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B-8. Accidents and injuries can hamper the unit ability to complete its required mission. The unit commander must ensure all personnel know proper operation and safety-related procedures for all aircraft, vehicles, equipment, tools, and machinery. Soldiers/civilians/maintainers are responsible for protecting equipment and the lives of fellow workers; therefore, they must actively participate in safety programs and training.

B-9. The primary safety responsibility for maintenance work performed on the aircraft or on its components rests with the individual performing the work. Peers and the leadership providing oversight are equally responsible for providing an additional measure of protection. The importance of doing the right thing, policing each other, and providing direct supervision regarding safety cannot be overstated.

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B-10. Commanders are responsible for compliance with DOD, DA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Fire Protection Association, and Environmental Protection Agency requirements. Commanders will establish other requirements, as necessary, for protection of personnel and equipment under their control.

B-11. The commander establishes a written commander safety philosophy. He develops current safety goals, objectives, and priorities, and includes them in quarterly training guidance (annually for the reserve component). The commander understands and applies the CRM process to the entire spectrum of unit operations, activities, and personnel from a holistic standpoint.

B-12. The commander ensures unit staff, subordinate leaders, individual Soldiers, and civilians are trained on the CRM process as a life skill that is applied equally to both on-duty and off-duty activities. The commander integrates identified risk controls into maintenance SOPs (a stand-alone written commander accident prevention plan is no longer required) and ensures written SOPs exist for all functional shop and maintenance areas and all operations within the command.

B-13. Aviation unit commanders are responsible for ensuring activities of their units are conducted according to established safety rules, regulations, and publications. These regulations include the aforementioned DOD instructions, ARs, and DA pamphlets as well as FMs, TBs, TMs, and other required local installation directives and policies.

B-14. Aviation unit commanders are also responsible for determining the cause of accidents and for ensuring measures are taken to prevent their recurrence. They must also be aware of and enforce safety policies and requirements established by higher headquarters.

B-15. Unit commanders are responsible for requesting permission from higher headquarters to deviate from an established safety rule or regulation. This request, including full particulars and detailed plans and specifications, is submitted to the higher headquarters commander for approval; however, unit commanders cannot rely on the safety programs of higher headquarters to ensure the safety of their people. They must also establish their own safety programs and become personally involved in implementing and enforcing them.

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B-16. The aviation maintenance officer and technician ensure an effective maintenance program is developed and maintained. The aviation maintenance officer/technician will—

z Continuously monitor QC through coordination with QC personnel, ensuring QC personnel complete SF 368 (Product Quality Deficiency Report) according to applicable references and publications.

z Ensure adequate training and cross training of maintenance personnel; ensure a formal continuing education program is available to provide maintenance personnel with current information on techniques, procedures, and modifications.

z Ensure proper and timely aircraft inspections.

z Ensure adequate program supervision to guarantee maintenance personnel are aware of, and comply with, all technical directives affecting aircraft operations.

z Ensure discrepancies (write-ups) are correctly identified as to status and they are properly cleared.

z Monitor and manage the equipment improvement recommendation program and the AOAP.

z Provide maintenance personnel with lessons-to-be-learned from accident summaries that cite

maintenance as the accident cause factor.

z Ensure MPs (Army and contractor) meet the requirements of AR 95-1 and TM 1-1500-328-23

to perform MTFs, and ensure MTFs are performed according to appropriate directives.

z Ensure subordinate leaders and maintainers understand and apply the CRM process to all

maintenance operations.

z Use the CRM process to mitigate or eliminate hazards associated with the personnel and activities that might affect the safe performance of maintenance operations.

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B-17. Effective supervision is the key to accident prevention. In their daily contact with Soldiers, NCOICs are in a position to personally observe working conditions and potential hazards affecting maintenance procedures. NCOICs must apply all established accident prevention measures in the performance of their duties especially when supervising daily maintenance operations.

B-18. They should conduct meetings with their subordinates at regular intervals to brief them on safety procedures, to obtain feedback/suggestions on ways of improving safety practices, and/or to announce any new safety procedures. Such meetings should be held in the work (shop or hangar) area. The agenda should include the following:

z The overall job and the results expected.

z The how, why, and when of the job and any ideas from the group on ways to improve methods and procedures.

z The part each Soldier will play; supervisors must ensure personnel understand the significance of individual roles.

z Existing and anticipated hazards and the action needed to resolve these problems.

z The need for prompt, accurate reporting of injuries, accidents, or near accidents, and the

importance of first aid when required.

z The need to search constantly for, detect, and correct unsafe practices and conditions to prevent

accidents and injuries.

z The need for maintainers to understand and apply the CRM process to maintenance operations.

