L’impacte de la malaltia en els fills dels pacients

According to the analysed data, the most challenging issue in the Legislative stage is that the regulations and the laws are not compatible with the requirements of the recent era and the goals and aims of people in post-conflict Iraq. The interviewees believed that these legislations and rules were designed for a different goal and different context to the one that is present in Iraq. These regulations and rules should change as everything has changed (Interviewee 3 Educational officer, Interviewee 4, Architect, Project 2, Interviewee 8, Architect, Interviewee 10, planning officer, Interviewee 11, procurement officer, and Interviewee 12, Finance Officer). In the past, schools were built as centres to reflect the authority and the dominance of one party over another. So, legislations were established to serve this goal. However, school at present are being built to represent democracy, hope, a new start, religious and political tolerance; which requires different rules and legislations to cope with the requirements of the new era. This discussion is consistent with Knapp (2007) who makes a distinction between two types of school building: authoritarian building and democratic building. The authoritarian type is dominant in the undemocratic societies, and they do not allow freedom and self-actualisation. They are not based on tolerating other points of view and opinions. Democratic buildings are people-oriented and they are tolerant and open and based on human scale. They also encourage the development of open society and of individuals (Knapp, 2007).

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Legislative stage is so essential not only because it is for the benefit of society and its members to enforce law but also because, as Vapnek et al. (2016) puts it, the dominance of law and development are interrelated and they reinforce each other. The enforcement of law is also crucial for sustained development, the realisation of human rights and freedom, and eradication of poverty and economic growth. It protects the poor and vulnerable against any violation of their rights. Moreover, the legitimacy of government depends largely on the administration of laws. Therefore, enforcing laws and regulations that meet the needs of the current era and the requirements of people to be protected by human rights, is essential. Enforcing regulations means the government is active and present. However, the values that were dominant during the conflict and in the pre-conflict era in Iraq were that law was used as a tool to exercise power over the people. It was also used for the benefits of those in the

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elite while the majority of people were deprived of justice and using law to restore their rights.

By discussing the challenges of the four stages of the school building delivery process and presenting the difficulties that each stage has, two parts of the two research objectives have been achieved which are: Evaluate the current status of school building delivery and Explore the school building delivery process. The next part of the two research objectives will be achieved when discussing the strengths and challenges of every stage. The study aims to provide a strategy of building schools in post-conflict Iraq. These schools are expected to initiate the peace building process and give people hope and motive to re-build their country. The four stages that are involved in the school building process have been discussed in terms of the challenges that prevent these stages to be proper ones. The study of these challenges could not have been achieved without examining the Iraqi context at the moment and the extent to which it has been affected by the prolonged armed conflict, and also the culture and sets of values that shape the Iraqi society and its members’ behaviour and attitudes. The study of culture is crucial because culture is reflected on the values and attitudes of the members of a society. Culture is also thought to affect the economic, political and social as well as administrative aspects of life, and, therefore, it impacts the process of school building delivery and makes it what it is together with the consequences of the armed conflict. The interaction between the consequences of the prolonged armed conflict and the culture influence on different aspects of life provides a detailed insight about the factors that contribute to the school building process success or failure. The discussion above partially answers the first and second research questions: What is the current status of school building delivery in Iraq? What is the school building delivery process? The discussion of the strengths and challenges of every stage will also complete the answers to the two questions. The currents status of school building and delivery in Iraq is affected to the largest extent with the tragic consequences of the prolonged armed conflict that has torn Iraq. These consequences are demonstrated at the economic, political, social, administrative and educational levels. Data revealed that financial problems, that have resulted from the conflict and wars have hampered the projects of school building and deliveries, have led to that the process of school building delivery has become a complicated and difficult task to be accomplished.

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The economic, social, cultural, political and administrative consequences of the conflict have shaped every stage of the school building delivery and created obstacles that prevent the achievement of proper school building delivery stages. The interaction of these consequences with the culture of the Iraqi society has made the matter more complicated as wars and conflict have intensified the negative aspects of the Iraqi culture such as favouritism, hierarchy and some aspects of the collectivist culture which Iraq belongs to.

The discussion of the strengths and challenges of every stage of the school building delivery process will complete achieving the first two research objectives:

1- Evaluate the current status of school building delivery in post-conflict Iraq 2- Explore the school building delivery process

The discussion will also complete the answers to the first two research questions:

What is the current status of school building delivery in Iraq? What is the school building delivery process?