La lucha contra el cambio climático desde las políticas urbanas

Center of reception and follow up of self-introduced Addicts, Province: ………… City: ……..

Name and Surname [reference]: ………. Code: ………

Exact address: ………. (Ask at the end of interview) Name and surname of interviewer: ………..

Tel: ………. (Ask at the end of interview) Date: cccccc

1 Age: cc

2 Gender 1- Male c 2-Female: c

3 Permanent Location: 1- City (write it) c… . ….2- Village c (Respective city's name is mentioned) ……..

4 Place of Birth: 1- City (write it) c… . ….2- Village c (Respective city's name is mentioned) …… 3- Abroad ( The name of country must be mentioned) ……. 5 What is your job? (You can select multiple options) ………..

1- Student c 2-University Student c 3-Housekeeperc 4- Soldierc 5-Laborc 6- Farmerc 7-Government employees(military)c 8-Government employees(civilian) c 9-Shopkeeperc 10-Retiredc 11-Unemployedc 12-Other(write it) c …….. 6 What is your education level?

1-Unseducatedc 2-Able to read and writec 3-Elementary school onlyc 4-Junior Schoolc 5-Diplomac 6-Associated degreec 7-Bachelorc 8-Mastersc 9-

Doctorate(PhD)c 10-Religions studiesc 11- Other(write it) c …….. 7 What is your marital status?

1-Singlec 2-Marriedc 3-Abandonmentc 4-Divorcedc … times 5-Widowc 6- Temporery Marriagec 7-Remarriagec …times 8-Polygamyc 9-Other(write it) c …

8 How many children do you have? cc 9 How is your housing status?

1-Home ownerc 2-Rental homec 3-Living in father's housec 4-Living in father in law housec 5-Residential housec 6-Other (write it) c …

10 What is your average total monthly income (Tooman)? cccccccc

11 What is the reason for your visit? (Read the answers , select multiple options) 1-Physical side effects of drugsc 2-Psychological side effects of drugsc 3-

Financial problemsc 4-Legal problemsc 5-Pregnancyc 6-Pressure(family, Wife, Friends) c 7-Social problemsc 8-Other (write it) c

12 Do you have any history of smoking (either past or present)? 1-Yes, in the pastc 2-Yes, in the presentc 3-Noc

13 At what age did you start smoking cigarette/Tobacco?

1-Under 10 years oldc 2-Between 10-14 yearsc 3- Between 15-19 yearsc 4- Between 20-24 yearsc 5- Between 25-29 yearsc 6 Between 30-34 yearsc 7- Between 35-39 yearsc 8- Between 40-44 yearsc 9-Above 45 yearsc

14 What kind of drug (or drugs) do you use now?

1-Marijuanac 2-Opium sapc 3-Opiumc 4-Heroinc 5-Alchoholc 6-Other (Write it) c ………

15 How do you use drugs? ( You can select multiple options)

1-Smokingc 2-Swallowingc 3-Injectionc 4-Drinkingc 5-Enemac 6-Snortingc 16 How often do you use drugs on average?

1-Four times or more per dayc 2-Two or three times per dayc 3-Once a dayc 4- Two to six times per dayc 5-Once a week or lessc

17 How much drug do you use in 24 hours? Marijuana ……….. Cigarette Opium ……… Ounces Heroin ……… Grams Alcohol ……… Other ………. 18 How much money do you spend to getting the drugs?

1-Less than 1000 Toomansc 2- 1001-3000 Toomansc 3- 3001-7000 Toomansc 4-7001-12000 Toomansc 5-12001-18000 Toomansc 6- More than 18001 Toomansc

19 What was the first drug that you used? ( If the first was Alcohol, Please notify the second)

1-Marijuanac 2-Opium sapc 3-Opiumc 4-Heroinc 5-Alchoholc 6-Other (Write it) c ………

20 At what age did you start using drug? 1-Alcohol: cc

2-Other :cc

21 Who suggest you to use the drugs for the first time (Except cigarette and alcohol)? (Read the answers)

1-A family memberc 2- A relativec 3-(school) Friends c 4-(outside School) Friends or work colleagues c 5-Strangers c 6-Otherc

