LA AUTORIZACIÓN DE ESTANCIA Y DE RESIDENCIA.

15.1. General

15.1.1. The necessary OSH competence requirements should be defined by the employer based on the provisions of the national laws or regulations, in consultation with workers and their representatives, and appropriate training arrangements established and maintained to ensure that all persons are competent to perform the OSH aspects of their present or planned duties and responsibilities.

15.1.2. Employers should have, or should have access to, sufficient OSH competence to identify and eliminate or control work-related hazards and risks, and to implement the OSH management system. Specific training needs can be identified from the initial and ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment and evaluation of control measures.

15.1.3. Training programmes should:

(a) cover all workers at the facility, including contractors, as appropriate;

(b) be conducted by competent persons;

(c) provide effective and timely initial and refresher training at appropriate intervals, in a manner and language understood by the workers;

(d) include participant evaluation for comprehension and retention of the training;

(e) be reviewed periodically by the safety and health committee, where it exists or by the employer in consultation with workers and their representatives, and modified as necessary;

(f) be documented.

15.1.4. The form and the content of training, particularly for new workers, should be devised and implemented in consultation with workers or their representatives, and should be in accordance with the identified needs, and may include:

(a) pertinent aspects of OSH legislation and any collective agreement, such as the rights, responsibilities and duties of competent authorities, employers, contractors and workers;

(b) assessments, reviews and exposure measurements, and the rights and duties of workers in this regard;

(c) the role of health surveillance, the rights and duties of workers in this regard, and access to information;

(d) instructions on PPE as may be necessary, its significance, correct use and limitations, and in particular on factors which may show inadequacy or malfunction of the equipment, and the measures which may be required for the workers to protect themselves;

(e) the nature and degree of hazards or risks to safety and health which may occur, including any factors which may influence that risk, such as appropriate hygiene practices;

(f) safe operating procedures such as, for example, confined spaces and isolation of hazardous energy;

(g) workers should be trained in the safe handling of metal scrap;

(h) the correct and effective use of prevention, control and protection measures, especially engineering controls, and workers’ own responsibility for using such measures properly;

(i) correct methods for the handling of substances, the operation of processes and equipment, and for storage, transport and waste disposal;

(j) procedures to be followed in an emergency;

(k) hazard warning signs and symbols for hazardous ambient factors which may occur;

(l) emergency measures, fire fighting and fire prevention, and first aid;

(m) appropriate hygiene practices to prevent, for example, the transmission of hazardous substances off site;

(n) cleaning, maintenance, storage and waste disposal, to the extent that these may cause exposure for the workers concerned.

15.1.5. Training should be provided to all participants at no cost and should take place during working hours. If this is not possible, the timing and other arrangements should be agreed upon between the employer and workers’ representatives.

15.1.6. Employers should ensure that training and information requirements and procedures are kept under review, as part of the assessment review and documentation.

15.2. Qualifications of managers and supervisors

15.2.1. Successful management requires the integration of OSH into all the facility’s activities, including contractors’ activities.

15.2.2. Responsibility for managing OSH within any organization should be placed upon managers and supervisors at each level in the job hierarchy. Managers and supervisors should be in possession of an appropriate qualification and training, or have gained sufficient knowledge, skills and experience to qualify on the basis of competence, to ensure that they are able to:

(a) plan and organize safe operations, including identification of hazards, assessments of risks and the implementation of preventive measures;

(b) establish, implement and maintain an OSH management system;

(c) monitor the status of OSH in those operations for which they are responsible; and

(d) take corrective action in the event of non-compliance with requirements.

15.2.4. Managers should receive technical and other training to allow them to fulfil their responsibilities for OSH.

15.3. Qualifications, training and

skills testing for workers

15.3.1. Worker education and training is essential for workers new to the job, when hazardous substances are introduced and before changes occur in the equipment or the process. Each employer should ensure that all workers working at the facility for whom they have a responsibility are:

(a) appropriately educated and trained in the tasks they are assigned to and possess the relevant skills certificates;

(b) suitably instructed in the hazards connected with their work and in their working environment, as well as trained in the precautions necessary to avoid accidents, injuries and occupational diseases;

(c) made aware of the relevant laws, regulations, requirements, codes of practice, instructions and advice relating to prevention of accidents and diseases;

(d) informed of their individual and collective responsibility and that of the employer for OSH;

(e) sufficiently instructed in the correct use and effects of PPE and its appropriate care, and have training made available to them, as appropriate, incorporating the relevant content, duration and location.

15.3.2. Ergonomic posture and movements, appropriate choice and handling of tools ergonomically should become routine to such an extent that the operator works correctly.

15.3.3. Material safety data sheets should be provided for each of the hazardous chemicals used to explain the chemical and physical hazards, in languages and at educational levels that ensure they will be understood by workers.

15.3.4. Competence testing and periodic retraining should be done in order to ensure that workers have retained the necessary information.

15.3.5. An appropriate level of supervision should be provided to ensure that the proper procedures are being followed.

15.4. Qualifications of contractors and

other third parties

15.4.1. The management of OSH with contractors and other third parties should be consistent.

15.4.2. Best practices in OSH at the facility should be applied to contractors.

15.4.3. Only those contractors who can demonstrate good performance and an adequate safety and health management system should be used.

15.4.4. The OSH management systems of contractors and their OSH record should carry similar weight to other performance factors when considering the choice of contractors.

15.4.5. Before commencing work, on-site pre-work briefings need to be completed that cover the scope of work, work method, identification of key hazards and risk assessment. All relevant safety permits need to be completed before the job is begun.