1.3 La abeja melífera como modelo experimental
1.3.2 La recolección de recursos en la abeja melífera
Performed by Kenneth Gerber, M.D. and Richard F. Merritt Analysis by Edward Delvers
In this experiment, a fully enclosed, electrically driven gyroscope is released to fall freely under the influence of gravity. The elapsed time taken to fall a measured distance of 10.617 feet was measured, with the rotor stopped and also with the rotor spinning at approximately 15,000 RPM.
Data was gathered on a Chronometrics Digital Elapsed Time Clock measuring 1/10,000
second, actuated by two photo transistor sensors placed in the paths of two light beams which were consecutively interrupted by the edge of the casing of the falling gyroscope.
The gyroscope, of total weight 7.23 lbs (rotor weight 4.75 lbs, case weight 2.48 lbs) was
released to fall along its axis. Electrical leads supplying power to the 4 1/4" diameter rotor were disconnected just prior to release.
Experimental Set-up d0 --- | | .452 ft. ______ | | | | Gyro | |______ | | | | phototransistor d1 ---Light---|||||||--- | Source | | | | | | 10.617 ft. | | | | phototransistor d2 ---Light---||||||--- Source | |___________| release, t0 = 0 seconds
Fully enclosed, electrically driven gyroscope released to fall along its axis. Rotor speed approximately 15,000 rpm, rotor weight 4.75 lbs, case weight 2.48 lbs, rotor diameter 4 1/4" (total weight 7.23 lbs)
elapsed time measurement begins, t = t1 Chronometrics Digital Elapsed Time Clock measuring 1/10,000 second, actuated by signals from phototransistors
elapsed time measurement ends, t = t2
Gyro Drop Experiment
|
Padded receptacle
to catch gyroscope
Summary of Experimental Results
Non-Rotating (NR) Rotating (R)
t0 0.0 sec 0.0 sec
t1 .1677 sec .1674 sec
t2 .82973 sec .82837 sec
Measured elapsed time, with +/- standard deviation (.66203 +/- .000996 sec) (.66097 +/- .000824 sec)
Number of runs 13 7
Acceleration 32.1549* ft/sec2 32.2619 ft/sec2
Change in acceleration: ∆a = (aR - aNR) = .1070 feet/second2
*NOTE: Value for gravitational acceleration at sea level, 39° Latitude (Washington, D.C.) based on the formula of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The data for the non-rotating gyroscope is normalized to this value, and the data for the rotating gyroscope is compared to it.
Fictitious Force Increment
A hypothetical, fictitious force increment which would have to be applied to the non-rotating gyroscope to impart the increased acceleration noticed in its rotating mode, was calculated for comparison purposes.
Force increment: ∆F = (FR - FNR) = .024 lbs = .38 oz .
Data
Non-Rotating Rotating
Run Number Time Run Number Time
1 .6604 seconds 1 .6617 seconds 2 .6603 seconds 2 .6616 seconds 3 .6614 seconds 3 .6605 seconds 4 .6630 seconds 4 .6618 seconds 5 .6623 seconds 5 .6613 seconds 6 .6623 seconds 6 .6601 seconds
Gyro Drop Experiment
7 .6622 seconds 7 .6598 seconds 8 .6618 seconds 9 .6627 seconds 10 .6615 seconds 11 .6639 seconds 12 .6627 seconds 13 .6619 seconds
Mean +/- Standard Deviation = .66203 +/- .000996 sec = .66097 +/- .000824 sec
Statistical Analysis
Value for Student's "t" Test: t = 2.3980, p = .0275355685 (18 degrees of freedom)
On the basis of the Standard Deviations of the data from this experiment, one can say with a 97% level of confidence that a fully encased, spinning gyroscope drops faster than the identical gyroscope non-spinning, when released to fall along its axis.
Appendix
The following are calculations performed on the measured data to arrive at the values given in the Summary of Experimental Results (above).
1. Calculation to find velocity v1 at the beginning of elapsed time measurement for the Non-Rotating gyroscope, using the equation,
d = vit + 1/2 at2
where:
d = (d2 - d1) = 10.617 feet (measured) t = (t2 - t1) = .66203 seconds (measured) a = 32.1549 ft/sec2 (normalized value)
vi = unknown, velocity v1 at time t1 Substituting values: vi = 5.393 feet/sec
●
2. Calculation to find the distance between release position and beginning of elapsed time measurement segment for the Non-Rotating gyroscope.
●
Gyro Drop Experiment
vf2 = v
i2 + 2ad
where:
vf = 5.393 ft/sec (from 1. above) vi = 0 ft/sec (initial velocity)
a = 32.1549 ft/sec2 (normalized value)
d = (d1 - d0) = unknown.
