La comunidad remanente de quilombo Lagoa Rasa

The table below illustrates this categorization, which is designed to ensure that a household’s set of responses places them into a single, unique category.

Cross-tabulating or triangulation of HFIAS results with the other core indicators (See Annexes 26- 31), additional socio-demographic and socio-economic can help identify correlations between these and the HFIAS. Correlations support as well a better interpretation and understanding, in case of discrepancies and local particularities in contexts.

What should the target be?

Because the HFIAS is a continuous indicator that acts as a relative measure of food insecurity, no threshold or target value has been established. Different population groups or geographic areas can be compared by situating them along a continuum or placing them into categories based on the measured score, scale or prevalence, and conclusions drawn about their relative levels of food insecurity.

What are potential challenges with the HFIAS?

• As any participatory tool, an introductory discussion should be facilitated. As the HFIAS should be part of an overall interview and not a lone standing tool, the overall introduction to the interview should capture that various topics will be discussed.

• The HFIAs demands a long recall period, this might be difficult for some interviewees and households and can be supported with the creation of an event calendar, seasonal calendar or festival calendar which can support the definition and identification of the various timelines and recalls throughout the year.

• The HFIAS is a good tool to compare annual changes and overall changes of the household, hence linking to impact measurement of the project or intervention. Combined with the other core indicators (see Annexes 26-33), the HFIAS provides a complementary piece of information to assess and understand household food security levels.

Question Rarely 1 Sometimes2 Often3 Frequency 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a - food secure - mildly food insecure

- moderately food insecure - severely food insecure

• The HFIAS should not be used for identifying beneficiaries of assistance. The data is relevant for community targeting, but not individual household targeting.

• The HFIAS is incorporates coping strategies employed by the household. Hence the coping strategy index can be extracted from the HFIAS data collection, and depending on the context, can be used as a separate indicator on household livelihoods and food security levels. • The HFIAS can be facilitated as part of a households level surveys, but can as well be used

as a discussion point in a focus groups discussion within the community or a groups of key informants, e.g. women and care takers, farmers, elders, chiefs etc.

QUESTIONNAIRE - Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)

Overview of the questionnaire: This questionnaire seeks to collect data on Household Dietary Diversity. This is most likely to be used as part of a baseline and or endline survey and therefore also forms part of the ACF FSL baseline template.

How to complete this questionnaire:

• Give a title + a code to your survey (see the general guidance)

• Insert correct code number (1, 2 etc) or circle appropriate answer, as directed.

SURVEY INFORMATION

Q1. In the past 4 weeks, did you have to worry about food for your household?

Question Response Options CODE

1 In the past four weeks, did you worry that your household would not have enough food?

0=No (skip to Q2) 1=Yes

1a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the

past four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

2 In the past four weeks, were you or any household member not able to eat the kinds of foods that you preferred because of a lack of resources?

0=No (skip to Q3) 1=Yes

2a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

3 In the past four weeks, did you or any household member have to eat a limited variety of foods due to a lack of resources?

0=No (skip to Q4) 1=Yes

3a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

4 In the past four weeks, did you or any household member have to eat some foods that you really did not want to eat because of a lack of resources to obtain other types of food?

0=No (skip to Q5) 1=Yes

4a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

5 In the past four weeks, did you or any household member have to eat a smaller meal that you felt you needed because there was not enough food?

0=No (skip to Q6) 1=Yes

5a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

6 In the past four weeks, did you or any household member have to eat fewer meals in a day because there was not enough food?

0=No (skip to Q7) 1=Yes

6a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

7 In the past four weeks, was there ever no food to eat of any kind in your household because of a lack of resources to get food?

0=No (skip to Q8) 1=Yes

7a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

8 In the past four weeks, did you or any household member go to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food?

0=No (skip to Q9) 1=Yes

8a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

9 In the past four weeks, did you or any household member go a whole day and night without eating anything because there was not enough food?

0=No 1=Yes

9a How often did this happen? 1=Rarely (once or twice in the past

four weeks)

2=Sometimes (three to ten times in the past four weeks)

3=Often (more than ten times in the past four weeks)

Q2. HFIAS calculation (NOT A QUESTION FOR RESPONDENT)

QUALITY CONTROL

M&E supervisor_____________________________ Date___________ Data entry_________________________________ Date___________

For additional guidance on the HFIAS, refer to FANTA’s published guidance: Household

Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide VERSION 3, August 2007.

Annex 30: Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP)

Guidance Note

What is the MAHFP indicator?

This indicator captures “changes in a household’s ability to address vulnerability in such a way as to ensure that food is available above a minimum level [9 months] all year round”.

Groups below the poverty threshold generally have less than 9 Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP). This means that these households can only assure that all household members received adequate food for less than 9 months in the year and that the other 3 months of the year, they survive through other activities and coping strategies, e.g. decreased consumption, seeking credit, selling productive assets, obtaining informal private transfers, and/or utilizing government and/or NGO support through social protection strategies such as provision of food assistance etc.

The number of MAHFP generally varies based on the level of household production, assets, and cash earnings available to purchase food. This can also vary based on the shocks and risks households face during a particular year, and their capacity to cope with them.

MAHFP is also known as the “annual food gap” (acknowledging that food insecure households generally face a “lean season”), and helps to categorize groups and measure their capacity to cope with food insecurity.

Why use MAHFP?

Measuring the MAHFP can capture the combined effects of a range of interventions and strategies, such as improved agricultural production, storage and interventions that increase the household’s purchasing power.

When should MAHFP data be collected?

It should be collected during the period of greatest food shortages (e.g. just before harvesting), to increase accuracy of recall of the months when household food supplies are insufficient. Follow-up data should be collected at the same time of year.

How is MAHFP data collected?

Data for this indicator should be collected by first screening out those households that were able to provide for their household food needs throughout the entire year (see Annex 28: MAHFP Survey Template and Annex 35: Baseline Survey Template). Those households that were unable to adequately provide for the household (Q1 in template) then go on to Q2 where they are asked to identify in which months (during the past 12 months) they did not have access to sufficient food to meet their household needs. The purpose of these questions is to identify the months in which there is limited access to food regardless of the source of the food (i.e. production, purchase, barter or food assistance).

Although the response options start with the month of January, the respondent is asked to think back over the previous 12 months, starting with the current month. Adjust the months according to when you conduct the survey so that the current month appears first.

These questions should be asked of the person (adult) who is responsible for food preparation in the household. If the food was prepared by a child/youth, the question should not be asked of the child/youth who actually prepared food but rather of the adult (usually a woman) who makes the daily decisions about what will be prepared and eaten. The questions refer to the food needs of the household as a whole, not any single member of the household.

past year should still be included in the tabulation of the denominator of the indicator (“total number of households”) or the level of food insecurity will be overestimated (see below).

How is the MAHFP calculated?

The tabulation of responses is a tally of total months.

Step 1: First, calculate the MAHFP (0-12) for each household surveyed in the sample:

MAHFP = 12 months minus the total number of months out of the previous 12 that the household

was unable to meet their food needs.

(12) - Sum (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 )

Step 2: Calculate an average for all the households surveyed in the sample. The denominator

should include all households interviewed, even those who did not experience any months of inadequate household food provisioning.

Average MAHFP = Sum of the MAHFPs for all households in the sample

Total Number of Households