CAPÍTULO 2: ELEMENTOS DEL GÉNERO POLICIACO EN LINDA 67
2.3 Intertextualidad en la novela
CONVERGE CEN DBMS DFD DRIVE-I DRIVE-II EDI ExtIF ICT IF IntIF JSD KISS OMT SSADM TC278/WG2
Advanced Transport & Telematics (DRIVE-II) EC-project aimed at standardisation issues European Committee for Standardization Data Base Management System
Data Flow Diagram
Dedicated Road Infrastructure and Vehicle safety in Europe
See ATT
Electronic Data Interchange External Information Flow Inter City Trucks
Information Flow
Internal Information Flow Jackson Systems Development Keep It Simple, Stupid! Object Modelling Technique
Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology
Technical Committee 278 (Road Transport and Traffic Telematics) Working Group 2 (Freight & Fleet Management Systems)
Annex A1
A1
Terminology
Experience from the work within the INTACT project, as well as other international projects, shows that there are large differences in interpretation of keywords. This often leads to misunderstandings and communication problems within the industry, especially where systems designers are involved. Therefore a standardised set of the terms is a very important issue. The CEN/TC 278/WG 2 has made good progress in defining many of terms which are presented in this annex. The terminology used in this report has followed the definitions wherever possible. The list below also includes terms that are not provided by the CEN document.
The terms with their definitions are arranged alphabetically. They have been classified into different categories, to facilitate the understanding of the terms and for possible future presentation of their relationships. The letter in the middle column of the table indicates to which category the terms have been allocated.
Letter B: Basic terms Letter F: Functions
Letter M: Other terms related to Freight Fleet Management Systems Letter T: Terms related to telematics technology
Sources other than the CEN WG 2 are given in parentheses after the definition. As a rule, the definitions given by the ELA (European Logistics Association), in their publication “Terminology in Logistics, 1994” are used wherever they have been found adequate. These are also reproduced by CEN/TC 273, Logistics. “Based on ELA” is used to indicate minor modifications from ELA. Also EDIFACT Directories have been consulted as another valuable source.
Term Definition
Accident B Sudden, un-predicted event which adversely affects the state of a vehicle and/or its occupants (ISO 6813)
Agent B A person or organisation authorised to act for or on behalf of another person or organisation. (ELA)
Air interface T Data transmission link between a vehicle antenna and the antenna of a terrestrial base station or a satellite.
Arrival notice F See Delivery notice
Article M A countable physical object, normally given an article number as a key to further information about it.
Automatic emergency call F An automatically generated data message from vehicle to operating centre to indicate an emergency situation, triggered by sensors.
Availability % B The probability that a unit at a random point in time within a given time interval is in at least a certain degree of preparedness to function or functioning under given running, environmental and maintenance conditions. (ISO)
Brake pressure B The available pressure in a vehicle's air braking system.
Bulk material M Goods of non countable character, for which volume or weight (mass) must be stated to define its quantity.
Cargo B Goods transported or to be transported. (ELA)
Cargo identity M Unique designation for the physical units of a goods item. It is often carried on a goods label, e.g. carrying a bar-code, affixed to the units.
Cargo monitoring F Recording of data related to the cargo status, e.g. position, humidity, temperature Carrier M The party undertaking transport of goods from one point to another. (ELA) Combined transport B The movement of goods in one and the same loading unit which uses more than
one mode of transport without handling the goods itself in changing modes (Based on ELA: intermodal transport)
Communication link T A technical system that allows voice and/or data communication between individuals or systems at different locations, or mobile.
Communication processor T A computer, as part of a communication link, enabling data communication, e.g. from a vehicle to operating center or vice versa.
Consignee M The party such as mentioned in the transport document by whom the goods, cargo or containers are to be received and accepted (based on ELA)
Consignment M A goods item or collection of goods items (to be) transported from one or many despatch locations to one or many delivery locations for one consignor to one consignee under the terms of one contract of carriage (EDIFACT)
Consignment value M Total value in monetary terms of consignment.
Consignment volume M Total volume of consignment including equipment and packaging, in stated units. (preferred: m³)
Consignment weight M Total weight of consignment including equipment and packaging, in stated units (preferred: kg)
Consignor / Shipper M An individual or organisation that prepares a bill of lading by which a carrier is directed to transport goods from one location to another. (based on ELA) Consolidation B (In transport) The grouping together of smaller consignments of goods into a large
consignment for carriage as a larger unit in order to obtain a reduced rate. (ELA) Contract M A legally binding agreement between two parties in which the specific titles,
rights, commitments and obligations of both parties are defined. (ELA) Contractor B An individual or organisation that undertakes to perform certain tasks stipulated
in a contract.
