/event is possible (lit: can exist). 2. そんなことはありえる。
That kind of situation/event is possible (lit: can exist). 3. そんなことはありえない。
That kind of situation/event is not possible (lit: cannot exist). 4. 彼が寝坊したこともありうるね。
It's also possible that he overslept. (lit: The event that he overslept also possibly exists.) 5. それは、ありえない話だよ。
That's an impossible story/scenario. (lit: That story/scenario cannot exist.)
4.7
Using する and なる with the に particle （〜 [よう]にな
る／する）
We can use the verbs 「する」 and 「なる」 in conjunction with the 「に」 particle to make various useful expressions. We are used to using the object particle with 「する」 because something is usually done to something else. We will see how the meaning changes when we change the particle to 「に」. As for 「なる」, it is always used with the 「に」 particle because "becoming" is not an action done to something else but rather a target of change. The only grammatical point of interest here is using 「な る」 with i-adjectives and verbs.
4.7.1
Using 「なる」 and 「する」 for nouns and na-adjectives
VocabularyCHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR 4.7. USING する AND なる WITH THE に PARTICLE 2. ⽇本語【に・ほん・ご】- Japanese (language) 3. 上⼿【じょう・ず】(na-adj) - skillful 4. なる (u-verb) - to become 5. 私【わたし】- me, myself, I 6. 医者【い・しゃ】- doctor 7. 有名【ゆう・めい】(na-adj) - famous 8. ⼈【ひと】- person 9. ハンバーガー- hamburger 10. サラダ - salad 11. する (exception) - to do 12. 他【ほか】- other 13. いい (i-adj) - good 14. 物【もの】- object 15. たくさん - a lot (amount)
16. ある (u-verb) - to exist (inanimate) 17. やはり／やっぱり - as I thought 18. これ - this
As already explained, using 「なる」 with nouns and na-adjectives presents nothing new and acts pretty much the way you'd expect.
1. 彼の⽇本語が上⼿になった。 His Japanese has become skillful. 2. 私は医者になった。
I became a doctor. 3. 私は有名な⼈になる。
I will become a famous person.
For adjectives, using the verb 「する」 with the 「に」 particle is just a review back to the lesson on adverbs. However, for nouns, when you use the verb 「する」 with the 「に」 particle, it means that you are going to do things toward something. This changes the meaning of 「する」 to mean, "to decide on [X]". This is a common expression to use, for instance, when you are ordering items on a menu.
4.7. USING する AND なる WITH THE に PARTICLE CHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR
2. 他にいいものがたくさんあるけど、やっぱりこれにする。
There are a lot of other good things, but as I thought, I'll go with this one.
If you think this expression is strange, think about the English expression, "I'll go with the hamburger." Exactly where are you going with the hamburger?
4.7.2
Using 「なる」 with i-adjectives
Vocabulary1. 去年【きょ・ねん】- last year 2. 〜から (particle) - from 〜 3. 背【せ】- height
4. ⾼い【たか・い】(i-adj) - high; tall; expensive 5. なる (u-verb) - to become 6. 運動【うん・どう】- exercise 7. する (exception) - to do 8. 〜から (particle) - 〜 so 9. 強い【つよ・い】(i-adj) - strong 10. 勉強【べん・きょう】- study 11. たくさん - a lot (amount) 12. 頭【あたま】- head 13. いい (i-adj) - good
Because the 「に」 particle is a target particle that is used for nouns and by extension na-adjectives, we need to use something else to show that something is becoming an i-adjective. Since "becoming" expresses a change in state, it makes sense to describe this process using an adverb. In fact, you'll notice that we were already using adverbs (of a sort) in the previous section by using 「に」 with na-adjectives.
1. 去年から背が⾼くなったね。
Your height has gotten taller from last year, huh? 2. 運動しているから、強くなる。
I will become stronger because I am exercising. 3. 勉強をたくさんしたから、頭がよくなった。
CHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR 4.7. USING する AND なる WITH THE に PARTICLE
4.7.3
Using 「なる」 and 「する」 with verbs
Vocabulary 1. 海外【かい・がい】- overseas 2. ⾏く【い・く】(u-verb) - to go 3. こと - event, matter 4. なる (u-verb) - to become 5. 毎⽇【まい・にち】- everyday 6. ⾁【にく】- meat 7. ⾷べる【た・べる】(ru-verb) - to eat 8. する (exception) - to do 9. ⽇本【に・ほん】- Japan 10. 来る【く・る】(exception) - to come 11. 寿司【すし】- sushi 12. ⼀年間【いち・ねん・かん】- span of 1 year 13. 練習【れん・しゅう】- practice 14. ピアノ - piano15. 弾く【ひ・く】(u-verb) - to play (piano, guitar) 16. 地下【ち・か】- underground
17. ⼊る【はい・る】(u-verb) - to enter 18. 富⼠⼭【ふ・じ・さん】- Mt. Fuji
19. ⾒える【み・える】(ru-verb) - to be visible
You may be wondering how to use 「なる」 and 「する」 with verbs since there's no way to directly modify a verb with another verb. The simple solution is to add a generic noun such as a generic event: こと (事) or an appearance/manner: よう (様). These nouns don't refer to anything specific and are used to describe something else. In this case, they allow us to describe verbs in the same manner as nouns. Here are some examples of how to use these generic nouns with 「する」 and 「なる」.
1. 海外に⾏くことになった。
It's been decided that I will go abroad. (lit: It became the event of going abroad.) 2. 毎⽇、⾁を⾷べるようになった。