22 Where did you start using drugs for the first time?

1-Family’s Partiesc 2-Friends’ Partiesc 3-At Parkc 4-At Schoolc 5-In the streetc 6-In Military c 7-At Officec

23 Did anybody in your family use any drugs before you started it (Except cigarette and alcohol)? 1-Yesc 2-Noc

24 Who? (You can select multiple options)

1-Spous /Partnerc 2-Fatherc 3-Motherc 4-Sisterc 5-Brother c 6- Child c 25 Which drugs have you used until now? ( You can select multiple options) 26 Have you ever used shared needle for injection? 1- Yesc 2-Noc

27 Have you ever quit drugs (except alcohol and cigarette)? 1-Yesc 2-Noc 28 How many times: cc

29 How long was the largest period of quitting period?

1-Less than one week c 2-one to four weeksc 3-one to three monthsc 4-three months and one day to six monthsc 5-Six months and one day to twelve months c 6-One year and one day to three yearsc 7-Three years and one day to five yearsc 8-More than five years ( write it) c ….

30 How did you quit the drug? ( Read the answers, you can choose multiple options) 1-Individuallyc 2-Outpation visit in private centersc 3-Inpatient Visit in private centersc 4-Outpatient visit in governmental centersc 5-Stay in drug rehabilitation centers c 6- Stay in camps or prisonsc 7-Other (write it)

46  

1. United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime. World Drug Report 2012. Vienna; 2012. 2. Bank TW. INNOCENT BYSTANDERS. Washington; 2010.

3. Matthee R. The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500- 1900. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 2005.

4. Jafari S, Movaghar A, Craib K, Baharlou S, Mathias R. Socio-cultural Factors Associated with the Initiation of Opium Use in Darab, Iran. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2009; 7(2): 376-88.

5. Razzaghi EM, Movaghar, A. R., Green, T. C., Khoshnood, K. Profiles of risk: A qualitative study of injecting drug users in Tehran, Iran. Harm Reduction Journal. 2006; 3(12).

6. Tait R. Iran faces up to its most lethal threat-drugs. The Gaurdian. 2005

7. United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime. Technical Cooperation on Drugs and Crime in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2011-2014; 2008.

8. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. HIV situation and response analysis. Iran: Center of Diseases Management; 2006.

9. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2009. New York: United Nations; 2010.

10. Mokri A. Brief Overview of the Status of Drug Abuse in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2002; 5(3): 184-90.

11. Malekinejad M, Vazirian, M. Transition to injection amongst opioid users in Iran: Implications for harm reduction. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2012; 23: 333-7.

47  

lifetime non-fatal overdose of drugs in Iranian substance abusers. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2010; 15(4).

13. Khodabandeh F EM, Mostafazadeh B. Epidemiological assessment of acute poisoning death-one year survey. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine. 2012; 2(3): 103-9.

14. Mohammadzadeh MA, Hossain-Akbar M, Ejtemaee-Mehr S. Vascular lesions in intravascular drug abusers in Guilan, north of Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2007; 10(4): 522-4.

15. Sharifi-Mood B, Metanat M. Infection among hospitalized injection drug users. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2006; 6(4): 686-9.

16. Zobeiri M, Adibi P, Alavian SM. Intravenous drug use and hepatitis C virus in Iran. Hepatitis Monthly 2012; 12(1): 9-10.

17. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS. 2012 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland; 2012.

18. Strathdee. HIV and risk environment for injecting drug users: the past, present, and future. Lancet. 2010: 268-84.

19. Narenjiha H RH, Baghestani AH et al. Rapid Situation Assessment of Drug Abuse and Drug Dependence in Iran: DARIUS Institute; 2005.

48  

Drug Abuse in Iran (1998-1999). Tehran: Iranian Welfare Organization and United Nations International Drug Control Program; 1999.

