• No se han encontrado resultados

Localizar el campo: la población china de Madrid

CAPÍTULO 3 METODOLOGÍA

3.2. La aplicación de los métodos etnográficos en nuestro estudio

3.2.1. Localizar el campo: la población china de Madrid

body-enhanced dengue virus infection of human mast cells and associated CCL5 release. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80: 1242-1250. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0805441

106. Brown MG, McAlpine SM, Huang YY, et al. RNA sensors enable human mast cell anti-viral chemokine production and IFN-mediated protection in response to antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection. PLoS One 2012; 7: e34055. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034055

107. Everard ML, Fox G, Walls AF, et al. Tryptase and IgE concentrations in the respiratory tract of infants with acute bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 64-69.

108. Al-Afif A: Human mast cell responses to respiratory syncytial virus. In Volume ed. : Halifax, Novia Scotia, 2011. 109. Graziano RF, Looney RJ, Shen L, Fanger MW. Fc gamma R-mediated killing by eosinophils. J Immunol

1989; 142: 230-235.

110. Adamko DJ, Yost BL, Gleich GJ, Fryer AD, Jacoby DB. Ovalbumin sensitization changes the inflammatory response to subsequent parainfluenza infection. Eosinophils mediate airway hyperresponsiveness, m(2) muscarinic receptor dysfunction, and antiviral effects. J Exp Med 1999; 190: 1465-1478.

111. Rosenberg HF, Dyer KD, Domachowske JB. Eosinophils and their interactions with respiratory virus pathogens. Immunol Res 2009; 43: 128-137. DOI: 10.1007/s12026-008-8058-5

112. Erbe DV, Pfefferkorn ER, Fanger MW. Functions of the various IgG Fc receptors in mediating killing of Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 1991; 146: 3145-3151.

113. Ikeda Y, Mita H, Kudo M, Hasegawa M, Akiyama K. [Degranulation of eosinophils by IgG antibody to Candida antigen]. Arerugi 1999; 48: 546-553.

114. Kaneko M, Swanson MC, Gleich GJ, Kita H. Allergen-specific IgG1 and IgG3 through Fc gamma RII induce eosinophil degranulation. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2813-2821. DOI: 10.1172/JCI117986

115. Kim JT, Schimming AW, Kita H. Ligation of Fc gamma RII (CD32) pivotally regulates survival of human eosinophils. J Immunol 1999; 162: 4253-4259.

116. Hartnell A, Kay AB, Wardlaw AJ. IFN-gamma induces expression of Fc gamma RIII (CD16) on human eosinophils. J Immunol 1992; 148: 1471-1478.

117. Zhu X, Hamann KJ, Munoz NM, et al. Intracellular expression of Fc gamma RIII (CD16) and its mobilization by chemoattractants in human eosinophils. J Immunol 1998; 161: 2574-2579.

118. Okamoto N, Ikeda M, Okuda M, et al. Increased eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal fluid in hospitalized wheezy infants with RSV infection. Allergol Int 2011; 60: 467-472. DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-OA-0263 119. Dyer KD, Percopo CM, Fischer ER, Gabryszewski SJ, Rosenberg HF. Pneumoviruses infect eosinophils

and elicit MyD88-dependent release of chemoattractant cytokines and interleukin-6. Blood 2009; 114: 2649-2656. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-199497

120. Soukup JM, Becker S. Role of monocytes and eosinophils in human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro. Clin Immunol 2003; 107: 178-185.

121. Rosenberg HF, Domachowske JB. Eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 70: 691-698.

122. Pifferi M, Ragazzo V, Caramella D, Baldini G. Eosinophil cationic protein in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: predictive value for subsequent development of persistent wheezing. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001; 31: 419-424.

123. Johnson TR, Graham BS. Contribution of respiratory syncytial virus G antigenicity to vaccine-enhanced illness and the implications for severe disease during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23: S46-57. DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000108192.94692.d2

124. Rosenberg HF, Dyer KD, Domachowske JB. Respiratory viruses and eosinophils: exploring the connections. Antiviral Res 2009; 83: 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.04.005

125. Anselmino LM, Perussia B, Thomas LL. Human basophils selectively express the Fc gamma RII (CDw32) subtype of IgG receptor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84: 907-914.

126. Takahashi K, Takada M. [Detection of IgG receptor subtype on basophils using two-color FCM]. Nihon Rinsho 1992; 50: 2455-2459.

