La metonimia: su aplicación al lenguaje religioso

In the HIMA project, as in previous projects, CARE works closely with the Zanzibar

Department for Commercial Crops, Fruit, and Forestry (DCCFF). DCCFF is administratively placed under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Environment (MALE) as one of eight departments (The Ministry of Agriculture n.d.). For reasons of simplification, I will use

“the Department of Forestry” or “the Department” to refer to the part of DCCFF working with forests. This is also how they are termed in everyday speech.

There is a REDD group in the Department of Forestry which consists of two women; a Leakage Officer and a Community Forest Facilitator, in addition to the District Officers of Forestry. The REDD Unit consists of Zanzibarian nationals. The two women in the unit, as well as the District Officer for the Central District where Kitogani is located, all hold

diplomas in forestry and have long careers in the Department. Through their work they have been involved with organizations like CARE and international donors.

The REDD Unit sees its tasks to include “working with communities and help them with controlling deforestation”. This entails training in raising seedlings and managing

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woodlots, and providing knowledge of sustainable forest use. In addition they are to assist villagers in finding alternative income-generating activities which are less detrimental for the forests. The District Officers in each district where the project is being implemented are coordinators between the villages and the Department, and are often part of the same activities as CARE and the REDD Unit. Additionally they are to provide direct guidance to SCCs.

The Department of Forestry through the REDD Unit is an important partner in the HIMA project with staff members who have educational as well as long professional careers within the field of forestry. Their background is very similar to the CARE staff members and can have the same kind of benefits and disadvantages. Even though development is also a stated goal of the Department, the REDD unit lack official skills within this field. This could be compensated to some extent by the Department’s (and CARE’s) practical experiences with poverty alleviation, but is still, I believe, an issue worth raising.

JECA

CARE and the Department of Forestry cooperate with local organizations in order to

implement the HIMA project and REDD. One of these organizations is Jozani Environmental Conservation Association (JECA). JECA presents itself as a community-based,

non-governmental organization, but was started in the mid-1990s as the Department of Forestry saw that it had trouble controlling the forests in this area. I will revisit this topic later.

JECA began working in seven shehia(pl.) immediately around what became the Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park and soon extended to two more – Kitogani was one of these. The organization is concerned with conservation of natural resources, particularly forests and mangroves, as well as economic and social development. This resembles the combination of concern for both nature and people that CARE and the Department also express. The basis of JECA is SCCs in the nine shehia(pl.), however all residents in the area are considered members. There are a few people volunteering for JECA besides the

representatives from the SCCs. They lead the organization and are the ones I will call the staff of JECA. All of them are local residents who have held other important positions in their home shehia(pl.), a point I will return to. The JECA staff members’ educational level, however, is limited to primary or secondary school. Their way into JECA has been through engagement in local SCCs. In HIMA project documents as well as in my conversations with the other implementers, the low level of education that the JECA staff members (and their

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colleagues in other local organizations) have accomplished was considered a challenge to project implementation.

Staff members are generally not paid, but two staff members are presently funded by the HIMA project and work closely with the other implementers. Outside of the HIMA project, JECA has no fixed budget. The organization is run on an ad-hoc basis depending on whether funding is available, which creates uncertainty and makes long-term planning

difficult. Their biggest donor is CARE, but they have previously also been supported by other international donors. JECA also has some income from the gift shop in the Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park. According to the chairman, JECA currently receives 4 million shillings³ every three months into their account for the HIMA project. Out of this money the two staff members working for the HIMA project get their salary, $600 per month is for office expenditures, and the rest is for different HIMA activities – such as awareness-rising in schools. JECA has a vital role in the HIMA project in their function as a link between CARE and the Department on one side and local villages on the other. I will get back to this in the following and in chapter 4.

SEDCA

Another important partner in the HIMA project is the non-governmental organization of the South Environment Development Conservation Association (SEDCA). In 2007, a group of people in the South District got the idea of starting an organization modeled on JECA in order to do something about the destruction of the surrounding forests. At the time of establishment, there were 11 shehia(pl.) involved and recently a 12^th has been incorporated. Since their founding SEDCA has cooperated with CARE, and at present they are part of the HIMA project in the same way JECA is and receive funding through the project.

3 About $2700.

4 Some information on SEDCA has been provided by Hajj M. Hajj on my request. As stated previously, they play a smaller role in my data material than JECA.

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