• No se han encontrado resultados

La construcción de Bashar al-Asad como enemigo absoluto

K eywoRds

3. La guerra civil en Siria

3.1 La construcción de Bashar al-Asad como enemigo absoluto

To ensure that a rigorous methodology is available in which to assess the preferences of animals, further research examining design features of Y-maze preference tests, including the above examples, should be conducted to ensure design features of the tests are not unintentionally influencing animal motivation and thus choice behaviour. Once we have a rigorous methodology by which to assess the preferences of animals, we may then be able to identify important factors to include in the environments of animals to improve their welfare.

138

REFERENCES

Abeyesinghe, S. M., Nicol, C. J., Hartnell, S. J., Wathes, C. M., 2005. Can the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus, show self-control? Animal Behaviour, 70, 1-11

Abeyesinghe, S. M., McLeman, M. A., Owens, R. C., McMahon, C. E., Wathes, C.

M., 2009. Investigating social discrimination of group members by laying hens. Behavioural Processes, 81, 1-13

Al-Nasser, A., Al-Khalaifa, H., Al-Saffar, A., Khalil, F., Albahouh, M., Ragheb, G., Al-Haddad, A., Mashaly, M., 2007. Overview of chicken taxonomy and domestication. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63, 285-300

Albentosa, M. J., Cooper, J. J., 2005. Testing resource value in group-housed animals:

An investigation of cage height preference in laying hens. Behavioural Processes, 70, 113-121

Albright, J. L., 1998. History and future of animal welfare science. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 1, 145-166

Amsel, A., 1992. Frustration theory: an analysis of dispositional learning and memory. In: Frustration Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 34-60

Appleby, M. C., Mcrae, H. E., Peitz, B. E., 1984. The effect of light on the choice of nests by domestic hens. Applied Animal Ethology, 11, 249-254

Appleby, M. C., Mench, J. A., Hughes, B. O., 2004a. Maintenance In: Poultry behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 45-69

Appleby, M.C., Mench, J.A., Hughes, B.O., 2004b. Living in groups. In: Poultry behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 70-90

Appleby, M.C., Mench, J.A., Hughes, B.O., 2004c. Reproduction In: Poultry behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 91-117

Appleby, M.C., Mench, J.A., Hughes, B.O., 2004d. Perceptions of welfare. In:

Poultry behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 118-129

Appleby, M.C., Mench, J.A., Hughes, B.O., 2004e. Origins. In: Poultry behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 1-11

Arnold, N. A., 2005. Effects of the milking facility environment on cow behaviour and physiology. PhD Thesis, The University of Melbourne.

139 Australian Egg Corporation Limited, 2009. Australian Egg Corporation Limited

Annual Report. www.aecl.org date accessed: 05/02/2010

Banks, E.M., Wood-Gush, G.M., Hughes, B.O., Mankovich, N.J., 1979. Social rank and priority of access to resources in domestic fowl. Behavioural Processes 4, 197-209.

Barnard, C., 2004. Animal Behaviour: Mechanism, Development, Function and Evolution. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, England

Barnett, J. L., Hemsworth, P. H., 2003. Science and its application in assessing the welfare of laying hens in the egg industry. Australian Veterinary Journal, 81, 615-624

Barnett, J. L., Hemsworth, P. H., 2009. Welfare monitoring schemes: using research to safeguard welfare of animals on the farm. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 12, 114-131

Barnett, J. L., Hemsworth, P. H., Hennessy, D. P., McCallum, T. H., Newman, E. A., 1994. The effects of modifying the amount of human contact on behavioural, physiological and production responses of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 41, 87-100

Barnett, J. L., Cronin, G. M., Tauson, R., Downing, J. A., Janardhana, V., Lowenthal, J. W., Butler, K. L., 2005. The effects of a perch, dust bath and nest box in furnished cages on the welfare of laying hens. Animal Science Papers and Reports, 23 (Suppl. 1), 111-119 (Abstract)

Beeby, R., 2007. Move to ban battery hens, The Canberra Times, Canberra, Australia 16/04/07

Beilharz, R. G.Zeeb, K., 1981. Applied ethology and animal welfare. Applied Animal Ethology, 7, 3-10

Bermond, B., 1997. The myth of animal suffering. M. Dol, S. Kasanmoentalib, S.