127. Cady CT, Powell MS, Harbeck RJ, et al. IgG antibodies produced during subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy mediate inhibition of basophil activation via a mechanism involving both FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIB. Immunol Lett 2010; 130: 57-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.12.001

515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans Processed on: 11-12-2017 Processed on: 11-12-2017 Processed on: 11-12-2017

Processed on: 11-12-2017 PDF page: 152PDF page: 152PDF page: 152PDF page: 152

152

128. Cassard L, Jonsson F, Arnaud S, Daeron M. Fcgamma receptors inhibit mouse and human basophil activation. J Immunol 2012; 189: 2995-3006. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200968

129. Moore ML, Newcomb DC, Parekh VV, et al. STAT1 negatively regulates lung basophil IL-4 expression induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Immunol 2009; 183: 2016-2026. DOI: 10.4049/ jimmunol.0803167

130. Browne EP. Regulation of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors. Immunology 2012; 136: 370-379. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03587.x

131. Griffin DO, Holodick NE, Rothstein TL. Human B1 cells in umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood express the novel phenotype CD20+ CD27+ CD43+ CD70. J Exp Med 2011; 208: 67-80. DOI: 10.1084/ jem.20101499

132. Carroll MC. The role of complement and complement receptors in induction and regulation of immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 1998; 16: 545-568. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.545

133. Dorshkind K, Montecino-Rodriguez E. Fetal B-cell lymphopoiesis and the emergence of B-1-cell potential. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7: 213-219. DOI: 10.1038/nri2019

134. Capolunghi F, Cascioli S, Giorda E, et al. CpG drives human transitional B cells to terminal differentiation and production of natural antibodies. J Immunol 2008; 180: 800-808.

135. Avrameas S. Natural autoantibodies: from ‘horror autotoxicus’ to ‘gnothi seauton’. Immunol Today 1991; 12: 154-159. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-5699(05)80045-3

136. Thornton BP, Vetvicka V, Ross GD. Natural antibody and complement-mediated antigen processing and presentation by B lymphocytes. J Immunol 1994; 152: 1727-1737.

137. Ochsenbein AF, Fehr T, Lutz C, et al. Control of early viral and bacterial distribution and disease by natural antibodies. Science 1999; 286: 2156-2159.

138. Baumgarth N, Herman OC, Jager GC, Brown LE, Herzenberg LA, Chen J. B-1 and B-2 cell-derived immunoglobulin M antibodies are nonredundant components of the protective response to influenza virus infection. J Exp Med 2000; 192: 271-280.

139. Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Fc-receptors as regulators of immunity. Adv Immunol 2007; 96: 179-204. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(07)96005-8

140. Raes M, Peeters V, Alliet P, et al. Peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in infants with acute respiratory syncytial virus brochiolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1997; 8: 97-102.

141. Reed JL, Welliver TP, Sims GP, et al. Innate immune signals modulate antiviral and polyreactive antibody responses during severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 1128-1138. DOI: 10.1086/597386

142. Williams JV, Weitkamp JH, Blum DL, LaFleur BJ, Crowe JE, Jr. The human neonatal B cell response to respiratory syncytial virus uses a biased antibody variable gene repertoire that lacks somatic mutations. Mol Immunol 2009; 47: 407-414. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.024

143. Klos A, Tenner AJ, Johswich KO, Ager RR, Reis ES, Kohl J. The role of the anaphylatoxins in health and disease. Mol Immunol 2009; 46: 2753-2766. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.027

144. Ricklin D, Reis ES, Lambris JD. A sweet spot to control complement-induced inflammation. Nat Med 2012; 18: 1340-1341. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2916

145. Karsten CM, Pandey MK, Figge J, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of IgG1 mediated by Fc galactosylation and association of FcgammaRIIB and dectin-1. Nat Med 2012; 18: 1401-1406. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2862 146. Smith TF, McIntosh K, Fishaut M, Henson PM. Activation of complement by cells infected with respiratory

syncytial virus. Infect Immun 1981; 33: 43-48.

147. Melendi GA, Hoffman SJ, Karron RA, et al. C5 modulates airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary eosinophilia during enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease by decreasing C3a receptor expression. J Virol 2007; 81: 991-999. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01783-06

148. Bera MM, Lu B, Martin TR, et al. Th17 cytokines are critical for respiratory syncytial virus-associated airway hyperreponsiveness through regulation by complement C3a and tachykinins. J Immunol 2011; 187: 4245-4255. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101789

149. Kruijsen D, Bakkers MJ, van Uden NO, et al. Serum antibodies critically affect virus-specific CD4+/ CD8+ T cell balance during respiratory syncytial virus infections. J Immunol 2010; 185: 6489-6498. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002645

515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans Processed on: 11-12-2017 Processed on: 11-12-2017 Processed on: 11-12-2017

Processed on: 11-12-2017 PDF page: 153PDF page: 153PDF page: 153PDF page: 153

153

4

150. Brand HK, Ferwerda G, Preijers F, et al. CD4+ T-cell counts and interleukin-8 and CCL-5 plasma

concentrations discriminate disease severity in children with RSV infection. Pediatr Res 2013; 73: 187-193. DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.163

515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans 515892-L-sub01-bw-Jans Processed on: 11-12-2017 Processed on: 11-12-2017 Processed on: 11-12-2017

Processed on: 11-12-2017 PDF page: 155PDF page: 155PDF page: 155PDF page: 155

Characteristics of RSV-specific maternal