7. MARCO TEORICO
7.5 Sentimientos
7.5.3 Los sentimientos en la adolescencia:
l.d4 g6
In the third part of volume 2, we will analyse the move l • • • g6. It has been played even back in the 19th century, but in the contem porary theory it has been named the Modern Defence and quite de servedly so. The point is that at first it did not lead to original po sitions and usually transposed to the King's Indian Defence. It was during the 60ies of the past cen tury when the move l...g6 was played sometimes by M.Botvinnik and a bit later by L.Ljuboevic and they began to use plans connected with pressure against White's centre (the d4-square) with ig7, tLlc6, or if White protects his d4- pawn with the move tLlf3, then ig4. Black wishes to exploit the delay of development of his knight on g8, since in that case the diago-
nal for his dark-squared bishop is opened and if White closes the position in the centre, Black can play f7-f5 immediately and not af ter the preliminary retreat of his knight from the f6-square as it happens in the King's Indian De fence.
In Chapter 13, we will analyse the basic position of this varia tion, which arises after l.d4 g6 2.c4 .ig7 3.e4 d6 4.tLlc3. There, we will pay most attention to Black's three main responses: 4 • • e5, 4 • • • lLlc6 and 4 • • • lLld7.
In Chapter 12 we will deal with the different possibilities for Black to avoid the main lines on moves 2 and 3.
I would like to mention that White should not be in a hurry to develop his knight to the f3- square, because then Black can transpose to the King's Indian Defence, having avoided the Averbakh system.
In the contemporary tourna ment practice this move is played by numerous strong grandmas ters (indeed, mostly in games with a shorter time-control): Sh. Mamedyarov, H.Nakamura, P. Svidler, A.Morozevich ...
Now, contrary to the move 1... d6, Black is not threatening to ad vance e7-e5, so White can make this quite natural move for the closed openings.
Now, Black has a choice. His main line 2 • • • .ig7 will be analysed in variation B), but before that we will deal with A) 2 • • • d6.
A) 2 • • • d6
Black wishes to advance e7-e5 as quickly as possible.
It seems bad for him to try to transpose to the Dutch Defence with 2 .. .f5?! , because of 3.h4!--t We will analyse this variation in our volume 3 in the chapters de voted to the Dutch Defence.
3.e4
White continues to occupy the centre with his pawns.
3 • • • e5
This interesting move leads to a complicated positional fight.
About 3 ... ig7 4.tLlc3 - see Chapter 13.
3 ... ltlf6 4.ltlc3 .ig7 S . .ie2 - see About 2 ... ltlf6 3.tLlc3 - see Chapters 6-11.
parts 1 and 2.
2 ... c6 3.e4 dS 4.e5 ig7 S.ltlc3 - see variation Bl.
2 ... c5 3.d5 .ig7 (3 ... ltlf6 4.ltlc3 .ig7 S.e4 d6 6.ie2 0-0 7 . .ig5 - see Chapter 11) 4.e4 - see varia tion B2.
(diagram)
Now, contrary to the positions which we will analyse in the next chapter (with the inclusion of the moves tLlc3 and .ig7), it is not so good for White to enter an end game after the exchange on eS,
because Black's bishop on f8 can go to more active positions (than on g7) - to cS or b4.
Here, he has a choice - to open the position with Al) 4 • • • exd4, or to try a move, which is more typical for similar set-ups A2) 4 • • • c!Dd7.
About 4 ... ig7 S.dxeS - see Chapter 13, variation A.
4 .. .tbc6 S.dS lbce7 (S ... lbd4 6. ie3 ig7 7.lbge2 - see Chapter 13, variation 82) 6.g4 ig7 7.ie3 - see Chapter 13, variation 81.