Lijmbach, E. Rivas and R. van der Bos. Animal consciousness and animal ethics. Van Gorcum, Assen, The Netherlands, 125-143

Beuving, G., 1983. Corticosteroids in welfare research of laying hens In: D. Smidt (Ed) Indicators relevant to farm animal welfare. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, USA, 47-53

Beuving, G., Vonder, G. M. A., 1981. The influence of ovulation and oviposition on corticosterone levels in the plasma of laying hens. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 44, 382-388

Blokhuis, H. J., Arkes, J. G., 1984. Some observations on the development of feather pecking in poultry. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 12, 145-157

140 Bradshaw, J.W.S., Neville, P.F., Sawyer, D., 1997. Factors affecting pica in the

domestic cat. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 52, 373-379

Bradshaw, R. H., 1991. Discrimination of group members by laying hens Gallus domesticus. Behavioural Processes, 24, 143-151

Bradshaw, R. H., 1992. Conspecific discrimination and social preference in the laying hen. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 33, 69-75

Brambell, F. W. R., D. S. Barbour, M. B. Barnett, T. K. Ewer, A. Hobson, H.

Pitchford, W. R. Smith, W. H. Thorpe, and F. J. W. Winship., 1965. Report of the Technical Committee to Enquire into the Welfare of Animals Kept Under Intensive Husbandry Systems. HMSO, London

Broom, D. M., 1986. Indicators of poor welfare. British Veterinary Journal, 142, 524-526

Broom, D. M., Fraser, D., 1993. Systems regulating body and brain In: Stress and animal welfare. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 8-34

Broom, D. M., Fraser, A. F., 2007a. Feeding, In: Domestic animal behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Cambridge. 77-92

Broom, D. M., Fraser, A. F., 2007b. The welfare of poultry In: Domestic animal behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Cambridge, 281-300

Broom, D.M., Fraser, A.F., 2007c. Introduction and concepts In: Domestic animal behaviour and welfare. CAB International, Cambridge, 3-16

Broom, D. M., Kirkden, R. D., 2004. Welfare, stress, behavior, and pathophysiology.

R. H. Dunlop and C. Malbert (Ed) In: Veterinary Pathophysiology.

Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA, 337-370

Bubier, N. E., 1996. The behavioural priorities of laying hens: the effect of cost/no cost multi-choice tests on time budgets. Behavioural Processes, 37, 225-238 Cabanac, M., Johnson, K. G., 1983. Analysis of a conflict between palatability and

cold exposure in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 31, 249-253

Caras, R. A., 1996. The chicken: At every table, in every pot In: A perfect harmony:

The intertwining lives of animals and humans throughout history. Simon and Schuster, New York, USA, 199-203

Cogan, D. C., Jones, J. F., Irons, T., 1979. Spontaneous alternation in chicks using social reward. Developmental Psychobiology, 12, 285-290 (Abstract)

Colborn, D. R., Thomson, D. L., Roth, T. L., Capehart, J. S., White, K. L., 1991.

Responses of cortisol and prolactin to sexual excitement and stress in stallions and geldings. Journal of Animal Science, 69, 2556-2562

141 Collerton, S., 2009. Cage egg demand dropping: Woolies. ABC News,

www.abc.net.au/news, 14/08/2009

Collias, N. E., Collias, E. C., 1967. A Field Study of the Red Jungle Fowl in North-Central India. The Condor, 69, 360-386

Conradt, L., List, C., 2009. Group decisions in humans and animals: a survey.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 716-742

Conradt, L., Roper, T. J., 2005. Consensus decision making in animals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20, 449-456

Cooper, J. J., Appleby, M. C., 1995. Nesting behaviour of hens: Effects of experience on motivation. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 42, 283-295

Cooper, J. J., Appleby, M. C., 1996. Demand for nest boxes in laying hens.

