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Read this article on prostatitis and find the relevant heading for each paragraph. Classification of prostatitis

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How is the diagnosis of prostatitis made?

Prostatitis conclusion Prostatitis definition Prostatitis facts

What are the complications of prostatitis? What are the risk factors for prostatitis?

What are the signs and symptoms of prostatitis? What causes prostatitis?

What is the prognosis for prostatitis? What is the treatment for prostatitis?

When should I see my doctor for prostatitis?

1. ………..

 Ten to twelve percent of all men experience prostatitis symptoms.

 Prostatitis is most common prostate problem in men under the age of 50.

 Prostatitis can be an acute illness or a chronic condition.

2. ………

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. The inflammation can be due to an infection as well as other various causes. Nearly 10% of all males will have prostatitis at some point in their lives. Prostatitis accounts for nearly 25% of physician office visits for genitourinary complaints in young and middle-aged men.

The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system, and it is a walnut-sized gland found in men that is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine and semen exit the body. Its main function is to produce seminal fluid in order to transport sperm through the urethra.

3. ……….

A. Acute bacterial prostatitis: Caused by a bacterial infection and it typically starts suddenly and may include flu-like symptoms. It is the least common of the four types of prostatitis.

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B. Chronic bacterial prostatitis: Characterized by recurrent bacterial infections of the prostate gland. Between attacks the symptoms might be minor or the patient may even be free from symptoms, however it can be difficult to treat successfully.

C. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Most cases of prostatitis fall into this category, however it is the least understood. It can be further characterized as inflammatory or non-inflammatory, depending upon the presence or absence of infection-fighting cells in the urine, semen, and prostatic fluid. Often no specific cause can be identified. The symptoms can come and go or remain chronically.

D. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis: This condition is often diagnosed incidentally during the work-up for infertility or prostate cancer. Individuals with this form of prostatitis will not complain of symptoms or discomfort, but they will have the presence of infection-fighting cells present in semen/prostatic fluid.

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4. ………..

Prostatitis can be caused by bacteria that leak into the prostate gland from the urinary tract (the most common bacterial cause) and from direct extension or lymphatic spread from the rectum. It can also result from various sexually transmitted organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or HIV. Other organisms responsible for infection are the same found most frequently in urinary tract infections, such as Escherichia coli. In many instances (especially in the chronic form of prostatitis), no specific cause of prostatitis can be found.

5. ………

Men of all ages can be affected by prostatitis, but it is more common in young and middle-aged men. Other risk factors for the development of prostatitis include the following:

 A prior history of prostatitis

 Having a recent urinary tract infection

 Recent use of a urinary catheter or a recent urologic procedure

 Enlarged prostate gland

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 Dehydration (not enough fluids)

 Local pelvic trauma or injury such as from bicycle riding or horseback riding 6. ………

The symptoms associated with prostatitis can vary depending on the underlying cause of prostatitis. The symptoms may appear slowly or come on quickly, and they may improve rapidly (depending on the cause and treatment available) or they may last for several months and they can keep recurring (chronic prostatitis). The rapidity and severity of onset is usually most pronounced with acute bacterial prostatitis. The following are signs and symptoms that may be present with prostatitis:

 Painful, difficult and/or frequent urinating

 Blood in the urine

 Groin pain, rectal pain, abdominal pain and/or low back pain

 Fever and chills

 Malaise and body aches

 Urethral discharge

 Painful ejaculation or sexual dysfunction

7. ………...

If you have any of the signs or symptoms consistent with prostatitis, you should see your health care professional for further evaluation. Depending on the symptoms and your response to therapy, your doctor may need to refer you to a urologist.

8. ……….

Prostatitis is usually diagnosed by analyzing a urine sample and undergoing an examination of your prostate gland by your health care practitioner. This examination involves a digital rectal examination to palpate the prostate gland and feel for abnormalities of the gland. Occasionally, the physician may also collect and test a sample of the prostatic fluid.

Additional tests that may be obtained include a complete blood count (CBC), an electrolyte panel, blood cultures, a swab of urethral discharge if present, and sometimes a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. The PSA test, which is used as a screening test for prostate cancer, may also be elevated with prostatitis.

Other tests that may also be obtained include urodynamic tests (to check how well you empty your bladder and establish if prostatitis is affecting your ability to urinate), ultrasound imaging, computer tomography (CT) imaging, cystoscopy, and a prostate biopsy.

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The treatment for prostatitis depends on the underlying cause and type of prostatitis. Antibiotics are prescribed if the cause is a bacterial infection. All forms of prostatitis require pain control, and close follow-up with your health care professional. Treatment modalities may include the following:

 Antibiotics: Your doctor will decide the specific antibiotic and the duration of treatment.

 Anti-inflammatory medications: These can help manage your pain.

 Alpha-blockers: By relaxing the muscle fibers around the bladder and prostate gland, alpha-blockers may decrease your urinary symptoms and help you empty your bladder.

 Avoid alcohol, caffeine and spicy foods.

 Lifestyle changes: If you cycle or ride horses, it is recommended to suspend this activity until you improve.

10. ………

There are several potential complications of prostatitis, which may include the following:

 acute prostatitis becoming chronic prostatitis,

 bladder outlet obstruction or urinary retention,

 infertility,

 abscess of the prostate gland,

 spreading of the infection to the blood stream (bacteremia/sepsis), and rarely

 death.

11. ………

 Acute bacterial prostatitis can often be treated very successfully and has a very good prognosis.

 Chronic prostatitis, and especially chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, can often lead to long- term symptoms and discomfort if treatment is unsuccessful. It is important to have close follow-up and continued care by either your primary care physician or a urologist.

 Prostatitis does not to increase your risk of developing prostate cancer. 12. ………..

Prostatitis can be an acute bacterial illness that is often easily treated with antibiotics, or it can be a chronic condition that recurs and requires long-term medical attention.

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