El maestro como actor en la construcción de la educación inclusiva

Market orientation components including customer emphasis, intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination, and intelligence responsiveness of the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh significantly determine the levels of:

3.1 business performance;

3.2 employees’ organisational commitment; 3.3 employees’ esprit de corps;

3.4 customer satisfaction; and 3.5 repeat customer.

Tables 8.7 to 8.12 are related to hypothesis 3. While Tables 8.7 to 8.11 presented the stepwise regression analysis findings for each dependent variable, Table 8.12 is the stepwise regression summary table that displays the relationships between dependent and independent variables. Hypothesis 3 was tested regressing business performance,

employees’ organisational commitment, esprit de corps, customer satisfaction, and repeat customer on four components of market orientation.

Business Performance (Economic Performance)

Table 8.7 displays that two market orientation components, intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness are significantly related to the business performance of the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh.

Table 8.7. Consequences of Market Orientation: Stepwise Regression Dependent Variable; Business Performance (Economic Performance)

VARIABLE B SEB β t Intelligence Generation .49 .08 .43 6.44*** Intelligence Responsiveness Constant R2 ∆R2 F N .19 10.91 .32 .31 49.18*** 216 .07 .20 2.93** Note: *** p < 0.001 ** p < 0.01

Table 8.7 indicates that intelligence generation (β .43, p < 0.001) and intelligence responsiveness (β = .20, p < 0.01) were statistically significant and positively related to the business performance. While significant relationships were identified between intelligence generation, intelligence responsiveness and business performance, the other two market orientation components, customer emphasis and intelligence dissemination, were dropped from the stepwise regression equation. Results indicate that, when other market orientation components are held constant, with the one unit increase of agreement from the respondents that they generate intelligence, also produces .43 units of agreement that they achieved better business performance. Similarly, with the increase of one unit of responsiveness to intelligence, business performance was also increased by .20 units.

The calculated value for R2 = .32 suggests that the intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness included in the stepwise regression equation explain 32% of the variation in the dependent variable that is business performance. The value for ∆R2

= .31 ensures that, when adjusted for degrees of freedom, the two independent variables explain 31% of the variation of the dependent variable.

In short, findings of the study suggest that only intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness of the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh significantly determine the level of economic business performance and the other two market orientation components, customer emphasis and intelligence dissemination, were dropped from the regression equation during the stepwise procedure because of their low or insignificant contributions. These findings confirm that intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness significantly determine the level of business performance rather than all the four market orientation components. Thus, with this confirmation it can be said that the hypothesis 3.1 is partly supported.

Employees’ Organisational Commitment (Non-Economic Performance)

Table 8.8 on page 180 shows that the employees’ organisational commitment of the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh is a function of customer emphasis, intelligence dissemination, and intelligence responsiveness components of market orientation.

Findings of the study suggest that, while customer emphasis (β = .22, p < 0.01), intelligence dissemination (β = .25, p < 0.01), and intelligence responsiveness (β = .26, p < 0.001) were found to be statistically significant and positively related to the employees’ organisational commitment, intelligence generation was dropped from the stepwise regression equation because of its low or insignificant contribution. The findings also suggest that, with the one unit increase of customer emphasis, employees’ organisational commitment was increased by .22 units; with the one unit increase of intelligence dissemination, employees’ organisational commitment was increased by .25 units; and with the one unit increase of intelligence responsiveness, employees’ organisational commitment was increased by .26 units.

Table 8.8. Consequences of Market Orientation: Stepwise Regression Dependent Variable; Employees’ Organisational Commitment (Non-Economic Performance)

VARIABLE B SEB β t Customer Emphasis .30 .09 .22 3.37** Intelligence Dissemination .29 .08 .25 3.42** Intelligence Responsiveness Constant R2 ∆R2 F N .16 -1.28 .38 .37 43.20*** 216 .04 .26 3.73*** Note: *** p < 0.001 ** p < 0.01

The calculated values for R2 = .38 and for ∆R2 = .37 further support the significant relationships between customer emphasis, intelligence dissemination, intelligence responsiveness and employees’ organisational commitment. The value for R2 indicates that these three market orientation components included in the regression equation explain 38% of the variation of the employees’ organisational commitment, and the value for ∆R2 _{suggests that these three market orientation components explain 37% of}

the variation of the organisational commitment, when adjusted for degrees of freedom.

In short, the stepwise regression analysis results suggest that the three market orientation components, customer emphasis, intelligence dissemination, and intelligence responsiveness, were retained in the regression equation because of their significant contributions, and intelligence generation was dropped during the stepwise regression procedure because of its low or insignificant contribution. Therefore, it can be said that, hypothesis 3.2 is partly supported.

Employees’ Esprit de Corps (Non-Economic Performance)

Table 8.9 shows that customer emphasis, intelligence generation, and intelligence responsiveness are significantly related to the employees’ esprit de corps. While customer emphasis (β = .16, p < 0.05), intelligence generation (β = .32, p < 0.001), and intelligence responsiveness (β = .32, p < 0.001) were found to contribute to the employees’ esprit de corps, intelligence dissemination was dropped from the stepwise regression equation during the regression procedure. The findings also suggest that, with one unit increase of customer emphasis, esprit de corps was increased by .16 units; with one unit increase of intelligence generation, esprit de corps was increased by .32 units; and with one unit increase of intelligence responsiveness, esprit de corps was increased by .32 units. This increase in esprit de corps, because of the increase of the three market orientation components, suggests that the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh should place emphasis on their customer, generate appropriate intelligence, and respond to the intelligence.

