I. El model tipologicotextual d’Antonio García Berrio
1. Cap a una lingüística textual i la seua aplicació
1.1. Les propostes de Van Dijk
You have spent the last 20 minutes talking to an automated call centre. A passionless, computerized voice drones out assurances and urges you to press yet another key. Your temper soars. Finally, you give up, shouting rude remarks. Or your friend becomes immersed, with increasing agitation, in a computer game. As his temper worsens, his performance declines until he ends up trashing the console in a fit of adolescent rage. Computer angst - now a universal feature of modern life - is an increasing phenomenon today.
Fortunately, the days of the unfeeling machine will soon be over. Thanks to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, psychology, electronics and other research fields, scientists are now creating computers and robots that can detect, and respond to, users’ feelings. The discoveries are being channelled by Humanine, a £6 million programme that has just been launched by the European Union to give Europe a lead in emotional computing. As a result, computers will soon detect our growing irritation at their behaviour and in turn generate more sympathetic, human-like messages or slow down the tempo of the games that they are running. Robots will be able to react in lifelike ways, though we may end up generating some unwelcome responses too.
‘Computers that can detect and imitate human emotion may sound like science fiction, but they are already with us,’ said Dr Dylan Evans, a key Humanine project collaborator.
33. What, according to the writer, is the problem with modern technology?
A. It does not function in the intended way.
B. It tends to cause friction between family members.
C. It can result in people losing self-control.
D. It is impossible to achieve anything without technology.
34. Computer angst is machine created _________ . A. impersonal messages
B. stories about robots C. anxiety and irritation D. gaming programs
35. ‘Drones on’ means ____________ speech.
A. reassuring B. monotonous C. irritating D. automatic
36. 'Emotional computing' means __________.
A. feeling hurt B. sensitive responses C. slowing down D. artificial intelligence
SpOKEN AND WRITTEN ExpRESSION
FOR QUESTIONS 37 TO 40, CHOOSE THE BEST REPLY TO COMPLETE EACH CONVERSATION.
Steve: I live in a big city.
Jill: _________.
A. I live near the park B. This place is crowded C. So do I
D. I also
Arvind : I’ve just started going to a new gym.
Shobha : Oh, really? Me ____ (37)_____ . Which gym?
Arvind : It’s called ‘Fitlife’.
Example
Shobha : That’s not my gym_____ (38)______
I’ve heard of it and the trainer.
Arvind : I don’t like the trainer _____ (39)______
the decor is great!
Shobha : My friends say he’s _____ (40)______
hard of hearing or rude.
Arvind : I don’t know. I’ve only been twice.
37.
A. in addition B. too C. usually D. sure
4th IEO - Set B
I have just returned from France where I spent a week on one of your country tours. I would like to _____(41)_____ my general satisfaction with the holiday, during which I learnt a great deal about the country.
This was largely due to the excellent work of the guide, Michelle Gautier who ___(42)___ everyone over with her communication skills and the quality of her explanations. I feel however that I should draw attention to a number of incidents that occurred, ___(43)____ that this may help you to better your service in the future.
First, the visit to Provence was delayed as the coach broke down soon after departure and your local representative delayed sending a replacement, even though it was only a ____(44)____ away from his office.
Further, I was ____(45)____ to find that ticket prices for various attractions were not included in the price of the holiday.
Regards B. stoning throw C. stone’s throw D. throwing stone 45. CORRECT WORD OR PHRASE TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
46. Soon you’ll be ____________ age.
A. at my B. of my C. my D. in my
47. When you are in a situation where you don’t belong, you’re _____________ .
A. an interloper
B. a victim C. an immigrant D. a fugitive
CHOOSE THE WORD FROM THE OPTIONS THAT CAN BE USED WITH ALL OF THEM.
48. Brotherly, First, True, Unrequited ____________
A. feelings B. love C. friend D. relationship
FOR QUESTIONS 49 AND 50, CHOOSE THE BEST REPLY TO COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION.
Abby : I don’t like parties. _____(49)____ when you don’t like to meet people?
Chris : Shy? Are you shy?
Abby : Yes, I am. What do you call it when something makes you feel afraid?
