TITLE OF RESEARCH: The effects of an undergraduate adaptive ph ysi cal ed ucati on course on th e attit ud es o f p ros p ecti v e p h ys ical edu cato rs to wards in divid ual s with dis abi lities .
INVESTIGATOR: James E. Schoffstall, Department of Health Sciences and Ki nesiol o g y, (43 4) 582 -2 882 .
DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH: The purpose of this investigation is to ev alu at e t he effects of an un dergradu at e ad apt ed ph ys i cal edu cation cou rs e on t h e attitu d es of p re-s ervi ce ph ysical ed ucat ors to wards indivi du als wit h di sabiliti es, usi n g t he Ph ysi cal Ed ucator s’ Att itud e Toward Teaching In divi dual s With Di sab ilities (PE ATID-III) In ventor y.
I, ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ , h av e agreed to p art ici p ate as a subj ect in thi s st ud y. I un derst an d t hat I will be req uired to compl ete th e Physi cal Edu cators ’ Attitu de Towa rd T ea chi ng In divi dua ls Wi th
Disa biliti es (PEAT ID-III) In vento ry two times du rin g t he cou rs e o f t he sem est er, as well as com plet e th e cou rs e requi rements fo r P HED 333 Ad apti ve Ph ys ical Educati on an d/o r P HED 3 34 Ad apt ed Ph ys i cal Edu cation Lab .
EXCLUSIONARY CRITERIA: I certify that I have not taken an adapted ph ysi cal ed ucati on cl ass in t h e p ast .
RISK AND BENEFITS: There is no guarantee of direct benefits to me by parti cip atin g i n thi s stud y. Th e ris ks ass oci at ed in parti cip ati n g in thi s stud y are s imil ar to t hos e ex peri en ced in a n orm al coll ege l ect ure o r ph ysi cal ed ucati on cl ass .
COST AND PAYMENTS:I understand that I will receive no payment for parti cip atin g i n thi s stud y.
NEW INFORMATION: I understand that any new information obtained duri n g th e cou rs e of this res earch t hat is directl y rel ated t o m y
willin gn ess to co ntin ue to parti cip at e i n t his st ud y wi ll b e pro vid ed t o m e. CONFIDENTIALITY: I understand that any data that is collected during the cou rs e o f t his stu d y will be h and led confi denti all y. Yo ur info rm atio n will be assi gned a co de num ber. The list con necti n g yo u r nam e and thi s numb er will b e k ept in a lo ck ed file. Wh en th e st ud y is co mp let ed an d t he dat a has b een an al yz ed, thi s lis t will b e d est ro yed .
WITHDRAWAL PRIVILEGE: If I wish to withdraw from this study I shoul d con tact J ames E. S ch offst all . Th ere is no p en alt y for withd rawin g. COMPENSATION FOR ILLNESS AND INJURY: I understand that in the unli kel y ev en t o f inju r y o r ill ness res ultin g from thi s research
prot ocol, no mon et ary comp en sati on will be made. I am aware th at th e inv esti gat or will p ro vid e m e with b asi c fi rst ai d in th e ev ent o f an i nju r y, but t he y will not pro vid e an y additi on al medi cal s upp ort. I am advis ed that if an y inju r y sh o uld result from p arti cip atio n i n th is i nv es ti gat ion , Li b ert y Univ ersit y a nd th e inv est i gato r, do n ot p ro vid e an y i nsu rance cov erage, free m ed ical care
VOLUNTARY CONSENT/AGREEMENT: I certify that I have read the preced in g s ect ions o f th is d o cum ent , o r it has b een read t o m e; th at I und erstand th e con tents; an d th at an y qu estions I h av e pert aini n g th e research h av e b een o r will be answered b y J ames E. S ch offst all in t h e Healt h S ciences and Kin esio lo g y Departm ent at (434 ) 582 -2 88 2. I m y con tact Dr. R an dall Dav y, Ch airman, In s titutio nal R evi ew Bo ard, Lib ert y Univ ersit y, Lyn ch bu rg, VA 2 450 2 o r b y t el eph on e at (43 4) 58 2-2 440 regard in g m y ri ghts i n thi s st ud y. I h ereb y rel eas e and agree t o ind em nif y and ho ld harml ess Li bert y Un iv ers it y, its agents , empl o yees, s uccesso rs and assi gns, from an y li abilit y fo r an y cl aims th at m a y aris e as a res ult of this res earch stud y a nd/o r m y p arti cip atio n th erei n, an d i n con sideratio n of t he b en efits deri v ed b y me from this res earch stu d y. I also hereb y agree not to su e o r o therwi se ass ert an y claim agai nst Lib ert y Univ ersit y, its agents o r empl o yees fo r an y cau se o f action aris in g out o f the res earch stud y referen ced ab o ve. M y si gn atu re b el ow i ndi cates th at I h av e freel y agreed to p art ici pate in t his i nv esti gat ion .