Cost of vehicle per km M The sum of all the necessary sacrifices associated with the operations of a vehicle, expressed in terms of money and at current value pre- or post-calculated over the total anticipated/recorded distance travelled during a calculation period. Dangerous goods M Goods which by their nature are dangerous (e.g. explosive, toxic)
Delivery location M Location of consignee or other address, where goods are unloaded, according to consignment note or other instructions.
Delivery notice F A message ending a logistical activity by stating the result, e.g. "cargo delivered at destination requested" Delivery time/date - actual - estimated - requested M
Date/time on which goods or consignment are delivered at their destination. (code 35 in CL 2005)
Date and/or time when the shipper of the goods expects delivery will take place. (code 17 in CL 2005)
Date on which buyer requests goods to be delivered. (code 10 in CL 2005) (EDIFACT TRCL 92.1)
Dispatcher M A person who performs the detailed allocation and subsequent control of transport resources to individual transport orders.
Distance travelled M The distance actually travelled during the current or stated trip.
Driver identity M Driver name and unique designation, e.g. personal identity number (PIN) or social security number.
Driver's licence M Document proving permission to drive motor vehicle (issued by public authority). (Nordic administrative handbook)
Driving hour monitoring Monitoring of compliance with regulations regarding driving, working and rest hours
Driving time (loaded, empty) M Duration of driver's current driving period. EDI (Electronic Data
Interchange)
B (General) The transfer of structured data in electronic form between computer systems in separate organisations (Alternative)
Emergency call F Call via telephone from vehicle to operating center to verbally report on an emergency situation.
Equipment M (In transport) Material resources necessary to facilitate the transport and handling of cargo. Transport equipment does under the given circumstances not have the ability to move by its own propulsion. E.g. Sea container, trailer, unit load device, pallet. (ELA)
Equipment of vehicle, - loading/unloading
M Mechanical devices mounted on vehicle to enable loading/unloading, e.g. crane, derricks, rear lift platform
Equipment of vehicle, - communication
M See On board communication equipment
Event T (In systems) Change of state in the world external to the system, which can trigger an action in the system
Term Definition
Fleet B All the vehicles, including drivers, at the disposal of one unit of (business or operation) management for performing the business or operation.
Fleet business transactions F Inquiry aquisition, offer calculation and submission, contract settlement, invoicing and payments.
Fleet maintenance management F Vehicle data compilation and analysis, maintenance planning, material planning, maintenance ordering and evaluation.
Fleet management F Planning, monitoring, controlling and evaluating the movements and operations of a vehicle fleet.
Fleet monitoring F Function of following the location and status of the various vehicles in the fleet. (ELA)
Fleet operation control F Fleet monitoring, provision of special route guidance, traffic information, changes of tasks and route instructions; consignment or passenger pick-up/delivery instructions; trip, cargo, vehicle and driver status monitoring, vehicle/cargo tracking/tracing; break-down remedy support.
Fleet operation evaluation F Monitoring and analysis of vehicle fleet and driver staff cost and performance Fleet operation planning and
preparation
F Scheduling of vehicles and drivers, preparation, up-dating, checking and transfering of documents, task assignment, load planning, operational route planning, provision of third party information.
Formatted message B A set of operational information to be transferred between different parties, formatted according to specific rules, e.g. EDIFACT standards
Forwarder M The party arranging the carriage of goods including connected services and/or associated formalities on behalf of a shipper or consignee. (ELA)
Freight B 1. Goods in transport from one location to another.
2. The amount of money due for the carriage of goods and payable either in advance or upon delivery.
3. The revenue earned from the movement of cargo. (ELA)
Freight and fleet management F The combined activities of freight management and fleet management
Freight business transaction F Handling of market inquiries, offer and supplier evaluation, contract settlements including just-in-time requirements, invoicing and payments
Freight centre B See Transport centre
Freight invoice M The carrier's invoice for transportation charges applicable to a freight shipment. (ELA: Freight bill)
Freight management F A set of activities related to the logistics chain from the supplier to the receiver of goods with the associated information and transaction flow
Freight operation control F Cargo tracking, shipment and transport status monitoring and reception of delivery information
Freight operation evaluation F Cost and performance analysis and elaboration of freight statistics Freight operation planning and
preparation
F Preparation of transport documents, such as transport orders, customs declarations, dangerous goods declarations and notices of dispatch Fuel consumed M The volume of fuel actually consumed during the current or stated trip. Fuel consumption B The volume rate of fuel consumption under current load conditions. Functional message B A set of operational information to be transferred between different parties,
including vehicle and dispatch center.
