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Equipotential bonding according to IEC 60364-4- 41 and IEC 60364-5-54
Equipotential bonding is required for all newly installed electrical power consumer’s installations. Equipotential bonding according to IEC 60364 series removes potential differences, i.e. prevents hazardous touch voltages between the protective conductor of the low voltage electrical power con- sumer’s installations and metal, water, gas and heating pipes, for example.
According to IEC 60364-4-41, equipotential bond- ing consists of the
main equipotential bonding (in future: protective equipotential bonding)
and the
supplementary equipotential bonding (in future: supplementary protective equipotential bonding)
Every building must be given a main equipotential bonding in accordance with the standards stated above (Figure 6.1.1).
The supplementary equipotential bonding is intended for those cases where the conditions for disconnection from supply cannot be met, or for special areas which conform to the IEC 60364 series Part 7.
6. Internal lightning protection
kWh
buried installation, operation- ally isolated (e.g. cathodic protected tank installation)
metal element going through the building (e.g. lift rails)
antenna remote signalling system equipotential bonding of bathroom
230/400 V insulating element Z SEB to PEN distribution network IT system
terminal lug for external lightning protection
Z
water wastewater gas
heating
Equipotential bonding bar (main equipotential bonding, in future: main earthing terminal)
Foundation earth electrode Connector
Lightning current arrester Terminal
Pipe clamp Terminal lug Isolating spark gap
foundation earth electrode / lightning protection earth electrode
6 8 5 1 6 4 4 3 2 7 6 6 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8
Fig. 6.1.1 Principle of lightning equipotential bonding consisting of lightning and main equipotential bonding (in future: protective equipoten- tial bonding)
Main equipotential bonding
The following extraneous conductive parts have to be directly integrated into the main equipotential bonding:
⇒ main equipotential bonding conductor in accordance with IEC 60364-4-41 (in future: earthing conductor)
⇒ foundation earth electrodes or lightning pro- tection earth electrodes
⇒ central heating system ⇒ metal water supply pipe
⇒ conductive parts of the building structure (e.g. lift rails, steel skeleton, ventilation and air con- ditioning ducting)
⇒ metal drain pipe ⇒ internal gas pipe
⇒ earthing conductor for antennas (in Germany in DIN VDE 0855-300)
⇒ earthing conductor for telecommunication systems (in Germany in DIN VDE 0800-2) ⇒ protective conductors of the electrical installa-
tion in accordance with IEC 60364 series (PEN conductor for TN systems and PE conductors for TT systems or IT systems)
⇒ metal shields of electrical and electronic con- ductors
⇒ metal cable sheaths of high-voltage current cables up to 1000 V
⇒ earth termination systems for high-voltage current installations above 1 kV according to HD 637 S1, if no intolerably high earthing volt- age can be dragged.
Normative definition in IEC 60050-826 of an extra- neous conductive component:
A conductive unit not forming part of the electri- cal installation, but being able to introduce electric potential including the earth potential.
Note: Extraneous conductive components also
include conductive floors and walls, if an electric potential including the earth potential can be introduced via them.
The following installation components have to be integrated indirectly into the main equipotential bonding via isolating spark gaps:
⇒ installations with cathodic corrosion protec- tion and stray current protection measures in accordance with EN 50162
⇒ earth-termination systems of high-voltage cur- rent installations above 1 kV in accordance with HD 637 S1, if intolerably high earthing potentials can be transferred
⇒ railway earth for electric a.c. and d.c. railways in accordance with EN 50122-1 (railway lines of the Deutsche Bahn may only be connected upon written approval)
⇒ measuring earth for laboratories, if they are separate from the protective conductors
Figure 6.1.1 shows the terminals and the respective
components of the main equipotential bonding.
Design of the earth-termination system for equipotential bonding
The electrical low-voltage consumer’s installation requiring certain earthing resistances (disconnec- tion conditions of the protective elements) and the foundation earth electrode providing good earth- ing resistances at cost-effective installation, the foundation earth electrode is an optimal and effective complement of the equipotential bond- ing. The design of a foundation earth electrode is governed in Germany by DIN 18014, which, for example requires terminal lugs for the earthing busbar. More exact descriptions and designs of the foundation earth electrode can be found in Chap- ter 5.5.
If a foundation earth electrode is used as lightning protection earth electrode, additional require- ments may have to be considered; they can be tak- en from Chapter 5.5.
Equipotential bonding conductors (in future: pro- tective bonding conductors)
Equipotential bonding conductors should, as long as they fulfil a protective function, be labelled the same as protective conductors, i.e. green/yellow. Equipotential bonding conductors do not carry operating currents and can therefore be either bare or insulated.
