La Rítmica como metodología de Jaques-Dalcroze

These fires arise on industrial sites as a result of loss containment followed by fuel releases and, potentially, result in severe accidents. Industry poses the main tasks for specialists in CES concerned with this sort of accidents: what are possible typical

“scenarios” of the accidents, including worst-case’ scenarios, effects on the surroundings and how to estimate the fuel mass (energy) released.

The 1989 railway catastrophe in Russia, near the city of Ufa (capital of Bashkiria) in the Eastern part of the Ural mountains is an extreme example of how dangerous the releases of liquefied hydrocarbons into the atmosphere can be. The Ufa-catastrophe, the World’s largest disaster, followed such a the release into the atmosphere resulting in a huge fire which killed or injured more than 1000 people.

The cause of the disaster was the rupture of a pipeline for pumping liquefied fuel (propane, butane and heavier fractions of hydrocarbons) under a pressure of 28 atmospheres. As a result of hydrocarbon release a dense vapour cloud covered a large forest area of 2.5km and railway tracks. Passenger trains travelling in opposite directions came into the cloud. When they passed each other, a series of explosions initiated a huge fire and fireball, heat radiation from which was the major killer of people.

Fire and the accompanying hydrodynamics consequence specified in [28], i.e.

“hydrodynamics stage” of accident following by multi-explosions, were the key phenomena for the exploration of possible accident scenario and the estimation of the involved fuel mass. This approach has proven to be useful. Analysis in [28] shows that formation and rising of a buoyant fireball provides on explanation for the brief hurricane that followed. Further study could lead to the creation of an independent method for the assessment of vapour cloud hazards, based on relations between the mass of released fuel and characteristics of the flow field induced by the fire.

4 Conclusion

This brief consideration shows clearly that the future development of FSE is dependant on flexible and close reciprocal links with CES allowing for effective solutions of modern problems coming from industry. Also, better provision of education for those concerned with fire studies and fire protective communities should be born in mind…

The motto of the EuroFire’95 is “Bridging the Gap”. Being applied to research in FE, this motto would denote necessary unification of efforts of specialists from these two fields “to go forward together”.

5 Acknowledgement

The authors thanks British Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for supporting his work in fire modelling, Grant Ref. GR/J85035, and fuel cloud behaviour, Grant Ref. GR/K 13486.

Research in fire engineering 15

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3

CRITICAL CONDITIONS FOR