Los resultados más relevantes del trabajo exploratorio

WordMaker is the way we show that the basic 1500 Globish words can become many variations. Now the linguist may deal with "roots" of words that come from Latin, or Greek, or Sanskrit, but the "root words" in Globish are just the forms of a word that are used most in English. Then often, many other words can be made from that one word. As previously mentioned the Parent-Child relationship of words does not always move in the same direction with Globish -- witness the useful word author to be parent of the Globish word authority.

Aside from the obvious English practice where verbs can be nouns and nouns can be adjectives depending on how they are used in a sentence, there are numerous "side lessons" in GNG which discuss these ways in which the most-common 1500 words can be used in other forms, and often make a different meaning.

Combinations

The simplest way to see the formation of new words is to put two nouns together. The word "hill" and the word "top" can go together to make a new word hilltop. This is a perfectly good Globish word because it came from two original Globish words. Here are some more:

work + man = workman bed + room = bedroom class + room = classroom day + time = daytime week + end = weekend home + work = homework man + kind = mankind

air + plane = airplane song + bird = songbird street + car = streetcar horse + man = horseman tree + top = treetop road + map = roadmap life + boat = lifeboat

What really happens in these combinations is that the first word becomes a kind of adjective that makes the identity of the second part a little different. Let us take some of the individual words above and make the last word first in another combination. We can take "boat" from "lifeboat" and put it with "man" from

with first words. Take the "week" from "weekend" and put it with "day" from

"daytime" and you make "weekday." Now this is not an exercise that a students should try to do by themselves, but is a good exercise for them to be able to recognize words in combination.

The recognition is of course the first step for the student in being able to use the combination word again. This will apply to almost every WordMaker variation we discuss here. They need to see the word-making process to be able to understand the many, many variations on Globish words when they see them.

AFFIXES

There are a few rules about "little changes" the Affixes that make bigger words from smaller ones.

Letters in Front of a Word - Prefixes

Combinations of letters on the front of the word (im possible) make very different meanings. See if you can see the base words here:

incorrect (not correct) unhappy (not happy) renew (make new again) return (turn back) preview (before the view)

Letters on the Back of a Word - Suffixes

Letters on the back of the word -- or Suffixes -- sometimes also change a few letters at the end of the word. Mostly that is for easier pronunciation. There are 4 basic reasons for Letters on the Back of a Word:

1. To make a word into a noun:

friend + ship = friendship (a bond of friends)

govern + ment = government (an organization for governing) sing + er = singer (a person who sings)

free + dom = freedom (a state of being free)

2. To make a word into a verb:

system + atize = systematize (make into a system) regular + ate = regulate (make regular)

3. To make a word into an adjective:

interest + ing = interesting (having one’s interest) agree + able = agreeable (able to agree with) thank + ful = thankful (full of thanks) care + less = careless (without a care) 4. To make a word into an adverb:

happy + ly = happily (in a happy way) after + ward = afterward (after an event)

All of this is inside Globish IN Globish, and you should be sure that your students become familiar with these principles, so that they can get much more use from the Globish 1500 words. Here are some details for you to give the students who want them.

SUFFIXES 1 - Making Nouns with Endings

1. Noun to noun: we can make one "thing" into another "thing." If we put friend with - ship we have friendship. Here are some others. We make a bigger noun from a smaller one.

social + -ism = socialism father + hood = fatherhood act + -ion = action

2. Verb to Noun: We take an "action" like govern and turn it into a "thing" like govern + -or = governor or govern + -ment = government. Try these:

play + er = player

3. Adjective to Noun: We take a "quality" and make it into a "thing." We put free with "-dom" and it becomes a noun: freedom. Try these:

great + -ness = greatness act + -ivity = activity

SUFFIXES 2 - Making Verbs with Endings

Now we will make "actions" from "things" and "qualities."

1. Nouns to Verbs: English speakers do this all day long. Take a "thing" you want to make into an "action". To make something "human" we add human to -ize =

humanize. (-ise in British spelling) Here are some more:

hospital + ize = hospitalize liquid + ate = liquidate

2. Adjectives to Verbs: We take a "quality" we like and add an ending to make an

"action:"

central + -ize = centralize black + -en = blacken legal + -ize = legalize

3. Sometimes the basic word is changed to take the ending.

regular makes regulate by dropping the -ar and adding -ate.

SUFFIXES 3 - Making Adjectives with Endings

We can make "things" and "actions" and "qualities" into new qualities (adjectives).

1. Noun to Adjective: Take a "thing" and make it a "quality."

Care is a noun, but we add -ful and it is now an adjective that can describe someone. care + -ful = careful

wind + y = windy

interest + ing = interesting

2. Verb to Adjective: An "action" becomes a "quality.

thank + -ful = thankful suggest + -ive = suggestive agree + -able = agreeable

3. Adjective to larger Adjective: For example, you can take the "quality" green and make it a more general "quality" by adding -ish. Try these:

lone + -ly = lonely

SUFFIXES 4 - Making Adverbs with Endings

This is the last one, where we make Adverbs out of "things" and "qualities."

1. Noun to Adverb: If we want to go home, we can travel homeward. Also,

"referring to":

time + -wise = timewise cost + -wise = costwise

2. Adjective to Adverb: Take a "direction" and add ward. Up + ward = upward...

or down + ward = downward.

some + -times = sometimes east + -ward = eastward

3. Sometimes the basic word changes:

easy + -ly = easily simple + -ly = simply

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal Verbs cause arguments in most English-teaching schools, because they are so important and because they use simple verbs in new ways with

prepositions, to make a new meaning.

In the simplest kind of Phrasal Verb, we add a whole prepositional phrase to a verb to show how a verb acts with an OBJECT. You pull your car up the driveway, meaning to direct your car upward in the driveway. Or, you take food off the table. The verb acts with the OBJECT.

In another form, prepositions sometimes work in pairs, as when we pull the car UP TO the curb. This form is still acting with the OBJECT.

Phrasal verbs become a VERY short usage tool, used VERY often in speech.

drop off - leave back. "Drop the children off (the car) at the school."

pull up - bring the nose of the airplane up (in the air).

get away - run from, escape "They get away from the rain."

take off - lift up. "The airplane takes off (the runway) and into the air.

Other Phrasal Verbs such as get up ("take your self out of bed") step down ("resign a position") imply an object is acted on even if an object is not used.