Chris : You mean it frightens you.
Abby : Yes, That’s right.
Chris : That’s strange, because you’re very popular.
Abby : Popular? _____(50)_____ ? Chris : It’s when a lot of people like you.
Abby : Yes, I think I’m popular, but I don’t like it when people take notice of me.
49.
A. What do you call it B. How do you say this C. How do you tell D. Why do you say if 50.
A. How’s that B. Why’s that C. What’s that D. That’s that
vvv
Year 2014 5 th
Class 9
Set A
FOR QUESTIONS 1 TO 18, CHOOSE THE BEST WORD TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
1. Mr. Neel _________ to the “Booker-2014” shortlist.
A. pulls on B. runs off C. makes it D. falls in
2. Mr. Mukherjee _________ selected for his second novel published in May, this year.
A. should being B. had been C. have been D. must be
3. We _________ without any doubt that our climate is changing.
A. feel B. are seeing C. are knowing D. can say
4. More _________ devices could link people’s brains directly to the internet.
A. helpful
6. I have known her _________ twenty years.
A. in B. since C. from D. for
7. The Supreme Court reserves verdict _________ coal blocks.
A. from B. in C. on D. for
8. They didn’t agree, _________ they said nothing.
A. for B. although
C. since D. yet
9. You can _________ write coherently nor legibly.
A. only
11. Learning to write computer programs has _________
never been more valuable.
A. rarely technology and worldwide trends.
A. careful
B. forward looking C. alert
D. thinking aloud
14. Rain has _________ normal life of citizens in Jammu and Kashmir.
A. sunk B. showered C. struck D. battered
15. She was _________ whether to answer the phone or not.
A. thinking B. unprepared C. doubtful D. uncertain
WORD AND STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE
5th IEO - SEt A 3 16. Hopes for an / a _________ Ebola vaccine have been
raised.
A. reactive B. affective C. infective D. effective
17. The truck turned over on the highway, but _________, no one was hurt.
A. gladly B. fortunately C. frightfully D. gratefully
18. Most students prefer science _________ mathematics.
A. then
WORD AND STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE
READING
FOR QUESTIONS 22 TO 26, READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
We share not just jokes, laughter and our innermost secrets with our friends; we are also genetically similar to our friends.
A US study published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences analyzed 1.5 million markers of gene variation from 1,932 people. The genetic makeup of pairs of unrelated friends was compared with pairs of unrelated strangers. Close friends shared about 1 percent of the same gene variants. In other words, unrelated friends had as much genetic similarity as fourth cousins or people who share great-great-great grandparents.
Most people don’t even know who their fourth cousins are! Yet, we somehow, among a myriad of possibilities, manage to select as friends, the people, who resemble our kin.
Friends are most similar in genes that affect the sense of smell and most different in genes that control immunity or ability to protect against diseases.
A difference in immune system genes is also seen in spouses and may have an evolutionary explanation-having the genes to fight different infections reduces the risk of epidemics or spread of diseases. The social aspect may explain why human evolution appears to have progressed faster in the last 30,000 years.
This gives us a deeper account of the origins of friendship. Not only do we form ties with people superficially like ourselves, but also with people, who are like us on a deep genetic level.
22. The investigation examined _________.
A. 1.5 million gene variations B. 1,932 people
C. 1 percent of close friends D. 30,000 years of evolution
23. This gives us a deeper account of the origins of friendship. ‘This’ refers to _________.
A. the explanation B. the social aspect C. human evolution D. the progress
24. We closely associate with people who are _________
like us.
A. casually B. flimsily C. frivolously D. outwardly
25. The study compared _________.
A. related friends with strangers
B. unrelated friends with unrelated strangers C. relatives with strangers
D. fourth cousins with friends
26. An appropriate title would be “_________.”
A. Evolutionary Explanations B. The Role of Genes C. The Origins of Friendship D. Ties that Last
F O R Q U E S T I O N S 2 7 T O 3 1 , R E A D T H E PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
One of the many mysteries of Stonehenge may have been solved, not because of a scientific breakthrough or painstaking research, but after a maintenance team’s hosepipe turned out to be a little short.
