III. EXPERIENCIAS MÁS AVANZADAS DE COOPERACIÓN EN MATERIA DE AGRICULTURA Y SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN ALC
2) La Política Agrícola Centroamericana (PACA) del CAC (2007)
Kimi no kokyoo wa ph doko ka ne ? Where are you originally from?
5. Placed at the end of a phrase, as a meaningless particle used just to set a rhythm. Not translatable.
A) i 答i まで車で荇って、 それから「ね （ねえ）|、 そ の 筅 は 眾 い て 頂 上 まで¥ったよ。
Gogoo-me made kuruma de itte, conjsore kara [ne(nee) |, sono saki wa aruite choojoo made nobotta yo.
We drove to the half way point, and then after that, we walked all the way up to the peak of the mountain.
B) あたし[ね（ねえ)]、今日かけっこで一等になったのよ。
n Atashi ine(nee)], kyoo kakekko de it-too ni natta no yo.
I came in first in a running race today.
6. Same as 5, but in the set phrases “anone あのね” and “da ne/desu ne だ ね/ ですね.”
English approximation: various translations, depending on the circum
stances.
A ) あのIね（ねえ）]、> 晚僕の（5 うからまた電話するよ。
interj Ano ine(nee)], konban boku no hoo kara mata denwa-suru yo.
Listen, I’ll call you again tms evening.
B ) そうだ!}a (ねえ）]、 もう一年前になるんだ、卒業したのは。
ci Soo da [ne(nee) L moo ich卜nen mae ni naru-n da, sotsugyoo-shita no wa.
Yeah, you’re right, it’s been a year already since I graduated.
N I に
FUNDAMENTALS OF “NI に”
Precedes verbs which indicate the existence of people or things in a certain place, or which show direction, movement or action. In the latter case, it is interchangeable with the particle “e へ’’ （see p. 30).
1 . After a noun or a nominal.
1 ) Placed after a noun or a nominal, it shows that the noun/nominal is the place in which the subject of the sentence exists.
English approximation: “at” “in” “on”
Some of the verbs that often follow “ni に’’ are:
aru あ る （to be, to be present, to exist)~used for inanimate objects, iru い る （to be, to be present, to exist)~used for animate things.
kurasu 暮らす< (to live, to get along) nezasu 根ざすね (to stem from)
のこ
nokoru 残 る （to remain, to stay behind)
お つ
ochitsuku 落ち着く（to settle down) sumu 住 む （す to live)
tomaru 泊 ま る （と to stay over)
つと
tsutomeru 勤 め る （to work at) ukabu 浮 か ぶ (to float)
上こ
yokotawaru 横 た わ る (to lie down)
A ) っ4 ぇのM 回 笨 がぁります。
Tsukue no n. ue [ni] hon ga ari-masu.
There is a book on the desk.
b )わたし誠は東京駅の近く んでいます。
Watashi-tachi wa tookyoo-eki no n.chikaku [mi sunde-imasu.
We live in a place near Tokyo Station.
C )兔てごらん、 このぽ「に1コイがたくさんいるよ。
Mite goran, kono n ike I ni | koi ga takusan iru yo.
Look, there are many carp in this pond.
D )大 昔 、火 星 が あ っ た そ う だ 。
Oo-mukashi, r kasee [nT| mizu ga atta soo da.
They say that a long time ago, there was water on Mars.
E )あなたはどこ|7T|お勤めですか？
Anata wa n doko [ni] otsutome desu ka?
Where do you work? (literally: Which place are you working at?) F )道 雪 が た く さ ん 残 っ て い ま す 。
n Michi ni yuki ga takusan nokotte-imasu.
There is a lot of snow left on the street. «> 科 ,
G )あそ' 丨 Asoko
立っている男の人は今川さんです。
tatte-iru otoko no hito wa imagawa-san aesu.
The man standing over there (literally:
at that place) is Mr. Imagawa.
120
H ) あの壁|に|かかっている桧はきれいですね。
Ano n kabe [n\\ kakatte-iru e wa kiree desu ne.
The painting hanging on that wall is beautiful.
2) After a noun, indicates the direction or the destination of an action.
English approximation: “to” “in” “on” “into”
I am going to England next month.
ぼく |---1かえ いもうとがっこう かえ
Chichi wa n. kaisha [ni] dekake-mashita.
My father has left for his office.
善& のいい薪|7T|鉍柊したいね。
Keshiki no ii n tokoro [mi ryokoo-shi-tai ne.
Don’t you want to travel to a place with nice scenery?
121
F ) 太陽は西|に|沈みます。
Taiyoo wa n.nishi [nT| shizumi-masu.
The sun sets in the west.
G ) さぁ、焱祥 蟲 回 条 る爲 I 今ですょ。
Saa, n hikooki [n\\ noru jikan desu It’s time to get on the plane now.
3) After an abstract condition or state, indicates that the action prescribed by a related verb is proceeding toward it.
English approximation: “to” or not translatable.
A ) 来月スキー回存きませんか？
Raigetsu n sukii im i ild-masen ka?
Would you like to go skiing next month?
B )彼らは恋|に|おちた。
Karera wa n.koi [mi ochita.
They fell in love.
C ) ぬ 良 は 終 回 X った。
Morita-shi wa n. seekai ni haitta.
Mr. Morita joined the political circle.
D ) あ な た は も う 投 票 存 き ま し た か ？
Anata wa moo n toohvoo ni iki-mashita ka?
122
Have you already gone to vote?
E )わ た し は 午 後 会 議I ます。
Watashi wa gogo n. kaia| [ni] de-masu.
I’m going to attend a meeting this afternoon.
4) In the pattern “… ni naru (nari-masu)〜 に な る (なります）” or “… ni
The traffic light has turned green. Let’s cross the street.
もう^ なりましたね。
Moo n aki [mi nari-mashita ne.
It’s become autumn, hasn’t it?
わたしのネk l •は で1^っ 鯊 回 な り ま し た 。
Watashi no sobo wa n. kyuujus-sai ni nari-mashita.
My grandmother has turned ninety.
That store which used to be a pharmacy is now an optician’s.
5) Indicates the time that an action takes/took place.
ni
English approximation: “on” “in” “at”
A ) 報 は ^:H 綠 回 益 •まります。
Gakkoo wa mainichi n hachi-ji han ni hajimari-masu.
School starts at eight thirty every morning.
B ) ゎたしはゅタH 爲 回 I I ります。
Watashi wa yuugata n. shichi-ji ni kaeri-masu.
I’ll be going home/coming home at seven in the evening.
C ) わたしはずM 聶轱回コーヒーを焱みました。
Watashi wa n kyuukee-[ikan ni