Behavioural Processes, 36, 171-182

Cooper, J. J., Appleby, M.C., 2003. The value of environmental resources to domestic hens: A comparison of the work-rate for food and nests as a function of time.

Animal Welfare, 12, 39-52

Cracraft, J. 1993. Birds through the ages. In: The encyclopedia of animals, Cogger, H.G., Gould, E., Forshaw, J., McKay, G., Zweifel, R.G. (Eds), Fog City Press, San Francisco, USA. pp. 245 – 248.

Cransberg, P.H., Parkinson, G., 2007. The Victorian Egg Industry. Primary Industries Research Victoria.

Cunningham, D. L. Van Tienhoven, A., 1983. Relationship between production factors and dominance in White Leghorn hens in a study on social rank and cage design. Applied Animal Ethology, 11, 33-44

Danbury, T. C., Weeks, C. A., Chambers, J. P., Waterman-Pearson, A. E., Kestin, S.

C., 2000. Self-selection of the analgesic drug carprofen by lame broiler chickens. Veterinary Record, 146, 307-311

Dantzer, R., Arnone, M., Mormede, P., 1980. Effects of frustration on behaviour and plasma corticosteroid levels in pigs. Physiology and Behavior, 24, 1-4 Dantzer, R., Mormede, P., 1983. Stress in farm animals: a need for re-evaluation.

Journal of Animal Science, 57, 6-18

Davis, N. J., Prescott, N. B., Savory, C. J., Wathes, C. M., 1999. Preferences of growing fowls for different light intensities in relation to age, strain and behaviour. Animal Welfare, 8, 193-203

Dawkins, M. S., 1976. Towards an objective method of assessing welfare in domestic fowl. Applied Animal Ethology, 2, 245-254

142 Dawkins, M. S., 1977a. Do hens suffer in battery cages? Environmental preferences

and welfare. Animal Behaviour, 25, 1034-1046

Dawkins, M. S., 1977b. Or hidden? Applied Animal Ethology, 3, 194

Dawkins, M. S., 1978. Welfare and the structure of a battery cage: size and floor preferences in domestic hens. British Veterinary Journal, 134, 469-475 Dawkins, M. S., 1980. Animal suffering: the science of animal welfare. Chapman and

Hall, London, United Kingdom

Dawkins, M. S., 1981. Priorities in the cage size and flooring preferences of domestic hens. British Poultry Science, 22, 255-263

Dawkins, M. S., 1982. Elusive concept of preferred group size in domestic hens.

Applied Animal Ethology, 8, 365-375

Dawkins, M. S., 1983a. The current status of preference tests in the assessment of animal welfare In: S. H. Baxter, M. R. Baxter and J. A. C. MacCormack (Ed) Farm Animal Housing and Welfare, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 20-26 Dawkins, M. S., 1983b. Battery hens name their price: Consumer demand theory and

the measurement of ethological 'needs'. Animal Behaviour, 31, 1195-1205 Dawkins, M. S., 1983c. Cage size and flooring preferences in litter-reared and

cage-reared hens. British Poultry Science, 24, 177-182

Dawkins, M. S., 1985a. The scientific basis for assessing suffering in animals In: P.

Singer (Ed) In defense of animals. Basil Blackwell, New York, 27-40

Dawkins, M. S., 1985b. Cage height preferences and use in battery-kept hens.

Veterinary Record, 116, 345-347

Dawkins, M. S., 1988. Behavioural deprivation: A central problem in animal welfare.

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 20, 209-225

Dawkins, M. S., 1989. Time budgets in red junglefowl as a baseline for the assessment of welfare in domestic fowl. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 24, 77-80

Dawkins, M. S., 1990. From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness and animal welfare. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 1-9

Dawkins, M. S., 1995. How do hens view other hens? The use of lateral and binocular vision fields in social recognition. Behaviour, 132, 591-606

Dawkins, M. S., 2003. Behaviour as a tool in the assessment of animal welfare.