Archaeologists have long argued over whether the ancient monument was once a perfect circle or if it was always, as it is now, an incomplete ring.
When a hosepipe used to keep the grass green in hot spells failed to reach a broken part of the circle, unsightly brown patches began to appear. Custodian Tim Daw fretted over the blemishes when he realized they matched the spots where stones would probably have stood if the monument had been a complete circle.
Daw said it was a “light bulb moment”. “I was standing on the public path looking at the grass near the stones and thinking we needed to find a longer hosepipe to get the parched patches to green up,” he said.
The marks were where archaeologists had looked without success for signs that there had been stone holes. “I called my colleague over and he saw them and realized their possible significance as well. Not being archaeologists, we called in the professionals.”
Aerial photographs were hurriedly commissioned (before the rains and removed the brown patches) and the scorch marks on the western side of Wiltshire site, south-west England, were mapped.
Some of the brown patches indeed tallied with where stones would have stood, if the circle was complete.
Other brown patches corresponded to recorded archaeological excavations, including trenches dug by the engineer William Gowland in 1901. That some of the patches matched the site of the trenches supports the theory that they indicate disturbed ground.
The conclusions have been detailed in a report by Daw and published in the latest edition of the journal
‘Antiquity’.
The report points out that, despite being one of the most intensively explored prehistoric monuments, Stonehenge continues to hold surprises. It also highlights the value of continu-ally surveying the site from the ground and air.
Susan Greaney, senior properties historian for English Heritage, said the accidental discovery was
“really significant”.
27. The caretaker was disturbed when he became aware that _________.
A. the water pipe was not long enough
B. the water could not reach all parts of the incomplete circle
C. unpleasant dark spots had appeared D. the dark marks matched the stone holes
28. I called my colleague over and he saw them ...
Them, refers to the _________.
A. signs C. an incomplete circle D. a complete circle
5th IEO - SEt A 5 30. Stonehenge has been repeatedly investigated
because _________.
A. many new things can come to light B. it is a very old monument
C. it has many unsolved secrets D. ongoing viewing is necessary
31. The expression “light bulb moment” means a moment of _________.
A. sudden proof B. sudden knowledge C. sudden light D. sudden realization
SpOKEN AND WRITTEN ExpRESSION
FOR QUESTIONS 32 TO 35, CHOOSE THE BEST REPLY TO COMPLETE EACH CONVERSATION.
32. Bela : ‘Do you agree with me?’
C. Thanks. Everything’s done.
D. You won’t understand.
34. Preeti : ‘Ma’am, as you’re in Mumbai, can I meet you somewhere?’
Ma’am : ‘_________.’
A. No, you cannot B. I’m sorry, I’m busy C. Another time. Not now D. I’m very busy
35. Hostess : ‘Would you like a glass of water?’
Guest : ‘_________’ BEST OPTION TO FILL IN THE BLANKS.
Reporter : Why has Britain made computer coding a _____(36)_____ subject for children in schools from the age of five?
Official : Children are not learning the _____
(37)_____ they need to compete in the 21st century.
The ability to code and program a computer is _____(38)_____ if you want to be a _____(39)_____.
But, if you want to use them as a _____(40)_____
rather than a passive consumer of other people’s technology, you need to be able to code yourself.
36.
ACHIEVERS SECTION
FOR QUESTIONS 41 TO 45, READ THE LETTER AND CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE OPTION.
Dear Meher,
I would like to _____(41)_____ what I’ve been trying to tell you from the very _____(42)_____.
I will help you with a reading list and help you _____(43)_____ an experimental situation, but I will not be able to go _____(44)_____ your written drafts, as I am going to be _____(45)_____
town, this being my holiday month.
Best Wishes Dr. Fanny
41.
A. make sure B. clarify C. make certain D. describe BEST WORD TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.
46. T h i s b e d w o u l d s e r v e t h e
Malaika Goel, a 16-year-old policeman’s daughter from Rajasthan, has been a passionate shooter since the age of 10.
Her dedication paid off when she won the 10m air pistol silver at this year’s Commonwealth Games. “I have so much to learn and improve,”
she said. “Abhinav Bindra is my _____(48)_____.”