Al) 4 • • • exd4 5.Vxd4
Black cannot exploit now his opponent's early queen-sortie due to the vulnerability of the a1-h8 diagonal.
s • • • .!Df6 6 • .tgs (diagram) 6 • • • c!Dbd7
This move is forced and Black cannot win a tempo attacking White's queen with the move lbc6.
l.d4 g6 2.c4 d6 3.e4 eS 4. lbc3
The routine move 6 ... ig7? los es immediately after 7.e5 Ve7 (7 ... dxeS 8.'�xd8+ 'it>xd8 9.lbd5 lbbd7 10.0-0-0+- and Black suffers huge material losses) 8.lbd5 dxeS 9.Vh4 lbxdS 10.he7 lbxe7, Ste fansson - C.Hansen, Moscow 1989, ll.id3+- and Black's two minor pieces and a pawn are obvi ously insufficient to compensate the missing queen.
7.f4
White has created the threat e4-e5.
7 • • • h6
The inclusion of this move is useful.
8 • .th4
It is also possible for Black to try 8 ... c5, in order to get rid of the unpleasant pin. At first, he weak ens his pawn-structure and after 9.,�M3, he sacrifices a pawn in the spirit of the Najdorf variation of the Sicilian Defence. 9 ... g5. Black will soon regain the sacrificed pawn, but the weaknesses in his position will remain for long. 10.fxg5 lt:Jg4 (following 10 ... lt:Je5 11.Wid2 tt:Jh7 12.lt:Jf3 tt:Jxg5, White can simplify advantageously the position with 13.lt:Jxe5 dxe5 14. W!xd8+ 'tt>xd8 15.0-0-0+ 'tt>c7 16. ig3 ig7 17.EM5± and Black loses one of his pawns, Bente - Sulskis, Warsaw 2005) ll.lt:Jf3 tt:Jde5 12. Wld2 ie7 13.0-0-0 ie6 14.lt:Jb5 hxg5 15.�g3 f6 16.b3 tt:Jt7 17.�e2 Wlb6 18.h3 tt:Jge5 19.lt:Jxe5 dxe5, Hort - Hickl, Bad Neuenahr 1991. Now, White must exploit one of the main drawbacks of the move 8 ... c5 and transfer his knight to the d5-outpost: 20.lt:Jc3! W!a5 21. Wfe3 lt:Jd6 22.�g4!± - Here, no matter whether Black exchanges on g4, or retreats with his bishop to t7, the vulnerability of the light squares in his camp will be hurt ing him. The point is that White's knight can always go to d5, while Black's knight can hardly occupy the d4-square, because White's pawns on c4 and e4 are covering its way towards that key outpost.
It would be too slow for Black to try 8 ... c6?! , because after 9.0- 0-0 ie7 10.e5 dxe5 ll.fxe5 lt:Jh7, his forces are discoordinated and
White can begin decisive actions. 12.e6 lt:Jdf6, Alburt - D.Gurevich, Newark 1995, 13.\We5! This is a good example of centralization! 13 ... \Wb6 14.lt:Jf3 0-0 15.ext7+ Ei:xt7 16.�d3 g5 17.�g3± Black's castling position is horribly weak ened and White's pieces have oc cupied much more active posi tions.
9.lilf3 0-0 10.0-0-0
10 • • • Yfe8 ll.e5 dxe5 12.fxe5
c!Llh7 13.i.g3 c!Llg5 14.c!Llxg5 hxg5 15.gel ti'e7 16.h4-+ followed by h4-h5.
White develops powerful initi ative on the h-fi.le and Black will fail to exploit the vulnerability of the e5-pawn.
A2) 4 • • • c!Lld7
This move, no doubt, leads to much more interesting positions than 4 ... exd4.
5.d5
White is occupying space. (diagram)
After the closing of the centre the fight is focused on the flanks.
About S ... lt:lgf6 - see volume 3 - l.d4 lt:lf6 2.c4 d6 3.lt:lc3 lt:lbd7 4.e4 es s.ds g6.
There arises an interesting fight, but still in favour of White, after S ... aS 6.i.d3 hS, Speelman - McNab, London 1992 (6 ... .ig7 7 . .ie3 - see S ... .ig7 6 . .ie3 aS) 7. .ic2 i.h6 8.lt:lf3 �cl 9.�xc1 lt:lc5 10.0-0t, followed by b3, a3, seiz ing the initiative on the queen side.