Solving the equation: d = (d1 - d0) = .4522 feet
3. Calculation to find the time already spent falling when the elapsed time measurement begins for the Non-Rotating condition of the gyroscope.
vf = vi + at where:
vf = v1 at t1 = 5.393 ft/sec (from 1. above) vi = 0 ft/sec
a = 32.1549 ft/sec2 (normalized value)
t = (t1 - t0) = unknown
Solving the equation: t = (t1 - t0) = .1677 seconds
●
4. Calculation to find the total time taken to fall total distance for the Non-Rotating condition of the gyroscope.
ttotalNR = (t2 - t1)NR + (t1 - t0)NR = .66203 + .1677 = .82973 seconds dtotalNR = (d2 - d1)NR + (d1 - d0)NR = 10.617 + .4522 = 11.0692 feet
●
5. Calculation to find time already spent falling by the Rotating gyroscope when elapsed time measurement begins. This assumes the acceleration of the Rotating gyroscope is constant. It is found by comparing the ratio or the initial time interval to measured
elapsed time interval for the Non-Rotating gyroscope, to that of the Rotating gyroscope.
●
Gyro Drop Experiment
(t1 - t0)NR / (t2 - t1)NR = (t1 - t0)R / (t2 - t1)R where: (t1 - t0)NR = .1677 sec. (calculated) (t2 - t1)NR = .66203 sec. (measured) (t1 - t0)R = unknown (t2 - t1)R = .1674 seconds
6. Calculation to find acceleration (aR) of the Rotating gyroscope using total time and total distance values, using the equation:
d = vit + 1/2 at2 where: d = 11.069 ft (from 4. above) vi = 0 ft/sec a = aR = unknown t = ttotalR = (t2 - t1)R + (t1 - t0)R = .66097 + .1674 = .62837 seconds Solving the equation: a = aR = 32.2619 feet/second2
●
7. Change in acceleration:
∆a = aR - aNR = 32.2619 ft/sec2 - 32.1549 ft/sec2 = .1070 ft/sec2
Percent change in acceleration: ∆a / aNR = .00333 = .333%
8. Fictitious Force Increment: Calculation to find a hypothetical, fictitious force increment which would have to be applied to the Non-Rotating gyroscope to cause the increased acceleration observed for the Rotating gyroscope. The mass (ms) of the gyroscope is assumed not to have changed for the purposes of this calculation.
Using the equation: F = ma a ratio is set up:
FNR / FR = mNRaNR / mRaR where:
●
Gyro Drop Experiment
FNR = 7.23 lbs (measured gyro and case weight) FR = unknown
aNR = 32.1549 ft/sec2 (normalized value)
aR = 32.2619 ft/sec2 (from 6. above)
Solving the equation: F = 7.254 lbs.
The fictitious force increment is: ∆F = FR - FNR = 7.254 - 7.23 = .024 lbs, or converted to ounces: .024 lbs x 16 oz/lb = .38 ounces
References
1. "The Effect of Gravity on Rotating Objects," Edward C. Delvers and Bruce E. DePalma, March 18, 1974, Simularity Institute reprint.
2. "Is God Supernatural," Robert L. Dione, Bantam Books, NY, 1976, 553-02723-150.
3. "Gyro Drop Experiment," by Kenneth Gerber, M.D., U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014, Richard F. Merritt, and Edward Delvers, 1977.
4. "The Cause of Gravitation," A. Bernard Rendle, Modal Research, 51 Dorking Rd, Gt. Bookham, Surrey, England, 1971.
5. Unpublished "Elastic Collision Experiment Data," Simularity Institute report.
Return To Gravity Contents Gyro Drop Experiment
The Gyroscopic Particle -- The Essence of Energy
Scientist and inventor Joseph Newman, as he studied the original writings of James Clerk Maxwell, the father of electromagnetic theory, discovered the statement made by Maxwell that in a magnetic field there exists "matter in motion."
On page 125 of James Clerk Maxwell: a Biography by Ivan Tolstoy are recorded the words of Maxwell, "The theory I propose may...be called a theory of the Electromagnetic Field because it has to do with the space in the neighborhood of the electric or magnetic bodies, and it may be called a Dynamical Theory, because it assumes that in that space there is matter in motion, by which the observed electromagnetic phenomena are
produced." (Emphasis added)
With further study Newman discovered that this "matter in motion" in the magnetic field of atoms consists of extremely small gyroscopic particles which are spinning at the speed of light and traveling at the speed of light. All atoms contain a magnetic field that consists of gyroscopic particles emanating from the south pole of atoms, continuing on the outside of atoms and then returning in the north pole.