There is a long way to go to _____(49)_____
myself. And, with the Chinese and Koreans around, the competition in Incheon will be much _____(50)_____.
5th IEO - SEt A 7 49.
A. organize B. introduce C. settle D. establish
50.
A. stiff B. strong C. tougher D. rougher
Year 2014 5 th
Class 9
Set B
5th IEO - SEt B
4. They been given satellite phones for use.
A. have also B. are also C. has also D. also
5. I was lost. Two roads diverged in the forest it was difficult to choose one of them.
9. I filled in my application, , there is a problem.
11. The government encouraging farmers to grow millets.
WORD AND STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE
15. The bread maker is a very useful . D. She said that they wanted food and water
urgently
WORD AND STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE
READING
FOR QUESTIONS 22 TO 26, READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
On September 9, 2014, Google commemorated the 186th birth anniversary of Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) the Russian his life experiences, but also created characters in his own image, such as Pierre and Prince Andrei in War and Peace, and Levin in Anna Karenina.
5th IEO - SEt B 4
22. ....showcasing his greatest works. This means .
A. displaying the best scenes from his novels B. presenting characters from his novels C. showing pictures of his greatest novels D. exhibiting passages from his greatest works 23. War and Peace is considered to be ever
written.
A. greater than all other novels B. one of the great novels C. one of the greatest novels D. the greatest novel
24. Anna Karenina is a story of . A. landowners and peasants
B. 580 characters
C. a woman confined by traditions D. the problems of women
25. Tolstoy’s writing is neither scholarly nor exaggerated, according to .
A. Thomas Mann.
B. William Faulkner C. Marcel Proust.
D. James Joyce
26. Characters like Pierre, Prince Andrei and Levin in
his novels .
A. are near to Tolstoy B. are extensions of Tolstoy C. are pictures of Tolstoy D. closely resemble Tolstoy
FOR QUESTIONS 27 TO 31, READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
Lady boss assigns stringent deadlines to her team. Then she goes home, cooks several dishes for dinner and phones the
Feminists are frothing at the mouth because the Ad depicts that even successful career women have to eventually conform to traditional roles. To my mind, this is a truly blinkered view. Liberal attitudes towards women imply that they should be free to do whatever they like. In this case, here was a successful and smart woman who likes to cook.
And when she’s finished the cooking, she would like her husband to be home so they could eat together. What is regressive about that?
A lot has changed for the urban Indian women in the last year-and-a-half. Safety and equality have come to the forefront of discussions. While a lot remains to be done, it is not just the glass half –full view that things are changing
27. The events described in the passage relate to
SpOKEN AND WRITTEN ExpRESSION
FOR QUESTIONS 32 TO 35, CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION TO FILL IN THE BLANKS.
Janet : “Serena is the world number one and the US Open champion.”
Suzie : “The _____(36)_____ Williams again proved she remains on top of women’s tennis at the age of 33.”
Janet : “She’s the first player to win the season finale, three times in a _____(37)_____.”
5th IEO - SEt B 6
FOR QUESTIONS 39 TO 45, READ THE LETTER AND CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE OPTION TO FILL IN THE BLANKS.
Dear Mr. Behra,
The present work, which is being carried out is not (39) in the tender to the contractor.
Why don’t you call a meeting of the members of the society to (40) them about this (41) work? I wish to state that the problem, which you are trying to (42)
is a (43) problem. You cannot (44) some flat owners and expect others to share the cost. You must be concerned about the well-being of the society and not just cater to the demands of a (45) few.
Athletes may now rely on a more organic drink to _____(46)_____ their performance – Beetroot juice. In _____(47)_____ improving athletic performance, research has also found that beetroot can improve the quality of life for heart patients. The _____(48)_____ of beetroot come from the nitrate found within it, which increases the blood flow to the muscles, during exercise.
48.
A. benefits B. goodness C. comforts D. enjoyments
49. CHOOSE THE BEST WORD TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.
This was his last sari, his parting gift to some lucky bride. ‘This’ refers to the .
A. sari B. gift C. bride
D. man
50. CHOOSE THE ODD WORD OUT.
A. Expedition B. Procrastination C. Postponement D. Temporization