About S ... .ih6 6 . .ixh6 lt:lxh6 7.�d2 - see S ... i.g7 6 . .ie3 i.h6 7.i.h6 lt:lh6 8.�d2 (Naturally, the number of the moves will be with one more, because White has lost a tempo for i.e3 and Black for .ig7.).
6 • .ie3
He is planning to castle queen side, moreover that White's bish op will be very useful in the prep aration of c4-cS.
(diagram) 6 • • • c!lJe7
After this move, Black pre serves the possibility to advance
l.d4 g6 2.c4 d6 3.e4 eS 4. lt:l c3
f7-fS, but his knight will not be so active on e7 as on the f6-square.
Following 6 ... lt:lgf6 7.f3, there arises a position which will be an alysed in the next volume, with the move-order - l.d4 c!lJf6 2.c4 d6 3.lt:lc3 lt:lbd7 4.e4 eS S.dS g6 6. i.e3 i.g7 7.f3 .
In this position, the principled plans for Black include the trade of his "bad" dark-squared bishop. 6 ... hS 7.�d2 .ih6 (7 ... aS 8.i.d3 lt:lcS 9.i.c2 i.d7 10.lt:lge2 i.h6 11. 0-0 �e3 12.�xe3 lt:lf6 13.f3 'it>f8 14.b3 'it>g7 1S.a3 lt:la6 16.!i:fb1 �b8 17.b4;!; Kraidman - Suttles, Sko pje 1972. There has arisen a typi cal position for this variation in which White's space advantage and the possibilities for active ac tions on the queenside are much more important positional factors than the fact that he has a "bad" light-squared bishop, moreover that he can always get rid of it with i.a4.) 8 . .ixh6 lt:lxh6 9.0...,.0-0 aS 10.i.d3 lt:lcS 11 . .ic2 .id7 12.f3 'it>f8 13.lt:lge2 'i!lg7 14.'it>bl;!; Olafs son - Haik, Thessaloniki 1988.
White's extra space guarantees for him a slight edge. In the mid dle game, he can organise active actions on the kingside after h3 (depriving Black's knight of the g4-square) and f4, while follow ing the trade of the queens, on the queenside as well with b3, a3 and b4.
6 ... �h6 7.ixh6 ltJxh6 8.W/d2 ltJg4 (The character of the posi tion would not change much after 8 ... ltJg8 9.�d3 ltJgf6 10.ltJge2:l; and there arises the same position as after 8 ... ttJg4, except that instead of h3, White had played the more useful move - ltJge2, Bachtiar - Ciocaltea, Wijk aan Zee 1974.) 9.h3 ltJgf6 10.�d3 hS 1l.�c2 h4 12.0-0-0 ltJhS 13.ltJge2:l;. White not only has more space, but leads in development too, so he must strive to open the position as quickly as possible, for example to play g2-g4 and after the exchange on g3 to double his rooks on the f-file, Bykhovsky - Neiman, Tel Aviv 2002.
6 ... ltJh6. The plan with the transfer of the knight to f7 seems to be too slow for Black. 7.h3 f6 8.W/d2 ltJf7 9.�d3 ltJcS 10.�c2 aS ll.ltJge2 �d7 12.0-0-0 a4. It is possible that he had to refrain from this important pawn-ad vance, but even then, White's prospects would have been pref erable. 13.�b1 W/b8 14.ltJb5 0-0 15.ltJec3± - He only needs now to choose the right moment to ex-
change on c5 and to win the ene my a4-pawn, Sakaev - Chigvint sev, Smolensk 2000.
Following 6 ... a5, there arise positions which are more typical for the Saemisch system of the King's Indian Defence and in a very favourable version for White. 7.�d3 ltJcS 8.�c2 ltJf6 9.f3 0-0 10.ltJge2 �d7 11.W/d2 h5 12.0-0-0 ltJh7 13.�b1 b6 14.g3 fS 15.exf5 gxfS. Now, he must prepare the pawn-break g3-g4 with 16.h3!, followed by E!dg1 and g4, after which the position is opened and almost all White's pieces join in the attack against the enemy king (He maintains an edge too follow ing 16.f4 ltJf6:l;, but Black has some counterplay due to the vul nerability of the e4 and g4- squares Spraggett - Lacroix, Montreal 1978.).
