3. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS
1.1. LA CIENCIA DE LA ENTOMOLOGÍA MÉDICO-VETERINARIA
package that operates safely for all of these The graphics system has a self- possibilities. The CMXGRAPH system has been explanatory screen interface as shown in Figure widely tested, but occasional crashes can occur
for rare flow module combinations and then only for certain plot types. Should a crash occur and the direct access mode (1a), listed above, has been used then the current file information will be lost. In those cases, it is safer to first save the current session file data and then exercise the graphics system.
5.4. The menu is controlled by the keyboard alone by typing the letters that appear in capital on the menu buttons, or by user the four cursor keys when in zoom mode.
The GRAPHICS MENU COMMANDS are as follows:
Help an advice section is available listing the same information as given here Quit exits the graphics system
There exist FIVE PLOT TYPES:
Plan generates a plan view of plume (x-y), as seen from above (entry option)
Side generates a side view of plume (x-z), as seen by an observer looking from the bank/shore
Traj generates a side view along trajectory of plume. The view is stretched out along the actually curving centerline trajectory.
c-X generates a plot of concentration on the plume centerline plotted against downstream distance x
c-D generates a plot of concentration on the plume centerline plotted against distance along the plume trajectory
The user can CONTROL the plume VIEW:
Near displays the near-field region only ; useful for close-up details (entry option) Full displays the complete near- and far-field regions (i.e. the entire prediction results)
SHOW/HIDE FEATURES can be exercised to display additional information:
Labels puts identifier labels (site/case information) on top of plot (entry option)
displayed by dotted lines where particular regulations are encountered.
Module shows boundaries of prediction modules
ZOOM/SCALE CONTROL allows control of plot details:
Zoom allows the user to enlarge any RECTANGULAR SECTION of the current plot; this is accomplished by:
-- Use CURSOR Control keys to move cursor (up,down,left,right)
-- Cursor SPEED can be modified by typing any number: 1(slowest),2,.. to 0(fastest) -- Press RETURN when first corner of desired rectangle has been reached
-- Move cursor to find opposite corner and press RETURN to fix opposite corner
sKale allows the user to FIX SCALE distortion of current plot. The current scale is displayed in a window on the menu bottom (see Figure 5.4).
-- Type in desired distortion at the prompt: All subsequent versions of the plot (including zooms will be fixed at this scale distortion.
-- Use the sKale button again, to release the scale distortion.
Bkup back-up to earlier zoomed/scaled versions of current plot
Esc exit from zoom/scale mode (also Quit or repeated Bkup can be used to exit)
Several PRINT OPTIONS are available:
pfIle writes the current plot to a POSTSCRIPT FILE for later printing. The file can be edited and/or printed later using any compatible software (including public domain software, such as Ghostscript).
-- Each print file is stored as \"filename.Pvn\" where:
filename = CORMIX or CORJET assigned filename, Pvn = file extension indicating a Postscript file, v = P, S, T, X or D, for one of the five view types, n = 0 to 9, increasing file number.
-- If the total file number for a particular view type exceeds the maximum of ten (10), the first file in the series will be erased and replaced by the new file.
psCrn allows a PRINT SCREEN action of the current plot
-- The plot is first recreated without the menu interface and plot border.
-- Then use the Shift-PrintScreen buttons, to print the plot on-line.
Important: The PRINTER must have been initialized for GRAPHICS MODE with the DOS command: \"graphics [type] /r\" where: [type] = type of printer (e.g.: color4, laserjetii).
c(n)
c
ce
(nb)
2
The case study materials in the Appendices show some of the possibilities that can be exercised in the graphics display the plume features described in the fn.CXn output files. As shown above, the plume is characterized by its centerline trajectory, dilution, and width values. For understanding added detail in the plume cross-section, it is important to keep in mind the different concentration distributions and meanings of "plume width". These are explained in the supplemental statements at the beginning of each flow module (see Figures 5.2 and 5.3). Also, Figure 5.5 may be useful for further illustration. It gives the cross-sectional distribution of concentration for many of the commonly occurring plume cross-sections in the various regions predicted by the CORMIXn subsystems.
In some instances, users may desire to plot concentration isolines for the predicted plume shapes. The information contained in the HYDROn output file for each module and the definitions shown in Figure 5.5 are sufficient to construct such plots. In particular, in submerged plume or passive mixing regions having a Gaussian distribution, the following formula can be used
where c(n) is the lateral concentration, n is the coordinate position measured tranversely away
from the centerline
, c
c is the centerline concentration, e is the natural logarithm base, and b is the local plume half-width. However, this equation can not be used to plot concentration isolines in the control volume or buoyant spreading regions because they are defined with a top-hat or uniform concentration profile and not a Gaussian distribution.By and large, all CORMIXn predictions are continuous from module to module satisfying the conservation of mass, momentum and energy principles. Occasionally, some mismatches in plume width can occur as a consequence of enforcing these principles. Most of these will be barely noticeable with the usual plotting resolution and they can usually be safely ignored. Some of the mismatches or discontinuities can be kept to a minimum by specifying a large number for the grid intervals (see Section 4.9) to increase the resolution of the CORMIX prediction. This is especially useful for the final simulations on a particular design case.
In addition, when bottom attachment or bank interaction occurs, the plume trajectory is assumed to (and simulation predictions do) shift suddenly to the boundary. In actuality, that shift would be much more gradual and this should be considered when interpreting the results of the CMXGRAPH plots or, alternatively, when plotting plume features by hand.
VI Post-Processor Models CORJET and FFLOCATR:
Input and Output Features
The CORMIX system contains three post- recent CORMIX system enhancements. CORJET processor options which be accessed directly is a type of a jet integral model whose original from within the system or independently outside of development in a two-dimensional framework and CORMIX. In either case, the post-processor for a round jet only was first reported in the peer- options provide additional enhancements to reviewed literature by Jirka and Fong (25). CORMIX in terms of plume display, and more Detailed verification studies with various detailed computation of near- and far-field plume experimental data sources have been reported
features. (8,26).
The first of the options, the graphics In jet integral models the hydrodynamic package CMXGRAPH, has already been equations governing the conservation of mass described in Section 5.3. The second option is and momentum, and of other quantities as CORJET, the Cornell Buoyant Jet Integral Model, pollutant mass, density deficit, temperature and/or for the detailed analysis of the near-field behavior salinity, are solved step-wise along the general of buoyant jets. FFLOCATR, the Far-Field curved jet trajectory. The solution yields values of Plume Locator, for the far-field delineation of the trajectory position itself and of the centerline discharge plumes in non-uniform river or estuary concentrations of these quantities, while the environments is the third option. The latter two actual cross-sectional distribution is fixed a priori are described in this chapter. (mostly as a Gaussian distribution) in these
6.1 CORJET: The Cornell Buoyant Jet Integral