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B-19. The unit ASO and NCO assist, advise, and make recommendations to the unit commander regarding aviation accident-prevention matters. He observes aircraft support activities (such as POL, maintenance, operations, and enlisted crewmembers’ training) to detect and report unsafe practices or procedures. The ASO and NCO participate in unit safety surveys and inspections.

B-20. The ASO and NCO provides CRM training to leaders and maintainers, ensuring unit personnel understand and apply the CRM process to operations conducted within the organization. In addition, individuals are encouraged to apply CRM to off-duty activities as a life skill.

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S

B-21. Maintenance repair section and shop safety is an on-going process. Safety is to be observed not only when conducting maintenance and repair procedures but also in every phase of aviation operations. An aviation maintenance section or shop below the established standard (safety hazards, unserviceable tools and equipment, out-of-calibration TMDE, or outdated references/publications) cannot perform quality maintenance. SOF is compromised when maintainers, at any level, deviate from the established maintenance standard or fail to conduct by-the-book maintenance procedures.

B-22. Safety procedures must be adhered to by all maintenance personnel during aircraft maintenance procedures. Maintenance leaders, officers/technicians, and NCOICs are responsible for providing close supervision and correcting unsafe acts.

B-23. Fall protection is defined as maintaining “three points of contact” (one hand and two feet or two hands and one foot) on the hand holds, foot accesses/recesses, and walking/working surfaces designed into/provided on the aircraft when working on aircraft (other than home garrison maintenance pads, parking aprons, and wash racks). Fall restraint device usage is at the discretion of the maintenance supervisor or, in the absence of maintenance supervision, the PC OIC/NCOIC.

B-24. NCOICs are responsible for keeping their assigned sections/shops safe, operational, and within the established standard as outlined in the aviation maintenance commander internal SOP. In addition, it is the TI responsibility to keep assigned sections/shops within the established standard when conducting inspections of the maintenance sections, shops, and work areas, to include the hangar. These inspections are conducted monthly or more frequently when maintenance procedures are conducted.

B-25. Any shortcoming, deficiency, or safety hazard identified during a safety inspection is recorded on DA Form 2404 or unit hazard tracking log with copies given to the NCOIC and the maintenance officer/technician. The original copy of DA Form 2404 is kept by the QC section and filed IAW AR 25- 400-2. Safety shortcomings, deficiencies, or hazards considered a danger to personnel or equipment are immediately brought to the attention of the NCOIC and maintenance officer/technician for corrective action. Inspectors will forward copies of all inspection results to the ASO or unit safety manager.

B-26. Routine or noncritical shortcomings, deficiencies, or hazards found during a maintenance section and shops safety inspection must receive corrective action and achieve compliance within 10 days. A completed DA Form 2404, indicating corrections resulting in compliance or recording deficiencies for future mitigation, is given to the QC section for filing with the original copy. The QC section will give

recommendations and guidance to assist in correcting faults. The QC section will re-inspect to ensure shortcomings and identified deficiencies are corrected.

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B-27. All personnel must be aware of the safety rules established for their individual and collective protection. Each person is responsible for reading and adhering to unit SOPs, instructions, operating procedures, checklists, and other safety-related data. They must observe and apply notes, cautions and warnings found on applicable aircraft maintenance TMs. Personnel must then apply cautions and safeguards in their everyday work areas.

B-28. Soldiers/civilians are responsible for bringing to their supervisor attention safety voids, hazards, and unsafe or incomplete maintenance procedures. Each person must follow through until the problem is corrected, then cooperate in developing and practicing safe working habits. The unit commander should make certain this spirit of cooperation prevails throughout the unit.

B-29. Soldiers/civilians are responsible for understanding and applying the CRM process to all duties and maintenance activities that could result in performance degradation, injury or illness, damage or destruction of equipment or to those off-duty activities or issues affecting their ability to report for duty and perform in a safe and effective manner.

B-30. Fall protection is defined as maintaining “three points of contact” (one hand and two feet or two hands and one foot) on the hand holds, foot accesses/recesses, and walking/working surfaces designed into/provided on the aircraft when working on aircraft (other than home garrison maintenance pads, parking aprons, and wash racks). Fall-restraint device usage is at the discretion of the maintenance supervisor or, in the absence of maintenance supervision, the PC OIC/NCOIC.