7.g4
This is a standard strategical resource for White, which here is justified tactically as well.
It does not seem logical for Black to choose 7 ... lLlf6, because then, he will be able to advance f7-f5 only after the retreat of his knight. 8 . .te2 0-0 (Following 8 ... hS 9.g5 lLlh7 lO.lLlf3 0-0 11.'1Wd2 .td7 12.0-0-0±, White has obvi ously much more space and the pawn-advance f7-f5 and captur ing en passant will lead to the weakening of the g6-pawn for Black, Finegold - Calton, East pointe 1994.) 9.h4 lLle8, Gruen berg - Uhlmann, Leipzig 1973, lO.hS± White has seized com pletely the initiative on the king side.
After the premature operation 7 .. .f5 8.gxf5 gxfS 9.'1Wh5+, Black will have to play 9 ... mf8 (since af ter 9 ... lLlg6 10.exf5 '!Wh4 ll.'!WgS .tf6 12.'1Wg3±, he will hardly man age to regain his sacrificed pawn, Huebner - Mohr, Germany 1990) 10.lLlh3! White's knight is headed immediately for the gS-square and from there it will control the super-important e4 and e6- squares. 10 ... lLlf6 ll.'!We2 lLlxe4 12. lLlxe4 fxe4 13.lLlg5;!; Black's extra pawn on e4 is absolutely immate rial, because White can regain it the moment he pleases. The placement of Black's monarch however, seems to be precarious, since there are still too many piec es left on the board.
8.£3 f5 9.g5
This move deprives Black's knight of the f6-square.
l.d4 g6 2.c4 i.g7 3.e4
9 • • • a5
After 9 ... c6 10.h4 cxdS ll.cxdS, in the game Velimirovic - Todor cevic, Bjelovar 1979, Black decid ed to sacrifice a pawn - 1l...b5. White refrained in vain from the move 12 . .txb5;!;, because in that case, Black's compensation would have been insufficient.
10.h4 .!Llc5 ll.'!Wd2 .td7 12 •
0-0-0 .!Llc8 13.h5-+ followed by '!Wh2 and actions on the h-file, La hner - Nehybka, Brno 2004. If Black decides at some moment to play f5-f4, then White will simply exchange on cS and follow that with .ih3, achieving the favoura ble trade of the light-squared bishops and preserving all the pluses of his position.
B) 2 • • • .tg7 3.e4 (diagram)
Now, Black has a great choice of possibilities. His most popular move is 3 • • • d6 and we will. ana lyse it in our next chapter. Here, we will deal with: Bl) 3 • • • c6, B2) 3 . • • c5 and B3) 3 • • • .!Llc6.
About 3 ... tt:Jf6 4.tt:lc3 - see part 2.
It is just bad for Black to play 3 ... e5, because after 4.dxe5 .ixe5 5.tt:lf3, he must lose a tempo for the retreat of his bishop. 5 ... .ig7 6.tt:lc3 tt:Je7 7.h4!? h6 8.if4 d6 9.c5!t Yurtaev - Dzhumaev, Tashkent 2007. This is an ener getic and strong move. Black is faced with difficult problems, since following 9 ... dxc5 10.�xd8+ 'it>xd8 11.0-0-0+ .id7 12.tt:lb5 tt:Ja6 13.tt:le5 ixe5 14 . .ixe5 E!:e8 15 . .if4 h5 16 . .ic4±, White has more than sufficient compensation for the pawn. He has two powerful bishop and Black's pieces are dis coordinated. On top of this, his king is endangered, despite the fact that it is an endgame.
Black would not equalise if he fianchettoes his second bishop: 3 ... b6 4.tt:lc3 .ib7 5.tt:lf3 d6 6.i.e2 tt:ld7 7.0-0 e6 8.i.e3 tt:Je7 9.�c2 h6 10.E!:ad1 0-0 ll.d5! This is the point! Now, Black's bishop on b7 will be restricted by White's pawn and the best that Black can do is
transfer his bishop to its initial c8-square. ll ... e5, Petrosian - Spassky, Moscow 1966. Here, White had to begin active actions on the queenside with 12.tt:ld2 f5 13.f3 f4 14.i.f2 g5 15.b4 a5 16.a3±, followed by c4-c5. His queenside initiative develops much faster than Black's counterplay on the opposite side of the board.