Zoology, 106, 383-387

143 Dawkins, M. S., Hardie, S., 1989. Space needs of laying hens. British Poultry

Science, 30, 413-416

de Jong, I. C., Wolthuis-Fillerup, M., Van Reenen, C. G., 2007. Strength of preference for dustbathing and foraging substrates in laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104, 24-36

D'eath, R. B., Stone, R. J., 1999. Chickens use visual cues in social discrimination: an experiment with coloured lighting. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 62, 233-242

Dember, W. N., Fowler, H., 1958. Spontaneous alternation behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 55, 412-428

Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2002. Code of recommendations for the welfare of livestock: Laying hens.

www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/welfare Date accessed: 08/04/2010 Department of Primary Industries, 2009. The Victorian Egg Industry.

http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/nrenfa.nsf/FID/-E34949CCE088666CCA256 CDF00193648?OpenDocument. Date accessed: 04/02/2010

Douglas, R. J., 1966. Cues for spontaneous alternation. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 62, 171-183

Douglas, R. J., Peterson, J. J., Douglas, D. P. 1973. The ontogeny of a hippocampus-dependent response in two rodent species. Behavioural Biology, 8, 27-37 Duncan, I. J. H., 1977. Behavioural wisdom lost. Applied Animal Ethology, 3, 193 Duncan, I.J.H., 1978. The interpretation of animal preference tests in animal

behaviour. Applied Animal Ethology, 4, 197-200

Duncan, I.J.H., 1990. Reactions of poultry to human beings, In: R., Z., Dantzer, R.

(Ed), Social stress in domestic animals, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 121-131.

Duncan, I. J. H., 1992. Measuring preferences and the strength of preferences. Poultry Science, 71, 658-663

Duncan, I. J. H., 1993. Welfare is to do with what animals feel. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 6 (supplement 2), 8-14

Duncan, I. J. H., 2004. A concept of welfare based on feelings. G. J. Benson, Rollin, B.E. The well-being of farm animals: challenges and solutions. Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, USA, 85-102

Duncan, I. J. H., Kite, V., 1987. Some investigations into the motivation in the domestic fowl. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 18, 387-388

144 Duncan, I. J. H., Kite, V., 1989. Nest site selection and nest-building behaviour in

domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour, 37, 215-231

Duncan, I. J. H., Petherick, J. C., 1991. The implication of cognitive processes for animal welfare. Journal of Animal Science, 69, 5017-5022

Duncan, I. J. H., Wood-Gush, D.G.M., 1972. Thwarting of feeding behaviour in the domestic fowl. Animal Behaviour, 20, 444-451

Duncan, I. J. H., Widowski, T. M., Malleau, A. E., Lindberg, A. C., Petherick, J. C., 1998. External factors and causation of dustbathing in domestic hens.

Behavioural Processes, 43, 219-228

Dutch, J., 1969. Visual complexity and stimulus pacing in chicks. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21, 63-66

Elston, J. J., Beck, M., Alodan, M. A., Vego-Murillo, V., 2000. Laying hen behavior 2. Cage type preference and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios. Poultry Science, 79, 477-482

Evans, C. S., Evans, L., Marler, P., 1993. On the meaning of alarm calls: functional reference in an avian vocal system. Animal Behaviour, 46, 23-38

Faure, J. M., 1986. Operant determination of the cage and feeder size preferences of the laying hen. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 15, 325-336

Faure, J. M., 1991. Rearing conditions and needs for space and litter in laying hens.