Table 8.9. Consequences of Market Orientation: Stepwise Regression Dependent Variable; Employees’ Esprit de Corps (Non-Economic Performance)

VARIAVLE B SEB β t Customer Emphasis .18 .08 .16 2.20* Intelligence Generation .18 .04 .32 4.18*** Intelligence Responsiveness Constant R2 ∆R2 F N .16 4.03 .47 .46 63.05*** 216 .03 .32 5.40*** Note: *** p < 0.001 * p < 0.05

The calculated value for R2 = .47 suggests that the customer emphasis, intelligence generation, and intelligence responsiveness included in the regression equation explain 47% variation of the employees’ esprit de corps. The calculated value for ∆R2 _{= .46 also}

indicates that, when adjusted for degrees of freedom, these three market orientation components explain 46% of the dependent variable, employees’ esprit de corps.

In short, findings suggest that customer emphasis, intelligence generation, and intelligence responsiveness were retained in the stepwise regression equation because of their greater contribution than the intelligence dissemination. Thus, it can be said that, while these three components were identified to be significantly contributing to the level of employees’ esprit de corps, intelligence dissemination was found to be ineffective. Therefore, it can be concluded that, hypothesis 3.3 is partly supported by the findings of this study.

Customer Satisfaction (Non-Economic Performance)

Table 8.10 shows that two market orientation components, intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness are significantly related to the customer satisfaction of the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh.

Table 8.10. Consequences of Market Orientation: Stepwise Regression Dependent Variable; Customer Satisfaction (Non-Economic Performance)

VARIABLE B SEB β t Intelligence Generation .17 .04 .28 3.98*** Intelligence Responsiveness Constant R2 ∆R2 F N .15 14.33 .24 .24 34.08*** 216 .04 .28 3.99*** Note: *** p < 0.001

Intelligence generation (β = .28, p < 0.001), and intelligence responsiveness (β = .28, p < 0.001) were identified to be statistically significant and positively related to customer satisfaction. The findings suggest that, with the one unit increase of intelligence generation, customer satisfaction was increased by .28 units; and with the one unit increase of intelligence responsiveness, customer satisfaction was also increased by .28

units. This increase in customer satisfaction with the increase in intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness suggests that customer satisfaction in Bangladesh is a function of intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness of the consumer goods manufacturing companies.

The calculated value for R2= .24 suggests that intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness included in the regression equation explain 24% of the variation of the customer satisfaction. The calculated value for ∆R2_{= .24 suggests that, when adjusted}

for degrees of freedom, these two independent variables also explain 24% of the variation of the dependent variable. This values for R2 and for ∆R2 further support the relationships between the explanatory variables and dependent variables.

In short, findings suggest that intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness were kept in the regression equation and the other two market orientation components, customer emphasis and intelligence dissemination, were dropped during the stepwise regression procedure because of their low or insignificant contributions to the regression equation. Thus, intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness of the consumer goods manufacturing in Bangladesh significantly contribute to the level of customer satisfaction rather than all the four market orientation components. Therefore, hypothesis 3.4 is partly supported.

Repeat Customer (Non-Economic Performance)

Table 8.11 on page 184 shows that the repeat customers of the consumer goods manufacturing companies in Bangladesh is a positive function of intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness as these two market orientation components, intelligence generation (β = .32, p < 0.001) and intelligence responsiveness (β = .28, p < 0.001) were found to be significantly contributing to the repeat customer.

The findings suggest that, with one unit increase of intelligence generation, repeat customer was increased by .32 units, and with the one unit increase of intelligence responsiveness, repeat customer was increased by .28 units. These positive relationships between intelligence generation, intelligence responsiveness and repeat customer

suggest that, consumer goods manufacturing companies should place emphasis on generating and responding to intelligence in order to create more repeat purchases.

Table 8.11. Consequences of Market Orientation: Stepwise Regression Dependent Variable; Repeat Customer (Non-Economic Performance)

VARIABLE B SEB β t Intelligence Generation .14 .03 .32 4.70*** Intelligence Responsiveness Constant R2 ∆R2 F N .11 7.93 .28 .27 41.47*** 216 .03 .28 4.08*** Note: *** p < 0.001

The value for R2 = .28 suggests that, intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness explain 28% of the variation of the repeat customer and the value of ∆R2

= .27 indicates that if adjusted for degrees of freedom, the two market orientation components explain 27% of the variation of the repeat customer.

In short, it can be noted from the findings that, only intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness were retained in the regression equation and the other two components, customer emphasis and intelligence dissemination, were dropped during the stepwise procedure because of their low or insignificant contribution to the regression equation. That means intelligence generation and intelligence responsiveness could make more significant contributions to the repeat customer than the customer emphasis and intelligence dissemination. Thus, the hypothesis 3.5 is also partly supported.