Módulo 4: Data Science

The Friesland spent more time standing during the hot-wet season and more time lying down in the cool-dry season compared to the Jersey and the crosses. Conversely the Jersey spent more time grazing and less time lying down during the cool- dry season. The influence of season on activities was observed across the seasons. Lying down was positively correlated with milk yield of Jersey and Friesland cows. It is, therefore, recommended that farmers adopt the techniques that would buffer the effect of season on the feeding behaviour of the pasture based dairy cows. These include the provision of shades and shelter so as to improve the welfare and milk yield. However, the time budgets do not provide adequate information on the welfare needs of these dairy cows. There is, therefore, a need to ascertain the human- animal interaction which is critical for the welfare of the pasture-based dairy breeds.

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CHAPTER 4: Avoidance-related behavioural variables and their relationship with milk