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 31, 111-117

Faure, J. M., 1994. Choice tests for space in groups of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 39, 89-94

Faure, J.M., Lagadic, H., 1994. Elasticity of demand for food and sand in laying hens subjected to variable wind speed. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 42, 49-59

Fink, G., Rosie, R., Sheward, W. J., Thomson, E.Wilson, H., 1991. Steroid control of central neuronal interactions and function. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40, 123-132

Fisher, A. D., Hogan, N., 2003. The use of animal preference and behavioural demand to access animal welfare In: J. E. Paterson (Ed) Manipulating pig production IX. Australasian Pig Science Association (Inc.), Werribee, Australia., 90-99 Fleming, R. H., Whitehead, C. C., Alvey, D., Gregory, N. G., Wilkins, L. J., 1994.

Bone structure and breaking strength in laying hens housed in different husbandry systems. British Poultry Science, 35, 651-662

Fraisse, F., Cockrem, J. F., 2006. Corticosterone and fear behaviour in white and brown caged laying hens. British Poultry Science, 47, 110-119

145 Fraser, D., 2008. Preferences and motivation. In: Understanding animal welfare: the

science in its cultural context. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 191-216

Fraser, D., Matthews, L. R., 1997. Preference and motivation testing In: M. C.

Appleby, Hughes, B.O. (Ed) Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 159-173

Fraser, D., Phillips, P. A. Thompson, B. K., 1993. Environmental preference testing to assess the well-being of animals - An evolving paradigm. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 6 (special supp 2), 104-114

Frederickson, C. J. Frederickson, M. H., 1979. Emergence of spontaneous alternation behaviour in the kitten. Developmental Psychobiology, 12, 615-621

Gadbury, J. C., 1975. Some preliminary field observations on the order of entry of cows into herringbone parlours. Applied Animal Ethology, 3, 275-281

Garris, D. R., 1979. Diurnal fluctuation of plasma cortisol levels in the guinea pig.

Acta endocrinologica, 90, 692-695

Gerken, M., Bamberg, H., Petersen, J., 1988. Studies of the relationship between fear-related responses and production traits in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) bidirectionally selected for dustbathing activity. Poultry Science 67, 1363-1371.

Glatz, P., Ru, Y., 2004. Developing free-range animal production systems. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Publication No. 04/058, Project No. SAR-30A

Grandin, T., Odde, K. G., Schutz, D. N., Behrns, L. M., 1994. The reluctance of cattle to change a learned choice may confound preference tests. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 39, 21-28

Griffin, J. F. T., 1989. Stress and Immunity: a Unifying Concept. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 20, 263-312

Grigor, P. N., Hughes, B. O., Appleby, M. C., 1995. Social inhibition of movement in domestic hens. Animal Behaviour, 49, 1381-1388

Gross, W. B., 1972. Effect of social stress on occurence of Marek's disease in chickens. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 33, 2275-2279

Gross, W. B., Colmano, G., 1969. The effect of social isolation on resistance to some infectious diseases. Poultry Science, 48, 514-520

Guesdon, V., Leterrier, C., Constantin, P., Guemene, D., Couty, M.Faure, J. M., 2004.

Humeral quality and adrenal responsiveness in laying hens reared in standard and furnished cages. Animal Research, 53, 235-243

146 Guhl, A. M., Ortman, L. L., 1953. Visual patterns in the recognition of individuals

among chickens. Condor, 55, 287-298

Gunnarsson, S., Yngvesson, J., Keeling, L. J.Forkman, B., 2000. Rearing without early access to perches impairs the spatial skills of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 67, 217-228

Harrison, R., 1964. Animal Machines: The new factory farming industry. Vincent Stuart

Harrison, P. C., Bercovitz, A. B., Leary, G. A., 1968. Development of eye enlargement of domestic fowl subjected to low light intensity. International Journal of Biometeorology, 12, 351–358

Hartwell, S. I., Ward, W. R., Murray, R. D., 1989. Toxicity versus avoidance response of golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, to five metals. Journal of Fish Biology, 35, 447-456

Haskell, M., Forkman, B., Waddington, D., 1998. An investigation into the occurrence of spontaneous alternation behaviour in the domestic hen.