Although never seen, the effects of these gyroscopic particles indicate that they consist of spinning balls of matter. In his book, THE ENERGY MACHINE, Joseph Newman
demonstrated how a gyroscope acts the same way as these gyroscopic particles act when they produce an electric current in a copper wire when the wire is passed through the magnetic field of a horseshoe magnet.
Newman attributes the production of current when a wire is passed through the field at right angles to the flow of magnetic flux, but does not produce current if the wire is passed in parallel through the field, to the spin of these gyroscopic particles. Since the field
consists of gyroscopic particles all rotating in the same plane, a current is produced in a wire when it is passed through the field lines at right angles because the wire hits the gyroscopic particles as it passes through their line of orbit. When the gyroscopic particles hit electrons in the wire, the electrons are knocked down the wire in the direction of the gyroscopic particle spin thus producing an electric current. However, if the wire is passed through the magnetic field parallel to the magnetic flux, the gyroscopic particles in the magnetic field lines are spinning at right angles to the wire and so cannot knock electrons down the wire, and so no current is produced. To get current, the wire has to be passed through the magnetic field lines at right angles to the magnetic flux so the spinning
gyroscopic particles when hitting electrons in the wire will knock them down the wire in the direction of the gyroscopic particle spin.
The gyroscopic particle, postulated by James Clerk Maxwell and named by Joseph
Newman, is the smallest particle of matter. All other particles of matter, protons, neutrons, electrons, etc., consist of combinations of gyroscopic particles spinning together in as yet to be defined configurations. With sufficient knowledge of the nature of these gyroscopic particles, it should be possible to devise a way to construct atoms with them. Instead of building a house, you could "grow" one.
The Gyroscopic Particle -- The Essence of Energy
By understanding the nature of gyroscopic particles, how they originate and compose all particles of matter, we can comprehend how they are the essence of energy. Indeed, the gyroscopic particle is what all electromagnetic radiation consists of, and the secret of its origin and control will lead us to the cause and control of gravity itself. To do this we will need to look into the structure of the atom and its nucleus where the cause of gravity originates.
Next: How Atomic Nuclei Cause the Ether Flow We Call Gravity Back to Gravity Contents
The Gyroscopic Particle -- The Essence of Energy
How Atomic Nuclei Cause the Ether Flow We Call Gravity
What is the cause of the gravitational force? -- it is produced by a vacuum in the nucleus of atoms. Atoms have the same shape as the earth. They are hollow with a central
nucleus radiation generator (a central sun) and polar openings in their electron shell. The radiation emitted by the nuclear radiation generator consists of spinning gyroscopic
particles of ether that emit from the south polar opening of the atom and become part of the magnetic field of the atom.
Gyroscopic particles are continually being lost from the magnetic fields of atoms by the collision of free-flying electrons and other particles into the magnetic field of atoms. This causes gyroscopic particles to be knocked out of the field in the form of light and other electromagnetic radiation. It is the theory of this author that gyroscopic particles lost from the magnetic field of atoms are continually being replaced by newly created gyroscopic particles within the nucleus of atoms. If this was not so, atoms would eventually lose so many gyroscopic particles from these collisions that they would lose their magnetic field and become very cold. Our planet would become uninhabitable within a short period of time if gyroscopic particles lost from the magnetic fields of atoms in the form of heat and light were not replaced by newly created ones made from the ether of space.
Newly created gyroscopic particles are formed in the nucleus of atoms from the Ether which fills all space including the space within atoms. The effect of gravity, then, is produced when newly created gyroscopic particles are formed within the nucleus of atoms from the Ether of space. In fact, the ether of space is the prime construct of the universe. It's flow into matter creates the effect we know as gravity. It's formation into gyroscopic particles in the nucleus of atoms creates the magnetic field of the atom. As the nucleus forms gyroscopic particles from the ether of space, a vacuum is created in the ether in the nucleus of the atom. The ether of space rushes in to fill this void. As the ether rushes into the nucleus to fill the vacuum created there by the creation of
gyroscopic particles from the ether, it exerts a pressure on all matter it passes through. This pressure of the ether rushing into all the atoms of the earth is what keeps our feet firmly planted on the ground. It also keeps the electrons in orbit about the nucleus of the atom, and the gyroscopic particles in the magnetic field of the atom. And when
gyroscopic particles are knocked out of the atom's magnetic field by loosing flying
electrons and other particles, they fly through space in little bunches called photons and create light, heat and radio waves.
In fact, the ether of space would be a prime candidate for solving the illusive development of The Unified Field Theory of physics. Maybe we could take a look at how The Unified Field Theory could be developed using our knowledge of the ether, its flow in and around particles of matter and its transformation into gyroscopic particles of matter.
Next: The Unified Field Theory Back to Gravity Contents
How Atomic Nuclei Cause the Ether Flow We Call Gravity