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Classifications of CP

Cerebral palsy is classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe developed the GMFCS as a universal standard for

determining the physical capabilities of people with CP.

The system focuses on:

 the ability to sit

 the capability for movement and mobility

 charting independence

 the use of adaptive technology

The five levels of the GMFCS increase with decreasing mobility:

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A person with level 5 CP needs support to maintain their head and neck position.

They need support to sit and stand, and they may be able to control a motorized wheelchair.

Physical Activities for students with Cerebral palsy

It is vital to note here that, adapted sport has provide the opportunity for students with cerebral palsy to take part in physical activities in other to improve their physical fitness, socialize, and effectively utilize their leisure time. The under listed are the adapted sports for these people.

Wheelchair Basketball

Wheelchair basketball is a fast-paced game played by two teams of five players where the object is to shoot the ball into the opposing team‘s basket. The match consists of four periods of ten minutes. If the score is tied at the end of playing time for the fourth period, the match will be continued with an extra period of five minutes or with as many such periods of five minutes as are necessary to break the tie. Wheelchair Basketball is open to all individuals with a physical impairment, although participants will require some trunk and upper limb function. Functional capacity to complete the skills necessary to play are pushing, pivoting, shooting, rebounding, dribbling, passing and catching. It is not an assessment of a player‘s level of skill, merely their functional capacity to complete the task. The

International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) is the governing body for wheelchair basketball around the world. IWBF is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to provide opportunities for persons with a lower limb disability to play the game of wheelchair basketball.

Sitting Volleyball

In sitting volleyball, players must be seated on the ground, and the game follows the same rules as stand-up volleyball, with the exception of a shorter net, smaller court, and the caveat that at least 1 buttock must remain in contact with the floor whenever the player contacts the ball.

The related organisations for this sport include; US Club Sitting Volleyball and US Paralympics Sitting Volleyball.

Race Running

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Race Running is an adapted sport being developed by Cerebral Palsy Sport in England. It is for children, young people and adults who cannot functionally run and rely on sports aids for mobility and balance.

A Race Runner is a three wheeled frame where the athlete is supported by a saddle and body plate. The athlete propels against the frame using their feet, and steers using the mobility within their hands and/or arms. People with cerebral palsy can take part in Race Running as a recreational activity and Race Running is a very effective way of improving overall fitness, strength and physical and emotional well-being.

There are also competitions available with athletics events in distances from 60m, 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m and 1500m depending on the athlete‘s experience and level of fitness.

Most participants are able to use the Running Bike to propel themselves considerably faster than they can unassisted despite considerable physical

challenges. The Race Runner can be used by children from 3-4 years through to adulthood. It is predominantly suitable for those with Cerebral Palsy, although it is also suitable for those with Muscular Dystrophy, Parkinson‘s disease and other disabilities that affect mobility and balance.

Source: http://www.cpsport.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/2016-05-09- 16.47.21.jpg

Frame Football

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Frame Football is an adapted form of football designed for people who use a

walker or crutches for their daily mobility to move around and may have restricted mobility. The adapted and inclusive game was designed to enable those children, young people and adult who were previously unable to play football with ambulant or able bodied players and it is a new way to play the beautiful games of football.

Frame Football recognizes that frame users, often excluded from playing with their able bodied peers, need their own format for football and now provides a level playing field on which to play football.

Diagram of frame football players

The Format

Frame Football is based on the 11-a-side game, however with certain modifications to support people with a physical disability. As a developmental game, the pitch can be between 25m and 50m in length, and 16m to 35m in width, but the pitch must be rectangular in shape.

With the spectrum of disability and ability levels, this gives coaches flexibility to support the needs of their players. Games last for two equal periods of 20 minutes, or 4 periods of 10 minutes. This can be shorter for younger players or those with a lower level of mobility.

Frame Football is played in a 5-a-side format. Frame Football goals are slightly smaller at 3.66m wide by 1.8m high. Kick-ins is used in Frame Football to return the ball into play from the side-lines, the same as in the format of Futsal.

