Labor del indecopi en el procedimiento de reconocimiento de créditos

www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors2.xml

Make a decision from a small selection of ISOs to make the build easier for your environment

Customise your system down to the smallest part to make sure it runs as smooth as possible Customise the kernel so that there’s no bloat in your system

01

Install and boot

Grab the minimal Gentoo live image and install it to a CD in whatever way you prefer. Restart your system and boot from CD/DVD, and press Enter at the boot screen. You’ll then be asked if you want to change your keymap with some option, otherwise it will take you to the live system command line.

02

Partitioning

We now need to set up the disc so we can install to it. We’ll use Parted. First, check the current layout with:

# parted /dev/sda

And then enter print in the new Parted command prompt. Use rm [number] to remove partitions of that number that you don’t need.

04

Make fi le systems

Quit out of Parted with quit. You’ll now need to make the partitions into fi le systems using the following commands:

# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1 # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3

Create the swap with:

# mkswap /dev/sda2

And then swapon with:

# swapon /dev/sda2

05

Mount partitions

Before we continue, we need to mount the partitions. Do this by fi rst mounting the storage as /mnt/gentoo:

# mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo

Create a boot folder within this:

# mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot

Mount the boot folder:

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot

03

Create partitions

We’re going to start from a blank hard drive. We’ll need a boot partition, a swap and some space. Use the following three commands:

mkpart primary ext2 0 32mb

mkpart primary linux-swap 32mb [32 + RAM]mb

mkpart primary ext4 [32 + RAM]mb -1s

Agree to or ignore any prompts. The option at the end of the third command tells Parted to fi ll up the rest of the disc.

06

On time

Make sure the clock is correctly confi gured to UTC time by simply entering

date. If it’s not, make it UTC time with the following command:

07

Take the stage

Move to mount point you just created with cd, and then type the following to get a list of mirrors for the stage 3 tarball:

# links http://www.gentoo.org/main/ en/mirrors.xml

Navigate using the arrow keys to your nearest mirror, go to releases, then your architecture, current stage3, and download a stage3 tarball.

08

Extraction

Unpack the tarball you just downloaded with this:

# tar xvjpf stage3-*.tar.bz2

Once it’s unpacked, open the confi guration fi le using nano:

# nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/ make.conf

And then we will be able to start some of the initial confi guration.

09

Make options

The default options already in the confi guration fi le should be good enough for most systems. We can also add an option for how many parallel compilations can occur at once by adding this to the bottom:

MAKEOPTS="-j[X]"

…where X is the number of cores you have plus one. Save and exit with Ctrl+X.

# date MMDDhhmmYYYY

10

Prepare build environment

We’re nearly ready to start building. Save the network/DNS details to the environment with:

# cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/ gentoo/etc/

Next, mount the /proc fi le systems, and then bind them to /dev and /sys with:

# mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/ proc

# mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys # mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev

11

Enter build environment

The build environment is technically your new Linux environment. We need to make some changes so we can enter it fi rst – basically change the directory we created to root using chroot with:

# chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash # source /etc/profile

# export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

12

Portage

We need the latest Portage snapshot before we go any further. Emerge it with:

# emerge-webrsync

This will allow us to install all the packages we need. Update Portage before continuing with:

# emerge --sync

13

Installation profi le

You’ll now need to choose how to build Gentoo by setting a specifi c profi le. There are three profi les, two of which are of interest to us – Desktop and Server. This will determine the type of packages we use. Set it with:

# eselect profile set 2

2 is desktop; change it to 3 for a server.

14

USE me

The USE variable in make.conf is a powerful tool to confi gure compiling so it only installs the package support you require. A full list of these fl ags can be found online or in your system at:

# less /usr/portage/profiles/use. desc

We’ll make our system so it will install fi les for GNOME and GTK, as well as add ALSA and DVD support. Edit the make fi le with:

# nano -w /etc/portage/make.conf

And change USE to:

USE="gtk gnome -qt4 -kde dvd alsa"

15

Kernel time

List the available time zones with:

# ls /usr/share/zoneinfo

For London, we will do the following:

# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/ London /etc/localtime

# echo "Europe/London" > /etc/ timezone

Now it’s time to download our kernel. First, get gentoo-sources with:

# emerge gentoo-sources

Check what kernel version gentoo-sources is pointed at with:

# ls -l /usr/src/linux

From here, you can start modifying the kernel fl ags by entering:

# cd /usr/src/linux # make menuconfig

Make sure to change only the kernel options you need to. Activate any other required modules. Once done, exit the confi guration.

16

Compile kernel

The moment of truth – time to compile your kernel. Do this with:

# make && make modules_install

This will take a while depending on the amount of modules and options you activated. Once it’s fi nished, install the kernel with:

# cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/ kernel-[X]-gentoo

…with X being the number we found last step.

19

Networking

You’ll need to confi gure your network for after the reboot. First enter the confi g fi le with:

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/net

And add this like:

config_eth0="dhcp"

If you’re using static IPs, you can add them instead of DHCP. Save, and then make it bootable with:

# cd /etc/init.d # ln -s net.lo net.eth0

# rc-update add net.eth0 default

20

Root setup

Set the root password with the standard

passwd command. Now set some basic services

by editing:

# nano -w /etc/rc.conf

Keymaps with:

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps

And the hardware clock:

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock

If this is not UTC, add clock="local" to the fi le

21

Your locale

Specify your locales for the system. A basic setup will need you to edit:

# nano -w /etc/locale.gen

…and add:

en_GB ISO-8859-1 en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8

Save, exit and then type locale-gen. Set it as default in /etc/env.d/02locale with:

LANG="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="C"

And then reload the environment with:

# env-update && source /etc/profile

22

Bootloading

We need to install GRUB so we can boot into Gentoo after a restart. Compile it with:

# emerge grub

Now create the grub.conf fi le with:

23

GRUB code

default 0 timeout 15

title Gentoo Linux root (hd0,0)

kernel /boot/kernel-3.8.13-gentoo root=/dev/sda3

title Gentoo Linux (rescue) root (hd0,0)

kernel /boot/kernel-3.8.13-gentoo root=/dev/sda3 init=/bin/bb

Make sure to use the correct kernel number. Save and exit.

24

GRUB setup and reboot

Create an mtab to install GRUB to with:

# grep -v rootfs /proc/mounts > / etc/mtab

And fi nally, install it with:

# grub-install --no-floppy /dev/sda

To reboot into your brand new system, exit the chroot and reboot with:

# exit cdimage ~# cd

cdimage ~# umount -l /mnt/gentoo/ dev{/shm,/pts,}

cdimage ~# umount -l /mnt/gentoo{/ boot,/proc,}

cdimage ~# reboot

17

Boot modules

You’ll need to set what kernel modules you want to load. To fi nd what modules are available, use:

# find /lib/modules/[X]/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko' | less

…again where X is the kernel number. You then need to add the modules you want to this fi le:

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/modules

18

Tabbed fi le system

We need to set the partitions we created to be mounted properly at boot. Open fstab with:

# nano -w /etc/fstab

And then set the following options so that the fi le system we set up works properly:

/dev/sda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 0 2 /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda3 / ext4 noatime 0 1

In document CURSO DERECHO CONCURSAL (página 79-83)