La evolución del grado de apertura comercial

Reading: Chapter 5 Exercises:

True or False: in the space provided write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

_____ 1. Heterotrophs obtain chemical energy used in metabolism from autotrophs. _____ 2. All organisms need energy to carry on life processes.

_____ 3. Autotrophic organisms use light energy to make organic compounds. _____ 4. Some of the energy in sunlight is captured and used to make organic compounds.

_____ 5. Energy moves through food chains from heterotrophs to autotrophs. _____ 6. Most plants are autotrophic.

_____ 7. Animals that live exclusively by eating other animals are able to use carbohydrates to fuel their life processes.

_____ 8. Most animals are heterotrophic.

_____ 9. ATP is a nucleotide with several carbohydrate groups.

_____ 10. In ATP, two phosphate groups branch from a 4-carbon sugar. _____ 11. Photosynthesis is a process that takes place in most autotrophs. _____ 12. The major light-absorbing pigment in plants is chlorophyll.

_____ 13. When light hits a plant, all of the wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll.

_____ 15. The electron transport chain produces molecules that temporarily store energy in the cell.

_____ 16. The most common method of carbon dioxide fixation is the electron transport chain.

_____ 17. The reactions that “fix” carbon dioxide is sometimes called the light reaction. _____ 18. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvates.

_____ 19. Glycolysis is carried out in the cytoplasm of cells.

_____ 20. Aerobic respiration must follow Glycolysis if a cell is to maximize its ATP production.

_____ 21. Oxygen is not needed for aerobic respiration.

_____ 22. The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen.

_____ 23. If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration, fermentation will occur.

_____ 24. Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic process.

_____ 25. Carbon dioxide produced by yeast used in the rising of bread takes place under aerobic conditions.

Multiple Choice: answer the following multiple choice questions. Write your answers in the space provided.

_____ 1. Photosynthetic organisms get their energy from a) inorganic substances c) heterotrophs

b) light d) autotrophs

_____ 2. Identify the correct sequences of energy.

a) bacteria, fungus, rabbit c) sun, grass, rabbit, fox b) bacteria, sun, flower, deer d) sun, bacteria, hawk, mouse

_____ 3. ATP molecules

a) produce NADPH c) contain five phosphate groups b) can store energy and provide d) help a plant produce carbon dioxide

metabolic reactions _____ 4. In glycolysis,

a) glucose is produced c) four ADP molecules are produced b) four ATP molecules are produced d) aerobic processes occur

_____ 5. Carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin cycle requires a) ATP and NADPH c) ADP and NADPH b) ATP and NADP+ d) ATP and oxygen

_____ 6. The following equation summarizes which of the following processes 3CO2 + 3H2O C3H6O3 + 3O2

a) cellular respiration c) the Calvin Cycle b) photosynthesis d) the Krebs Cycle

_____ 7. Which of the following environmental factors does NOT directly influence the rate of photosynthesis?

a) light intensity c) temperature b) oxygen concentration d) carbon dioxide concentration _____ 8. For each molecule of glucose entering glycolysis, there is net gain of

a) two ATP molecules c) four ATP molecules b) three ATP molecules d) six ATP molecules

_____ 9. Which of the following is NOT a fuel used for cellular respiration?

a) fats c) proteins

b) water d) carbohydrates

_____ 10. Because of photosynthesis,

a) the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas c) plants produce carbon dioxide b) animals get energy directly from d) all of the above

_____ 11. The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is

a) air c) carbon dioxide

b) glucose d) water

_____ 12. During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called

a) Calvin cycle c) Electron transport chain b) Krebs cycle d) none of the above _____ 13. Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur

a) more slowly c) at a constant rate b) more quickly d) none of the above

_____ 14. Which of the following is NOT part of cellular respiration? a) Krebs cycle c) glycolysis

b) Calvin cycle d) electron transport _____ 15. Water is an end product in

a) lactic acid fermentation c) alcoholic fermentation b) Krebs cycle d) electron transport chain

_____ 16. If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration, a) glycolysis stops c) Krebs cycle begins

b) electron transport chain works d) fermentation will occur more efficiently

_____ 17. The process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is

a) respiration c) oxidation

_____ 18. The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on the presence of

a) water c) carbon dioxide

b) glucose d) oxygen

_____ 19. Chlorophyll is green because a) it absorbs green wavelengths of light

b) it absorbs blue and yellow wavelengths, which make green c) it is an optical illusion

d) it reflects all green wavelengths of light

_____ 20. The process in which plants capture energy and make organic molecules is known as

a) development c) photosynthesis b) cellular respiration d) protein synthesis

_____ 21. The major by-product of photosynthesis that is released into the air is

a) oxygen c) carbon dioxide

b) nitrogen d) water

_____ 22. Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released through a) cellular respiration c) protein synthesis

b) photosynthesis d) none of the above

_____ 23. Most autotrophs obtain the energy they need for metabolism through a) eating food c) photosynthesis

b) cellular respiration d) fermentation

_____ 24. The following enables plants to convert light energy to chemical energy a) proton pumps c) sodium-potassium pump

_____ 25. During the first stage of photosynthesis, what is absorbed by chlorophyll?

a) oxygen c) nitrogen

Lesson 2: Cellular Respiration