JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROYECTO DE INNOVACIÓN CURRICULAR

To drive safely you need space all around your vehicle. Space gives you time to stop. Space gives you time to check your mirror and make a lane change.

Space in front

You need enough space in front so you can always stop safely. You need enough space so you do not crash into the vehicle in front of you. You need enough space in front of you so you can slow down gradually leaving enough space so that a vehicle behind you does not crash into the back of your vehicle.

Remember:

» a smaller vehicle in front of you can probably stop more quickly than you can

» if you are driving a vehicle with air brakes, it can take up to one second after you press the brake pedal for the air to reach the brakes and start slowing your vehicle

» it can take between two and three seconds for you to see a problem ahead and get your foot to the brake pedal.

So, it could be as long as 3 seconds after you’ve seen a problem ahead of you, before your vehicle begins to slow down.

In that 3 seconds, at just 60 km/h, your vehicle will have travelled an extra 51 metres (60 km/h is the same as 17 metres per second). At higher speeds you will travel even further!

The table on page 67 shows you how much space you need to leave between you and the vehicle in front of you.

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It is important to remember that the figures above apply to:

» vehicles with good tyres and brakes

» driving on good quality, sealed roads

» driving on dry roads.

Keeping a safe distance away from the vehicle in front is easy.

Note when the vehicle in front passes an object on the side of the road.

Start counting off the seconds: a thousand and one, a thousand and two, a thousand and three and so on.

Stop counting when the front of your vehicle reaches the same object on the side of the road.

Check the table above.

If you are not enough seconds behind the vehicle in front, ease off the accelerator.

Space behind your vehicle

You cannot force other vehicles to stay a safe distance behind you. But you can make sure that you do the best you can in managing space around your vehicle.

Heavy vehicles are often “tailgated” when they cannot move as fast as other traffic, for example, when going up a hill with a heavy load. Tailgating is when another vehicle drives too closely behind you. In this situation, stay as far left as you can. On hills, use “slow vehicle” lanes and do not overtake other vehicles unless you can do it quickly or there is no other traffic. On multi-lane roads with a speed limit over 80 km/h or roads signed “Keep Left Unless Overtaking” you must stay left unless you can safely overtake.

Professional drivers do not obstruct other traffic by overtaking another truck at nearly the same speed.

Special note

If the road is wet, traffic is heavy or vision restricted, double the gap between your vehicle and the one in front.

At night, remember that you can see no further than your headlights, so increase the gap.

On gravel roads, double your gap.

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Handle tailgaters safely

Heavy vehicles must keep a sufficiently safe distance behind other vehicles to enable them to stop and avoid a collision.

When being tailgated, follow these tips:

» slow down gradually, this will encourage other drivers to overtake and to do so more quickly

» avoid quick changes of speed, slow down gradually and signal early

» increase the distance between yourself and the vehicle you are following. Opening up more room in front of you reduces the risk of having to make sudden changes to speed and direction

» do not speed up. Tailgaters will tend to stay behind you and it is safer at lower speed

» avoid tricks. Do not turn on tail lights or flash your brake lights. It will cause confusion.

Remember you are the professional driver, so do not let the tailgater pressure you into behaving unprofessionally.

Start counting time in seconds, as the vehicle in front of you passes a landmark until the time that you get to the same landmark

Special law

If you are driving a long vehicle (any vehicle which, together with its trailer, is at least 7.5 metres long) and you are following another long vehicle you must drive at least 60 metres away from it, except:

» in a built-up area (one with street lights)

» on a multi-lane road

» a road train must keep a following distance of 200 metres or more when following a long vehicle.

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Changing lanes

If you want to return to your lane after overtaking another vehicle, the extra length of your heavy vehicle makes it hard to judge whether you can change lanes safely. You should follow these tips:

» when in doubt leave plenty of space and time, especially when it is a multi-laned road and there is no need to change in a hurry

» do not trust other drivers’ signals that it is safe to change lanes. Always be sure yourself. Make your own decision

» use your mirrors to check that you can see the vehicle behind you before moving back into your original lane.

Space around the sides of your vehicle

The wider a vehicle is, the more space it needs on either side.

Roads and lanes on multi-lane roads are wide enough for cars but not so for heavy vehicles. So heavy vehicle drivers need more skill in managing space on both sides of their vehicles.

Drive in the centre of your lane

To keep a margin of safety on both sides, drive in the centre of your lane whenever:

» another vehicle is coming the other way

» another vehicle is overtaking you

» you are overtaking another vehicle.

Only pull to the left of the lane to allow a car approaching from the other direction more room if you are sure it is safe. It may put you too close to traffic to your left. Let the other vehicle move over, because it is smaller and needs less space.

Travelling next to other vehicles

If you are travelling beside other vehicles keep in mind that:

» another vehicle could change lanes suddenly and run into you

» you could be trapped in a lane when you need to change to another lane.

The best way to avoid these problems is to drive in the open and not in a group of vehicles. If traffic is too heavy to find an open space, try and keep as much space as possible between you and other vehicles. Drop back or pull forward to make sure that other drivers know that you are there.

When it is safe to do so, stay in the left lane.

Space above your vehicle

Colliding with overhead objects causes damage to loads and vehicles as well as overhead doors. It can cause crashes involving other vehicles. Know the height of your vehicle and your load.

Be cautious when going under trees, bridges, overhead signs, traffic lights, power lines and other wires.

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If you are not sure your vehicle will fit, stop and check.

When driving remember:

» the weight of your vehicle affects its height. The fact that you got under with a load does not mean you will get under when you are running empty. When empty, your vehicle travels higher. When loaded, the weight lowers your vehicle

» check the height of things like wires, verandahs and installed air-conditioners in shop windows

» your vehicle might tilt to the left, because of the road’s camber (slope) or different levels of surfacing. Be careful of trees, sign posts and power lines along the side of the road. You may have to drive closer to the centre of the road to clear them

» before reversing, get out and look up for obstructions.

Space below your vehicle

It is easy to forget the space beneath your vehicle. When a vehicle is loaded, especially a deep frame type, there is not much space underneath. So watch out for:

Railway tracks. They often stick up above the road surface, most often in yards and on dirt roads. Your wheels may get stuck in the gaps between the rails.

Soft surfaces. Make sure that a soft surface will support the weight of your vehicle.

Be wary of:

» shopping centre parking areas. Often these are constructed for light vehicles only. Always get out and check. Ask the management if you are not sure

» unpaved roads and parking areas. These could be trouble spots especially after rain. Be very wary of grass and gravel surfaces

» construction areas are often dug up to connect services beneath the surface. Loose earth may be covered by planks that will not support your vehicle.

Take care in these places

» trailer support legs. Make sure that the ground will not give way under them. Use planks or boards under the legs.

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Space for turns

Space around a heavy vehicle is very important for turns.

Because of cutting-in, heavy vehicles often sideswipe other vehicles and objects during turns (see page 53).