Goods accompanying document M Any document accompanying the goods needed for procedures related to the movement of the goods.
Goods item M A separately identifiable quantity of goods, which is recognized for some period of time as a subject of actual or potential handling.
Goods label M Form or document for marking, addressing, etc., may be marking label, address label, etc. (SS 61 30 01)
Groupage B (In road transport) The collection of several small consignments and the formation of one large shipment thereof. (ELA)
Hazardous Goods M Goods which by its nature is dangerous and/or which is overweight or oversize with respect to transportation and for which special regulations apply
Hazardous goods monitoring (HGM)
F A set of activities by authorities to monitor and control the transportation of hazardous goods.
Hazardous goods communication F Actual real-time reporting of status and location as requested, directly from vehicle to traffic control centre, or indirectly via fleet management centre, and receipt of instructions from fleet management or traffic control centre. Hazardous goods operation
management
F Haulier and driver activities, related to the proper handling of hazardous goods transport, including the associated information flow
Hazardous goods route planning F Activity of creating a route plan taking into account the restrictions related to the cargo and if required obtaining an authorisation from responsible authorities Intermodal change planning and
preparation
F Selecting transport modes and providing necessary booking.
Intermodal transport B Transport where a part of the journey is by rail, inland waterway or sea and any intermediate parts are carried out by road (Based on ELA: combined transport) Intermodal Transport Unit (ITU
or UTI)
B Containers, swap bodies or semi-trailers suitable for intermodal transport Journey M The movement of a particular consignment from the consignor to the consignee. Level of service (of road traffic) B A qualitative measure describing traffic flowing conditions and their perception
by motorists and passengers (CEN/TC 278/WG 8)
Load factor / utilisation M The quotient of the actual load of a transport resource (group of transport resources) and the available capacity during a particular period.
It indicates the extent to which the capacity is used during a particular period. (Based on ELA)
Loading / unloading duration M The time period planned or actual for loading/unloading. Loading location M A location for loading goods.
Loading time/date - actual - estimated - requested
M The point in time when loading is planned to start or actually started.
Date/time at which the cargo is picked up. (EDIFACT TRCL 92.1 code 200 Pick- up/collection date/time of cargo, in CL 2005)
Date/time when the shipper of the goods expects to start loading Date on which principal requests goods to be loaded.
Logistical activity M Abstract concept binding together a goods item and the operations performed on it. It can be given an identity to which messages, related to it, can refer. Logistics B The planning, execution and control
- of the movement and placement of people and/or goods,
- and the supporting activities related to such movement and placements, within a system organised to achieve specific objectives. (CEN/TC 273)
Maintenance B The combination of all technical and corresponding administrative actions intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform its required function (stated condition).(ELA)
Manifest B (in transport) Document which lists complete specifications of the goods loaded for transport to various destinations by a vessel or other means of transport. As a rule cargo manifests are drawn up by the agents in the ports of loading and are based upon the Bills of Lading.
Note: For shipping a manifest represents a cumulation of bills of lading for official and administrative purposes. (ELA)
Maximum load of vehicle M The maximum weight (mass) of goods which can be loaded into a means of transport.
Maximum volume capacity of vehicle
M The maximum volume of goods (in m3) which can be loaded into a means of transport.
Means of transport M A self-propelled vehicle, e.g. ship, air-plane or lorry, designed or extra equipped to transport the relevant cargo.
Mobile EDI B Exchange of EDI messages to and from a portable or on-board computer, moving or not, with minimum human intervention during an application to application process.
Mobile station T Radio terminal for speech and/or data communication in a vehicle. Multi-modal transport B The carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport (ELA) Number of packages M Number of packages (content and packing) included in a goods item. On board communication
equipment
T Radio or infrared communication equipment enabling voice and/or data communication between the vehicle, stationary or in motion, and fixed stations. On board computer T A computer mounted in the vehicle, enabling data acquisition, storage,
processing, printing and/or communication in the vehicle
On board peripherals T Sensors and actuators or other data equipment connected to the on board computer.