Behavioural Processes, 43, 43-51

Hauser, J., Huber-Eicher, B., 2004. Do domestic hens discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics in the absence of visual cues? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 85, 65-76

Hayes, W. N., Warren, J. M., 1963. Failure to find spontaneous alternation in chicks.

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 575-577 Heinemann Australian Dictionary, 1995. Holland, M (Ed), n.p., 898

Hemsworth, P.H., Coleman, G.J., Barnett, J.L., Jones, R.B., 1994. Behavioural responses to humans and the productivity of commercial broiler chickens.

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 41, 101-114

Hemsworth, P.H., Karlen, G.M., Arnold, N.A., Moeller, S., Barnett, J.L., 2009. The choice behaviour of pigs in a Y Maze: Effects of deprivation of food, social contact or bedding. Manipulating Pig Production XII. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference of the Australasian Pig Science Association, 27 Hodges, J., 2003. Livestock, ethics, and quality of life. Journal of Animal Science,

81, 2887-2894

Hogan, J. A., 1994. Structure and development of behavior systems. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1, 439-450

Hogan, J. A., van Boxel, F., 1993. Causal factors controlling dustbathing in Burmese red junglefowl: some results and a model. Animal Behaviour, 46, 627-635

147 Holm, L., Ladewig, J., 2007. The effect of housing rats in stimulus rich versus

stimulus poor environment on preference measured by sigmoid double demand curves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 107, 342–354

Holm, L., Ritz, C., Ladewig, J., 2007. Measuring animal preferences: Shape of double demand curves and the effect of procedure used for varying workloads on their cross-point. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 107, 133-146

Hopster, H., Van Der Werf, J. T. N., Blokhuis, H. J., 1998. Side preference of dairy cows in the milking parlour and its effects on behaviour and heart rate during milking. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 55, 213-229

Hosoi, E., Rittenhouse, L. R., Swift, D. M., Richards, R. W., 1995. Foraging strategies of cattle in a Y-maze: influence of food availability. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 43, 189-195

Huber-Eicher, B., Wechsler, B., 1997. Feather pecking in domestic chicks: its relation to dustbathing and foraging. Animal Behaviour, 54, 757-768

Huber-Eicher, B., Wechsler, B., 1998. The effect of quality and availability of foraging materials on feather pecking in laying hen chicks. Animal Behaviour, 55, 861-873

Hughes, R. N., 1965. Spontaneous alternation and response to stimuli change in the ferret. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 60, 149-150 Hughes, B. O., 1971. Allelomimetic feeding in the domestic fowl. British Poultry

Science, 12, 359-366

Hughes, B. O., 1975. Spatial preferences in the domestic hen. British Veterinary Journal, 131, 560-564

Hughes, B. O., 1976. Preference decisions of domestic hens for wire or litter floors.

Applied Animal Ethology, 2, 155-165

Hughes, B. O., 1977. Selection of group size in individual laying hens. British Poultry Science, 18, 9-18

Hughes, R. N., 1989. Lack of spontaneous alternation in domestic fowls and pigeons.

Behavioural Processes, 20, 85-92

Hughes, B. O., 1993. Choice between artificial turf and wire floor as nest sites in individually caged laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 36, 327-355

Hughes, B. O., Appleby, M. C., 1989. Increase in bone strength of spent laying hens housed in modified cages with perches. Veterinary Record, 124, 483-484

148 Hughes, B. O., Appleby, M. C., 1990. Perch use, plumage and foot condition and

bone strength in caged hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 26, 294-295

Hughes, B. O., Black, A. J., 1973. The preference of domestic hens for different types of battery cage floor. British Poultry Science, 14, 615-619

Hutson, G. D., 1984. Animal welfare and consumer demand theory: are preference tests a luxury we can't afford? Anim Behav, 32, 1260-1261

Jackson, R. L., Alexander, J. H., Maier, S. F., 1980. Learned helplessness, inactivity, and associative deficits: effects of inescapable shock on response choice escape learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behaviour Processes, 6, 1-20

Jensen, P., 2006. Domestication - From behaviour to genes and back again. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 97, 3-15

Jensen, P., Toates, F. M., 1993. Who needs 'behavioural needs'? Motivational aspects of the needs of animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 37, 161-181 Jensen, M. B., Pedersen, L. J., 2008. Using motivation tests to assess ethological

needs and preferences Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 113, 340-356 Jensen, M. B., Munksgaard, L., Pedersen, L. J., Ladewig, J., Matthews, L., 2004.