Bl) 3 • • • c6
Black plays this move only very seldom. He wishes to ad vance d7 -d5.
4.c!Oc3 d5
About 4 ... d6 5.i.e2 - see Chap ter 13, 4 ... c6.
5.e5!?
It is worse for White to play e4-e5 after a preliminary ex change on d5, because then Black's knight will gain access to the c6-square.
There arises transposition to the Panov attack of the Caro Kann Defence following 5.exd5
cxd5 6.cxd5 (It would be too risky for White to accept the pawn-sac rifice after 6.'Llxd5, since in the variation 6 ... e6 7.Vf/e2 'Llc6�, he will have problems to protect his pawn on d4 and his queen on e2 would impede the development of his kingside pieces.) 6 ... 'Llf6.
5 . • • .!L!h6
Black prepares to castle and to create counterplay against White's centre with the move t7- f6.
The position is difficult for Black following 5 ... dxc4 6 . .bc4 'Llh6 7.h3 'Llf5 8.'Llf3 b5 9 . .ib3 h5, Hart - Cardoso, Las Palmas 1975, 10.0-0± - he can hardly exploit the weakness of White's d4-pawn. The pawn-advance has only led to the weakening of Black's c6-pawn and the c5-square and White's knight can go there along the route 'Llc3-e4-c5.
Black cannot equalise with 5 ... .ie6. After 6.cxd5 hd5 7.'Llge2 'Llh6, the best for White is 8.'Llf4!? (although even after 8.'Llxd5 Vf/xd5 9.'Llc3 Vf/d7 10 . .ic4;t, his two bish ops and the more actively devel oped pieces compensate with an interest the vulnerability of White's d4-pawn, Olafsson - Car doso, Las Palmas 1975) 8 ... 0-0 9 . .id3 e6 10.0-0± Black's pieces are cramped and his knight on h6 is misplaced, moreover that the dark squares are very weak in his camp.
l.d4 g6 2.c4 .ig7 3.e4
6.h3
With this move White pre pares the development of his knight on f3 preventing the pos sibility .ig4. Black's position is cramped and the exchanges of pieces are in his favour.
6 • . . 0-0 7 . .!L!f3 f6
This move must be played im mediately.
It would be too slow for Black to choose 7 ... i>h8. After 8 . .ie2 dxc4 9.hc4 'Lld7 10.0-0 lt:Jb6 11. �b3 f6 12.�f4 'Lld5 13.lt:Jxd5 cxd5 14.exf6 exf6 15.Vf/d2 lt:Jf5 16J'Uel±, he will have problems with the development of his bishop on c8 and his other bishop is severely restricted by his own pawn on f6, Wojtaszek - Kuzmicz, Warsaw 2008.
8.exf6 exf6 9.�e2
9 • . • .ie6 10.�b3 �d7 11.0-0
dxc4
This is the best for Black. The exchanges do not equal�se for him completely, but facilitate his de fence for sure.
Following ll .. .lt:lf7 12J�e1 tt:ld6 13.c5 tt:lfS 14.�f4 gS 15.�h2±, White has occupied space on the queenside and Black's kingside activity is much rather in favour of White, because the pawn-ad vances have only weakened Black's king shelter, Short - Spassky, Zuerich 2001.
12 . .ixc4 .ixc4 13.ti'xc4+ 'fi!f7, Pinter - Okhotnik, Hungary 1999, 14.d5 ! ?;t White's pieces are much better prepared for the opening of the centre and the move f7-f6 has not only restricted the mobility of Black's bishop on g7, but has also weakened the shelter of his king.
B2) 3 ... c5
This move is in the spirit of the Indian Defence. Now, White's main task is to transpose, if pos sible, to the Averbakh system of the King's Indian Defence.