The decisive factor for the design of the main equipotential bonding conductors in accordance with IEC 60364-5-54 and HD 60364-5-54 is the cross section of the main protective conductor. The main protective conductor is the one coming from the source of current or from the service entrance box or the main distribution board.
In any case, the minimum cross section of the main equipotential bonding conductor is at least 6 mm2 Cu. 25 mm2Cu has been defined as a possible max- imum.
The supplementary equipotential bonding (Table
6.1.1) must have a minimum cross section of 2.5
mm2Cu for a protected installation, and 4 mm2Cu for an unprotected installation.
For earth conductors of antennas (according to IEC 60728-11 (EN 60728-11)), the minimum cross sec- tion is 16 mm2Cu, 25 mm2Al or 50 mm2steel.
Equipotential bonding bars
Equipotential bonding bars are a central compo- nent of equipotential bonding which must clamp all the connecting conductors and cross sections occurring in practice to have high contact stability; it must be able to carry current safely and have suf- ficient corrosion resistance.
DIN VDE 0618-1: 1989-08 (German standard) con- tains details of the requirements on equipotential bonding bars for the main equipotential bonding. It defines the following connection possibilities as a minimum:
⇒ 1 x flat conductor 4 x 30 mm or round conduc- tor Ø 10 mm
⇒ 1 x 50 mm2
⇒ 6 x 6 mm2to 25 mm2 ⇒ 1 x 2.5 mm2to 6 mm2
These requirements on an equipotential bonding bar are met by K12 (Figure 6.1.2).
This standard also includes the requirements for the inspection of clamping units of cross sections above 16 mm2with regard to the lightning current ampacity. Reference is made therein to the testing of the lightning protection units in accordance with EN 50164-1.
If the requirements in the previously mentioned standard are met, then this component can also be used for lightning equipotential bonding in accor- dance with IEC 62305-1 to 4 (EN 62305-1 to 4).
Terminals for equipotential bonding
Terminals for equipotential bonding must provide a good and permanent contact.
Main equipotential bonding Supplementary equipotential bonding
Normal 0.5 x cross section of the
largest protective conduc- tor of the installation
between two bodies 1xcross section of the small- er protective conductor between a body and an
extraneous conductive part
0.5 x cross section of the protective conductor
Minimum 6 mm2 with mechanical
protection 2.5 mm2 Cu or equivalent conductivity without mechanical protection 4 mm2 Cu or equivalent conductivity
Possible limit 25 mm2 Cu or equivalent
conductivity − −
Table 6.1.1 Cross sections for equipotential bonding conductors
Integrating pipes into the equipotential bonding
In order to integrate pipes into the equipotential bonding, earthing pipe clamps corresponding to the diameters of the pipes are used (Figures 6.1.3 and 6.1.4).
Pipe earthing clamps made of stainless steel, which can be universally adapted to the diameter of the pipe, offer enormous advantages for mounting (Figure 6.1.5).
These pipe earthing clamps can be used to clamp pipes that are made of different materials (e.g. steel, copper and stainless steel). These compo- nents allow also a straight-through connection.
Figure 6.1.6 shows equipotential bonding of heat-
ing pipes with straight-through connection.
Test and inspection of the equipotential bonding
Before commissioning the electrical consumer’s installation, the connections must be inspected to ensure their faultless condition and effectiveness. A low-impedance conductance to the various parts of the installation and to the equipotential bond- ing is recommended. A guide value of < 1 Ω for the connections at equipotential bonding is consid- ered to be sufficient.
Supplementary equipotential bonding
If the disconnection conditions of the respective system configuration can not be met for an instal- lation or a part of it, a supplementary local equipo- tential bonding is required. The reason behind is to interconnect all simultaneously accessible parts as well as the stationary operating equipment and also extraneous conductive parts. The aim is to keep any touch voltage which may occur as low as possible.
Moreover, the supplementary equipotential bond- ing must be used for installations or parts of instal- lations of IT systems with insulation monitoring. The supplementary equipotential bonding is also required if the environmental conditions in special installations or parts of installations mean a partic- ular risk.
The IEC 60364 series Part 7 draws attention to the supplementary equipotential bonding for opera- tional facilities, rooms and installations of a partic- ular type.
These are , for example,
⇒ IEC 60364-7-701 Rooms with bathtub or show- er
⇒ IEC 60364-7-702 Swimming pools and other basins
⇒ IEC 60364-7-705 For agricultural and horticul- tural premises
The difference to the main equipotential bonding is the fact that the cross sections of the conductors can be chosen to be smaller (Table 6.1.1), and also this supplementary equipotential bonding can be limited to a particular location.
Fig. 6.1.3 Pipe earthing clamp, Part No. 408 014
Fig. 6.1.4 Pipe earthing clamp, Part No. 407 114
Fig. 6.1.5 Pipe earthing clamp, Part No. 540 910