Prior deprivation and reward duration affect the demand function for rest in dairy heifers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 88, 1-11

Johnson, A. L., Van Tienhoven, A., 1981. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone relative to photoperiod, oviposition and ovulation in the domestic hen.

General and Comparative Endocrinology, 43, 10-16

Jones, R. B., 1984. Open-field responses of domestic chicks in the presence of a cagemate or a strange chick. IRCS Medical Science, 12, 482-483

Jones, R.B., 1992. The nature of handling immediately prior to test affects tonic immobility fear reactions in laying hens and broilers Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 34, 247-254.

Jones, R. B., 1994. Regular handling and the domestic chick's fear of human beings:

generalisation of response. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 42, 129-143 Jones, R. B., Faure, J. M., 1981. The effects of regular handling on fear responses in

the domestic chick. Behavioural Processes, 6, 135-143

Jones, R. B., Merry, B. J., 1988. Individual or paired exposure of domestic chicks to an open field: some behavioural and adrenocortical consequences.

Behavioural Processes, 16, 75-86

149 Kare, M. R., Ficken, M. S., 1963. Comparative studies on the sense of taste In: Y.

Zotterman (Ed) Olfaction and taste: proceedings of the first international symposium. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 285-297

Keeling, L. J., Hughes, B. O., Dun, P., 1988. Performance of free-range laying hens in a polythene house and their behaviour on range. Farm Building Progress, 94, 21-28

Keinan, G., 1987. Decision making under stress: scanning of alternatives under controllable and uncontrollable threats. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 639-644

Kenward, M. G., Rogers, J. H. 1997. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics, 53, 983–997

Kerje, S., Carlborg, O., Jacobsson, L., Schutz, K., Hartmann, C., Jensen, P., Andersson, L., 2003. The twofold difference in adult size between the red junglefowl and White Leghorn chickens is largely explained by a limited number of QTLs. Animal Genetics, 34, 264-274

Khalil, A. M., Matsui, K., Takeda, K., 2004. Diurnal and oviposition- related changes in heart rate, body temperature and locomotor activity of laying hens.

Animal Science Journal, 75, 169-174

King, A. J., Cowlishaw, G., 2009. Leaders, followers and group decision-making.

Communicative and Integrative Biology, 2, 147-150

Kirkden, R.D., Pajor, E.A., 2006. Using preference, motivation and aversion tests to ask scientific questions about animal feelings. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 100, 29-47

Knowles, T. G., Broom, D. M., 1990. Limb bone strength and movement in laying hens from different housing systems. Veterinary Record, 126, 354-356

Koolhaas, J.M., de Boer, S.F., Buwalda, B., van Reenen, K., 2007. Individual variation in coping with stress: a multidimensional approach of ultimate and proximate mechanisms. Brain, Behaviour and Evolution 70, 218-226.

Krause, E. T., Naguib, M., Trillman, F., Schrader, L., 2006. The effects of short term enrichment on learning in chickens from a laying strain (Gallus gallus domesticus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 101, 318-327

Kruschwitz, A., Zupan, M., Buchwalder, T., Huber-Eicher, B., 2007. Nest preferences of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and their motivation to exert themselves to gain nest access. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 112,

Kruschwitz, A., Zupan, M., Buchwalder, T., Huber-Eicher, B., 2007. Nest preferences of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and their motivation to exert themselves to gain nest access. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 112,

Documento similar