CAPÍTULO 2: MARCO TEÓRICO
2.3. INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO (I+D)
Multiple properties of the ECM—from mechanical stiffness to presentation of adhesive ligands—are crucial regulators of angiogenesis. While the effects of integrin- mediated adhesion, cell spreading, and matrix stiffness are being explored, many basic questions remain: how do these properties interact in regulating angiogenesis? Is there an “optimal” angiogenic response or are there merely variations in the quality of angiogenesis, and can these responses be traced directly back to specific signaling pathways responsive to changes in cell-ECM interaction? In order to answer such questions, knowledge and expertise in materials engineering and biology need to be tightly coupled. To engineer materials that optimize vascular ingrowth to support implanted tissues, we need to take advantage of our basic knowledge of how ECM ligand presentation, stiffness, and degradation, as well as soluble factor cues and cell-cell interactions, regulate angiogenesis. Similarly, we can utilize tools available to control material properties and cellular interactions precisely and systematically to further our understanding of the basic processes of angiogenesis. This thesis has aimed to integrate biology and engineering by using microfabrication and synthetic materials tools to study ECM regulation of angiogenesis in a more controlled manner, as well as utilizing basic biological knowledge to design materials for therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue engineering.
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