Frame contact with the ball is allowed but players are encouraged to use their feet where they can.

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Contact between frames is an inevitable part of the game, but should be managed by coaches so that activity remains safe. A guideline of only 1 vs. 1 challenges allowed in game play supports safety and fair play.

In Frame Football there is no offside rule. Frame Football players will be able to do most of the activities coaches are used to delivering in any other football

session, however slight adaptations will help make them more specific to the needs of the players and format of the game they play.

Take into account the age, level of disability, ability and mobility. Players with cerebral palsy and other physical disabilities may tire more quickly and so need shorter work intervals with longer rests.

Swimming

Cerebral Palsy Sport offer a range of opportunities for swimmers with cerebral palsy from introductory sessions for new swimmers through to specialist coaching and competitive galas, tailored awareness and education courses.

Programmes provide tailored events and development pathways for swimmers of all abilities. We also work closely with other delivery agencies to ensure good quality provision exists locally for everyone to enjoy.

Unfortunately due to the current Covid-19 situation, all of our swimming events have been cancelled until 2021. Please follow Government guidance on the most up-to-date advice and adhere to Swim England guidance on returning to the pool when it is safe to do so.

Benefits of Swimming

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There are many benefits to swimming and here are just some of the reasons swimming is great for everyone:

 Knowing how to swim can save lives

 It is a non-impact sport meaningless force on joints

 Improves endurance, muscular strength and cardio fitness

 Helps reduce stress and anxiety

 All-over body workout

 Helps keep your heart, weight and lungs healthy

 Improves flexibility, coordination, balance and posture

 Great way to make new friends Table cricket

Table Cricket is a game for everyone to play and enjoy – young or old, disabled and non-disabled – and is a great way to teach the basic rules of cricket, all on a table top.

Table Cricket was originally developed by Doug Williamson in 1990, through Project Adapted at Nottingham Trent University. It stemmed from the desire to devise another appropriate sporting opportunity for youngsters who could not take part in the traditional Paralympic sports. It was created especially for those with more severe physical impairments, and trials were conducted in Nottingham and at Stoke Mandeville.

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

1. The concept cerebral simply means?

(a) Heart (b) braim (c) palsy (d) brain

2. Which of the following is not an assistive aid for cerebral palsy?

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(a) Eyeglasses (b) hearing aids (c) printer (d) walking aids You may include the following answers

1. (d) 2. (c)

4.0 CONCLUSION

To draw the curtain, cerebral palsy is characterized by lack mobility, coordination and balance. Nevertheless with modifications, individuals with this disability can as well participate in physical activities like their non-disabled peers.

5.0 SUMMARY

You have learnt in this unit that:-

i) ‗Cerebral‘ – refers to the brain. ‗Palsy'‘– can mean weakness or paralysis or lack of muscle control.

ii) Types of cerebral palsy of cerebral palsy include Spastic cerebral palsy, Dyskinetic cerebral palsy,Hypotonic cerebral palsy, Ataxic cerebral palsy, Mixed cerebral palsy.

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT 1. Define the term cerebral palsy?

2. List 4 causes of cerebral palsy?

3. Give a detail treatment on Cerebral palsy classification.

7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READING

http://www.cpsport.org/sports/frame-football/what-is-frame-football/. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

http://www.cpsport.org/sports/racerunning/. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

http://www.cpsport.org/sports/swimming/. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

http://www.cpsport.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/2016-05-09-16.47.21.jpg

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http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/occtherapy/CPbooklet.pdf. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

https://cpisra.org/wheelchair-basketball/. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

https://www.healthline.com/health/cerebral-palsy#classifications. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cerebral-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20353999. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

www.cpsport.org/sports/table-cricket/. Retrieved on 10th March, 2020.

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UNIT 5 INTELLECTUAL AND LEARNING DISABILITIES