4.d5 d6
After 4 ... b5 S.cxbS, there arise positions from the Benko Gambit (in a very good version for White),
which will be analysed in our vol ume 3. In the majority of the cases White can transpose to favoura ble variations of the King's Indian Defence, for example: 5 ... d6 6. tt:lc3 tt:lf6 7.�e2 0-0 S.igS.
5.c!lJc3
s ... es
This is an attempt to keep the position closed.
Besides this, Black has a great choice of possibilities.
About 5 ... tt:lf6 6.ie2 0-0 7. igS - see the Averbakh system (Chapter 11).
Following 5 ... tt:la6, the best for White is to simply transpose to a favourable variation of the King's Indian Defence after 6.ie2 tt:lf6 7.ig5 0-0 8.f4 - see Chapter 9.
5 ... e6 6.�e2. Once again White is trying to transpose to the Aver bakh system. 6 ... exd5 7.exd5 tt:le7. After this move, there arise origi nal positions (following 7 ... tt:lf6, White achieves what he wants af-
ter 8.ig5 0-0 9.Wfd2 - see Chap ter 11, variation D) 8.tt:lf3 ig4 9.0-0 0-0 10.if4 tt:lfS ll.h3 .ixf3 12 . .ixf3. He has the two-bishop advantage and extra space. Later, in the game Iljushin - Moroze vich, Krasnoyarsk 2003, there fol lowed: 12 ... tt:Jd7 13.i.e4 tt:leS 14. i.xfS gxfS 15.b3 a6 16.!k1 tt:lg6 17.id2 f4 18.Wfh5;!; and White maintained a stable advantage thanks to his superior pawn structure.
It seems a bit dubious for Black to try the move S ... .ixc3+. Naturally, the trade of the bishop for the knight with the idea to compromise White's pawn-struc ture is well familiar. But here, contrary to the Nimzowitch De fence, the dark squares on Black's kingside have been weakened and this may become a telling factor in the future. 6.bxc3
About 6 ... tt:lf6 7.id3 WfaS 8. Wfb3 - see 6 ... Wfa5.
6 ... e5 7.i.d3 WfaS 8.Wfb3. Now, Black should better refrain from active actions and try to complete his development as quickly as possible. He will preserve then a
l.d4 g6 2.c4 i.g7 3.e4 slightly inferior, but still defensi ble position. His attempt to con tinue in an active fashion with 8 ... fS?! Duppel - V.Georgiev, Ger many 2001, could have led to a very difficult position for him fol lowing 9.exf5! White has two bishops, so he should strive to open the game. 9 ... gxf5 10.tt:lh3 tt:Jf6 11.0-0 h6 12.Wfc2. Now, Black is forced to play 12 ... e4, after which White's knight gains access to the wonderful f4-square. 13. .ie2 tt:lbd7 14.tt:lf4 tt:le5 15.tt:lh5! Af ter this move Black's monarch will not be able to castle and will remain for long in the centre of the board. 15 ... tt:Jxh5 16 . .ixh5+ 'k!;>d8 17.i.f4± White's two bishops are powerful force. It is under standable that without having completed his development and with a king stranded in the centre, Black should not be greedy to win material. After 17 ... tt:Jxc4? 18.Wfb3 tt:leS (18 ... b5 19.a4+-) 19 . .ixe5 dxeS 20.d6+-, despite the extra pawn, Black's position seems to be completely hopeless. He is in capable of parrying White's threats Wff7, or WfdS and WfeS.
6 ... Wfa5 7.Wfb3 tt:lf6 (It seems too dangerous for Black to opt for 7 .. .f5?! 8.exf5 .ixfS 9.tt:le2 tt:la6 10. tt:lg3 i.d7 ll.id3 0-0-0 12.0-0 tt:Jc7 13.E:e1 Wfa6 14.E:bl± and his e7-pawn is weak, while White's pieces are very active, Yermolin sky - Tate, Chicago 2008.) 8.id3 tt:Jbd7 9.tt:lf3 0-0 10.0-0;!; White has doubled pawns indeed, but his two bishops (particularly the
dark-squared bishop, which has