Subject’s Name (printed) ______________________________
Subject’s Signature __________________ Date ________
I certi f y th at I have ex plai ned t o th e subj ect whos e si gn at ure app ears abo ve th e nat ure and pu rpo se o f th e pot en tial ben efit s and po s sibl e risks ass oci at ed wit h p arti cip atio n i n th is st ud y. I h av e an swered an y qu est ions that h av e b een rais ed b y t h e su bj ect and h av e en co uraged th e s ubj ect to ask additi on al qu esti ons at an y ti me du rin g th e co urs e o f thi s s tud y. Investigator’s Signature ___________________ Date ________
App en dix C
Surve y Ass essm en t Resul ts
1. Aft er compl eti n g th e un dergradu at e ad ap ted p h ysi cal ed ucatio n cou rs e, ho w prep ared do yo u feel yo u are to wo rk with in divi d uals wi th disabiliti es?
• I feel comfortable enough, although, it would take some time
getti n g us ed to it again. I feel com fo rt abl e eno u gh no t to b e s cared of i t. If th at makes s ens e.
• Yes, I understand the different types of physical disabilities and
how to ad ap t di fferent sp ort s t o m eet th ere ph ys i cal limi tat io ns.
• I fell well equipped to work with individuals with disabilities. I
took th e cou rs e i n Sp rin g o f 2 004 , b ut yea h it was co ol.
• I feel very prepared to work with others that have disabilities. • I feel that I am pretty prepared to work with individuals with
disabiliti es . I l earned a lot o f n ew in fo rm atio n abo ut t hese indivi du als th at I d id n 't k no w b efo re I to o k thi s class.
• I feel well prepared.
• After completing the course I do feel more prepared to work with
indivi du als wit h di sabiliti es. I thi nk th e bi ggest reaso n fo r th at thou gh i s th e l ab p art of th e cl ass . Th ere is n othi n g bet ter t han wo rkin g with th e in d ividu als th ems elv es .
• very much so. I actually have able to use the information in my
cl ass ro om s tud ent t eachin g
• I feel a lot more confident in working with indivduals with
disabliliti es for th e n ear fu ture.
• I think that I would definatly be able to work with students that
hav e a dis abl it y. Th e "hand on " p art o f t he Ad apt iv e PE class made it a lot easi er t o rel at e t o who yo u would be wo rki n g wit h. I l ike the cl as s b ecaus e it i ntro du ces yo u to m an y di fferent kid s o f disso rd ers out t h ere. I feel lik e a lot of th e tim e, we as t each ers hav e no cl ue what to do with st ud ents wit h a dis sabilt y. I kno w fo r m ys elf th at I h ave learned a l ot b y t aki n g th at cou rs e.
• Yes
• I feel like I am better prepared to work with individuals with
disabiliti es . I th ink s ince i 'v e gott en mo re ex peri en ce i nteracti n g with th em I feel mu ch mo re com fo rtabl e.
• I felt more confident working with them. I wasn't afraid of them
becaus e I b ett er u nd ersto od som e co nditi o ns and wh y s p eci al needs p eop le res pon d out sid e t he Norm i n so ci al sett in gs.
• As I have already had experience in working with individuals with
disabiliti es thi s class just reit erat ed th e concep ts an d k nowld ege that I h ad al read y ob tain ed . In th e persp ectiv e of a stu dent wit h no previo us ex p eri en ce with th e di sabl ed po pul ation I'm s ure th e cl ass was p ro babl y quit e i nfo rm ativ e.