22. United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime. World Drug Report: United Nations; 2012.

23. de Kort G VM, Nassirimanesh B. Young people and drugs: Towards a comprehensive health promotion policy - Tehran report. Tehran, Iran: Asian Harm Reduction Network (AHRN), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); 2006.

24. UNODC. The Opium Economy in Afghanistan: An International Problem. New York: United Nations; 2003.

25. Farrell G, Thorne J. Where have all the flowers gone?: evaluation of the Taliban crackdown against opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2005; 16(2): 81-91.

26. Peters G. How Opium Profits the Taliban. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace; 2009.

27. K BL. Planning Health Promotion Programs. 2nd ed. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey Bass; 2006.

28. Sa´nchez J. Chitwood D, Koo D. Risk Factors Associated with the Transition from Heroin Sniffing to Heroin Injection: A Street Addict Role Perspective. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, . 2006; 83(5): 896-910.

29. Scal P, Ireland M, Borowsky IW. Smoking among American adolescents: a risk and protective factor analysis. Journal of Community Health 2003; 28(2): 79-97.

49  

injecting and Injecting Drug Addicts? International Journal of Preventative Medicine. 2012; 3(6): 414-9.

31. Gonzales R, Mooney, L, Rawson, R. The Methamphetamine Problem in the United States. Annual Review of Public Health. 2010; 31 385-98.

32. Tuusov J, Vals,K, Tõnisson, M, Riikoja, A , Denissov, G, Väli, M. Fatal poisoning in Estonia 2000–2009. Trend in illegal drug-related deaths. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2013 Jan;20(1):51-6

33. Cheng Y, Sherman SG, Srirat N, Vongchak T, Kawichai S, Jittiwutikarn J, et al. Risk factors associated with injection initiation among drug users in Northern Thailand. Harm Reduction Journal 2006; 3: 10.

34. Sanchez JL, Todd, C.S., Bautista, C.T., Botros, B.A., Khakimov, M.M., Giyasova. G.M., Yakubov, S.K., Abdulaeva, M.A., Saad, M.D., Graham, R.R., Carr, J.K., Earhart, K.C. High HIV prevalence and risk factors among injection drug users in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2003-2004. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2006; 82(SUPP1): S15-22. 35. Roy E, Haley, N, Leclerc P, Cedras L, Blais L, Boivin JF. Drug injection among street youths in Montreal: predictors of initiation. Journal of Urban Health 2003; 80(1): 92–105.

36. C SCaA. Drugs and Iran after the Islamic Revolution; prophesying the next quarter century The International Journal of Addictions 1990-91; 25 (2A): 171-9.

50  

Republic of Iran. The Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme July 2005; Briefing Report Eight: 1-6.

38. Razani N, Mohraz M, Kheirandish P, Malekinejad M, Malekafzali H, Mokri A, et al. HIV risk behavior among injection drug users in Tehran, Iran. Addiction. 2007; 102(9): 1472-82.

39. Cheng S, Garfein, R, [...], Patterson, T. Increased Drug Use and STI Risk with Injection Drug Use Among HIV-Seronegative Heterosexual Methamphetamine Users. Journal of Pshycoactive Drugs. 2010; 42(1): 11-8.

40. Crofts N, Louie R, Rosenthal D, Jolley D. The first hit: circumstances surrounding initiation into injecting. Addiction. 1996; 91(8): 1187-96.

41. Cooley ME, Jennings-Dozier K. Lung cancer in African Americans. A call for action. Cancer Practice 1998; 6(2): 99-106.

42. Rossi PH, Lipsey MW, Freeman HE. Evaluation: A systematic approach: SAGE Publications, Incorporated; 2003.

43. Pechacek TF BN, Husten CG, Mariolis P, Starr GB. Best practices for comprehensive tobacco control programs-2007. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention; 2007.

44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC grand rounds: current opportunities in tobacco control. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2010; 59(16): 487- 92.

51  

Twelve Years Later. Washington, DC: Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids; 2010.

52  

VIRA AMELI