Package/Parcel M 1. Any physical piece of cargo in relation to transport consisting of the contents and its packing for the purpose of ease of handling by manual or mechanical means.
2. The final product of the packing operation consisting of the packing and its contents to facilitate manual or mechanical handling (ELA)
Party M Generic term for the different actors involved in a logistical activity. Pick-up address M See Loading location.
Term Definition Pick-up date M See Loading time/date
Place of arrival B A port, airport or other location at which a means of transport is scheduled to arrive or has arrived.
Place of delivery M See Delivery location
Place of departure M A port, airport or other location from which a means of transport is scheduled to depart or has departed. (ELA)
Polling T The process whereby data stations are invited one at a time to transmit. Polling frequency T Periodicity by which a data acquisition system requests data from one specific
data source.
Position determination B Autonomous or assisted determination of a vehicle position with reference to a given co-ordinate system.
Position of vehicle M See Vehicle position
Principal B An individual or organisation that requests certain tasks to be performed (by a contractor) against a relevant form of remuneration, when relevant stipulated in a contract.
Road transport vehicle B (Truck, in road transport: Class of automotive vehicles of various sizes and designs for transporting goods.)
(Lorry: Motor truck used for the transport of goods.)
Road works B Highway maintenance activities which may potentially affect traffic operations (CEN/TC 278/WG 8)
Road plan M See: Route plan
Route plan M The path to be taken to get from a starting point to a point of destination or to supplement a trip plan.
Shipment M A separately identifiable collection of one or more goods items (available to be) transported together from a consignor to a consignee. (Often synonymous with Consignment.)
Shipper M See: Consignor.
Shipping instructions / Consignment instructions
M Instructions from the seller/consignor or the buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder, carrier or his agent, or other provider of a service, enabling the movement of goods and associated activities. The following functions can be covered:
- Movement and handling of goods (shipping, forwarding, stowage) - Customs formalities
- Distribution of documents
- Allocation of documents (freight and charges for the connected operations) - Special instructions (insurance, dangerous goods, goods release, additional documents required). (ELA)
Status M Condition of object, person or process at one point in time.
Status event M An event that affected the object, person or process so it arrived at its current status.
Status reason M An additional piece of information on status event, explaining why the current status was arrived at.
Terms of delivery B (General) All the conditions agreed upon between a supplier and a customer with regard to the delivery of goods and/or services. (ELA)
Time of delivery M See Delivery time/date
Time of departure M Time of actual departure from a stated location.
Tour M The totality of trips to be made by a vehicle in one assignment, normally ending at the point of departure
Tour plan M A list of trips to be made in a stated (planned) period of time. It states the visits to be made for loading/ unloading and may include route plan.
Tracing F Activity, at request, of finding and reconstructing the transport history of a given consignment, vehicle, equipment, package, cargo.
Tracking F Activity of systematically monitoring and recording the present location and status of a given consignment, vehicle, equipment, package, cargo.
Transport centre B The premises and the facilities, related to freight transport services, e.g. facilities for transhipment, serving a number of transport companies. A transport centre is often owned and operated by several of the companies being served.
Transport combination M A complete unit for the provision of transport services, i.e. Means of transport, Equipment and Driver.
Transport document M A document needed for procedures related to the transportation (movement) of goods. (ELA)
Transport invoice M See Freight invoice.
Transport order M A Shipping (Consignment) instruction or the task definition given by a dispatcher to a driver.
Transport service provider B A generic term for an actor in transport links of the logistic chain, e.g. carrier, forwarder, agent.
Trip M A planned execution of one or more transport orders, from (a visit at) a loading location to (a visit at) an unloading location or to another loading location. Tyre status M A value, indicating the remaining expected life of the set of tyres of the vehicle.
UTI B See Intermodal Transport Unit
Vehicle and cargo management F A set of activities related to the management of individual vehicles and their cargo.
Vehicle area network T Communication system within a vehicle allowing data transfer, acquisition and storage, between various devices.
Vehicle identity M Unique designation for a vehicle, e.g. licence plate number, chassis number, internal fleet number.
Vehicle management F Management of an individual vehicle in a fleet, considered as a production tool to be combined in fleet management:
- maintenance - availability - status - costs
Vehicle monitoring F Beyond the contribution to fleet monitoring, it means closer consideration of the aptitude to operate, through diagnosis and predictions relating to driver and vehicle organs
Vehicle operation F All activities related to the vehicle journey, such as vehicle, driver and