• A lot better than I was.
• Fairly confident...with the help of others, i feel i would be well
prep ared
• I feel v er y p rep ared to b e abl e t o t each indivi du als wit h disabiliti es .
• So so. I did not take the lab course so I do not know much ideas
abo ut ad apt in g games to meet th eir dis ab i lities .
• I believe that I am much more prepared for working with students
with dis abil iti es. It cov ered m an y di fferent su bj ect s th at were ver y hel pfu l and in fo rm at ive.
• I feel much more confident especially after doing the special
ol ympi cs and int eractin g with th em an d also u nd erst andi n g t h e biolo gical p ro cess es that o ccurs in o rd er for t hat p erso n to h av e a disabilit y.
2. How h as t his course in flu en ced yo u r vi ew o f pers ons wit h disabiliti es?
• None...we all are created by God perfectly
• It has, I feel that they need to be physical stimulated just like a
norm al stu dent
• It has helped me to understand that a disability could happen to
not q ui ck t o j ud ge an yo n e regard in g dis ab ilities. I b eli ev e I would be help ful an d en co u ragin g.
• It has helped me to view people with disabilities at the same as
ev er yo n e el se just no t ph ys i cal l y an d s om etim e m ent all y cap ab le of some t asks .
• Before this class I classified most individuals with disabilities into
the same cat egor y, b ut no w t h at I k no w more ab out each s p ecific disabilit y and h av e wo rk ed with stu d ents with di sabiliti es, I n ow und erstand th at each perso n v ari es j ust li k e n orm al p eop le do .
• I have a lot more compassion, yet understand how ABLE they are to
do th in gs, t hat m a yb e b efo re I would no t hav e ex p ect ed .
• I believe that it has opened my eyes to the fact that these people
reall y d o n eed th e ex ercis e and t hat th e y are indi vidu al s ju st l ike someon e with out a d isab ilit y. All th e y want is a l ittl e bi t o f att enti on an d lo v e.
• Yes def. did. I feel alot more comfortbale around students with
perso ns with dis ab ili ties .
• There were many disabilities that I was not even really aware of. I
feel th at kno win g mo re kn owl ed ge o n th e subj ect h as mad e m e realiz e and t ak e fo r grant ed th e t hin gs th at I h ave in this wo rl d.
• Well, I use to think that I would never be able to teach students
with dis abil iti es. I a lwa ys us e to thi nk, t hat is wh at t he y h ave speci al ed ucati on teach ers fo r. Howev er, I fou nd t hat it is s u ch a
bles sin g to work wi t h child ren with a di s abili t y becaus e yo u are still t eachin g th em, as well as h avi n g a great tim e with th em. The y are learnin g and h avi n g fun th rou gho ut t h e ex peri en ce, an d wh at a bett er wa y to t each , t hen to teach th em wi th fun.
• i see them more as people who simply need assistance with enjoying
oth er games
• My views haven't really changed much. I think the course just
fu rth er grou nd ed m y views an d b eli efs.
• I used to kind of feel that they should just be put aside from the rest
of so ciet y. I was afraid o f t hem and som et imes dis gust ed b y so me thin gs I woul d s ee th em do. But havin g so me kno wl ed ge of wh at hap pen ed or h app en s to t hei r mus cl es or brain th at caus es th em to mov e , act, o r t alk di fferentl y I no w s impl y vi ew th em as p eop l e.
• Again from the perspective of an individual with no previous
ex peri en ce wi th t he disabl ed pop ulation t his cl ass sh ed li ght o n th e fact th at alth ou gh a perso n mi ght have a disabilit y th e y are s t ill a cap abl e p erso n and s hould b e t reated lik e a "no rm al " i ndi vidu al.
• It has opened my eyes to a whole new world of people that need
assi stan ce. I h av e a much great er resp ect fo r t hem.
• i definitely feel more comfortable about them and i am able to
rel at e more to t h em.
• It changed my views in that I would have never wanted a student or
can m ak e a di fferent in th es e stud en ts li ves th rou gh m ov em ent edu catio n.
• This course gave me a great inside look on students with
disabiliti es . The fact sh eet s als o h elp ed me l earn abo ut t heir disabiliti es .
