Integridad del Equipo de Proceso

The high viscosity of the jatropha oil was decreased by preheating the fuel. Heating method used to reduce viscosity has been able to solve the problems in the operation of the diesel engine.

The temperature range at 30°C–110°C was measured at different temperatures to the Viscosity of Jatropha oil. Viscosity of Jatropha oil decreases with increasing temperature from at 30°C to 110°C. The standard value at American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) limit of viscosity for C.I. Engine fuels is 6 cSt. The viscosity reading of Jatropha oil was found to be 5.9 cSt at 105°C. Therefore, the fuel should be heated to 105°C in order to bring its viscosity within the ASTM limit. The viscosity of diesel was 2.44 cSt at 40°C which is well within the ASTM limit. The test results cover the effect of increasing fuel inlet temperature on the viscosity of neat jatropha oil and its performance in a single cylinder unmodified diesel engine. The upper limit of fuel inlet temperature tested was 110°C. According to the test results showed in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1: Effect of temperature on viscosity of jatropa oil (Nasim et al., 2013)

The result at figure 2.2 present the value of brake specific fuel consumption at inlet temperature load is higher at initial situation especially the preheat 70°C and 110°C condition. After increasing load on the engine, the value of brake specific fuel consumption decreased as the load increased, and then it reaches the value to that of a diesel fuel operation. It was observed at all loading conditions. The highest value of BSFC is the pre heat 110°C condition.

Figure 2.2: Variation of Specific Fuel Consumption with load at elevated fuel inlet temperatures (Nasim et al., 2013)

The investigate the Performance and Emissions of Preheated Biodiesel on a Compression Ignition (CI) Engines are discussed (Norrizal Mustaffa et al., 2014). Figure 2.3 shown performances of preheated 5% biodiesel at 50% and 100% of load conditions. The performance is tested of the brake power, flywheel torque and torque. Three temperatures (40oC, 50oC and 60oC) were preheating the B5 fuel. At 50% load shown the value brake power increase slightly condition. Hence, the fly wheel and torque were increase as the load increase. The brake power increases higher after the increasing the 100% load conditions. The preheat temperature seems not strongly influence the brake power produced at both load conditions.

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Generally, B5 preheat create higher value of the flywheel torque and torque compared to diesel fuel on the engine speed virtually any load condition. However, preheat temperatures are not expected to be affected by the performance of the generated pattern. From the graph at figure 2.4 present the emission of preheat B5 at two different load conditions. The result of CO emission were does not show difference pattern of graph at 50% and 100% load condition. The increasing of temperature seems not affected to the reducing of CO produced.

From the CO2 result, its seem difference situation. CO2 increase when the speed were value increase and also increase at 100% load condition. The preheat biodiesel give positive effect that opacity result. The biodiesel preheat value (P40 B5, P50 B5 and P60 B5) of opacity as lower reading compare to NB5. The NOx emission results shown the highest at 2000 rpm engine speed for 50% load and 100% load condition. The preheat B5 produced higher NOx compared to unheated B5 and diesel fuel. The increasing fuel temperature is a major contributor to the increase NOx.

Figure 2.3: Performance of preheat B5 at two different load conditions (Norrizal Mustaffa et al., 2014)

Figure 2.4: Emission of preheat B5 at two different load conditions. (Norrizal Mustaffa et al., 2014)

The graph 2.5 showed the effect preheating B5 biodiesel (CPO) and SVO (S5) Blend with different load condition on performance. The effects of preheat fuel on were investigated at the and B5 without preheat (NB5), B5 with preheat (PB5), SVO without preheat (NS5) and SVO with preheat (PS5) base standard diesel (ND). The performance of brake power is slightly changes with the both load condition. The flywheel value is difference situation at 50% load condition. The performance of torque is produce at high load condition (Khalid et al., 2014)

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