• Before taking this class some of the other students had fears of
reserv ati ons con cern in g p erso ns with di sabiliti es. I di d n ot b ecaus e the scho ols I att en ded for p rim ar y edu cati on h ad int egrat ed
pro grams for sp eci al edu catio n. I enjo yed wo rki n g with th e vi sitors from t he cl as s and fo und i t to b e a ver y rewardi n g ex p eri en ce.
• I definitely see things from their point of view through playing the
gam es and real izin g that ht e y still h av e a mind an d abili ties, b ut just wo rk a littl e d ifferen tl y.
3. How h as t his course in flu en ced yo u r Ch rist ian wo rldvi ew?
• None...God is in control of all things.
• I don't know that I ever viewed it as a mission opportunity.
• To love one another and treat others as you would like to be treated. • It has helped me to realize we as Christians have a job to do in this
wo rld, and th at is to hel p th os e who are l ess fort un at e th en us .
• I see that even individuals that have disabilities bring just as much
beli ev e th at God d esi gned p eo pl e li ke this an d t he y h av e j ust as much o f a pu rpos e h ere on earth t han I d o.
• I think having a better heart for those in need of adapted phys ed. • I believe this course has strengthened my worldview.
• More then anything it helped me learn how important it is to
und erstand th at ev eryo n e is created i n Gods i mage.
• Any classes where I learn to greater expand my horizon on teaching
kids wit h di sabilit es or non dis ab iliti es i mpacts m y life as a
ch risti an b ecaus e it s hows m e h ow mu ch more ch risti an t each ers are need ed in t he s cho ol s yst ems
• It really has opened my mind to show that everyone should be
accept ed to do an yth in g t he y are cap abl e of doin g. I thi nk t h at so man y tim es , so ci et y limits t he ri ght s o f i ndivi du als with a
disabilit y. I do n 't believ e t h at it is ri ght t o limit th ei r wa y o f accomplis hin g th in gs . M y Ch rist ian worl dvi ew on this asp ect is that we are to treat ever yo ne th e sam e. .. with t end er, lov e, and care.
• it's made me see others as equals
• I think it's just influenced me to show God's love equally to
ev er yo n e, wheth er th e y hav e a di sabilit y or not.
• That's deep. but to keep it short It has reminded me that we as
hum ans jud ge at th e outsi de app earan ce (whi ch we d o n ot keep for et ernit y), but Go d l o oks at ou r h earts an d th at I s houl d lo ok at th e heart o f a pers on m o re th en th e o ut er app earan ce.
• It has not had much influence on my Christian worldview.
• It has taught me to love and care for everyone, no matter what they
are lik e.
• Has strengthened the idea that God does not make mistakes and that
thes e indi vid ual s are just as bl ess ed as m e, if not mo re. th e y are the most consi d erat e and h app y p eopl e i h av e m et as a grou p.
• The course influenced my Christian worldview as it helped me see
thes e indi vid ual s as creat ed i n God 's i mage an d t hus as equ al to m e in th e e yes o f o ur Heav enl y Fath er.
• No, not to a great extent.
• I think it gave me a greater awareness of the needs of others around
me. It also m ad e m e th ank ful for th e abil ities I h av e.
• I can look at those people with more compassion now that i
und erstand th em, an d not pit t y t hat th e y aren 't li k e m e b ut wi th a sen se o f admi ratio n t hat th e y do wh at th ey do d espi te th ei r
disabilit y. It 's easier to sh ow Ch rist 's l ov e no w to p eop le lik e t hat now th at I am m ore und erstandi n g.
4. Do yo u bel ieve stud en ts comi n g fro m a faith -b as ed un iv ersit y are an y mo re o r l es s p repared t o work with i ndivi du als with di sabiliti es t han stud ents fro m a n on -fai th based u niv ersit y? Ex plai n yo u r ans wer.
• No...I think as far as working with individuals with disabilities,
with dis abil iti es j ust as eas y. I t hin k th at the wa y in whi ch th e wo rk i s t ermed is wh ere th e li ne d raws between a Ch risti an an d non -Ch risti an . A no n-Ch rist ian can i n fact care fo r an ind ivid ual