Maquinaria y Mecanización forestal 5.5.1.1.1 Datos Básicos del Nivel 3

Use the key and circle the illustrations.

red _{thousands of years ago} blue _{hundreds of years ago green nowadays}

Where people lived .

How people travelled . 1

Remember

Cities and villages change with time .

You can find out about the past by visiting historic remains and monuments or looking at historical records, such as old photographs .

Extension worksheets

1 Our skeleton . . . 50 2 Our sight . . . 52 3 Get moving! . . . 54 4 How animals protect themselves from the cold . . 56 5 Head-foot . . . 58 6 The wheel . . . 60 7 Flat or round? . . . 62 8 How does drinking water get to our homes? . . . 64 9 Weather maps . . . 66 10 Iceland . . . 68 11 Villages and cities . . . 70 12 Potatoes . . . 72 13 World Heritage Cities . . . 74 14 Town halls . . . 76 15 Art museums . . . 78 ANSWER KEYS . . . 85

50 Name

Date

EXTENSION

Our skeleton

1

Label the skeleton with these words. 1

All vertebrate animals have a skeleton .

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones . Bones have many important functions:

They give the body shape .

They support the body’s muscles . They support the weight of the body .

They protect the vital organs . For example, the skull protects the brain . The ribs protect the heart and lungs . The spinal column protects the spinal cord .

maxilla clavicle spinal column pelvis sternum knee cap radius femur humerus tibia nasal bone skull ulna ribs fibula

51

1

skull sternum pelvis

knee cap clavicle tibia

nasal bone radius maxilla

Classify the bones. 2

Complete the text. 3

Head Trunk Limbs

Our skeleton is made up of 206 . Bones have many

important functions .

The skeleton supports our and gives it shape .

The protect the heart and lungs .

The protects the brain .

The protects the spinal cord .

Bones have different shapes and sizes .

The longest bone is the .

The smallest bones are the ,

the and the .

52 Name

Date

EXTENSION

Number the illustrations in order.

Explain in your own words how the sense of sight works . 1

Our sight

2

We can see because our brain interprets the information it receives from our eyes . First, the eyes capture an image from the outside world .

Then, the eyes convert this information into nerve impulses . Nerve impulses are small electric currents than run through our nerves .

After that, the nerves carry this information to the brain .

Finally, the brain receives and interprets this information . This is how we see .

Sometimes the brain interprets the information it receives from the eyes in a different way . This produces an optical illusion: we see something differently from reality . An optical illusion is not real .

53

2

Look at the illustrations and choose the correct answer.

Which line appears longer? A B

Which black circle appears bigger? A B

Look closely at these optical illusions. Then, describe each one.

Look at the drawing. Very slowly, move the paper closer to your face until it touches your nose.

Where is the candle? On the left or right side of the line? 2 3 4 A A B B

54 Name

Date

EXTENSION

Get moving!

3

Some animals stay in one place all their lives . They do not move . For example, sponges and barnacles live attached to rocks . However, most animals can move around,

and they do it in different ways .

Birds, bats and insects fly . Lizards and crocodiles crawl .

Fish, whales and sea turtles swim . Humans, ostriches and mice walk .

Snakes slither .

Animals move at different speeds . Walking at a normal pace, human beings usually walk five or six kilometres per hour . Some animals can travel in one hour a distance that takes other animals a whole year! Here are some examples:

SPEED ANIMALS

on land in the air in water

The slowest

Sloths move at 12 metres per hour .

Small flies move at 35 metres per hour . Perches swim at 2 .10 kilometres per hour . The fastest

Cheetahs can run at 100 kilometres per hour .

Falcons can fly at 300 kilometres per hour .

Sailfish can swim at 110 kilometres per hour .

Match. 1

It flies . It swims . It walks .

A B

55

3

Draw these animals.

Write how each one moves .

Answer the questions.

All living things carry out life processes . Which life process is related to movement? Explain .

What living things cannot move? How do they carry out the life process of sensitivity?

Identify two living things that you can find in your school playground or garden. Explain how they carry out the life function of sensitivity.

2 3 4

56 Name

Date

EXTENSION

4

How animals

protect themselves from the cold

Write a definition for these words. Hibernate Migrate

Use the key and circle the illustrations.

blue migrate red hibernate

During the winter, the days get shorter

and the temperatures drop . So, animals need to protect themselves from the cold .

Some animals, such as rabbits, dogs, cats and polar bears, grow thicker fur to keep them warm .

Some animals hibernate . This means they sleep during the coldest months of the year . For example, squirrels, bears, turtles, bats and frogs hibernate and sleep all winter .

Some animals migrate . This means they travel long distances to find warmer climates . For example, storks, antelopes, whales, swallows and ducks migrate .

57

4

Write three characteristics for each animal.

What characteristic do these animals have in common? 3

58 Name

Date

EXTENSION

5

Head-foot

Answer the questions.

What does cephalopod mean?

Are cephalopods vertebrates or invertebrates? Explain .

Are all marine animals invertebrates? Explain .

Name three other animals that can swim . 1

Cephalopods are animals such as squids, octopuses and cuttlefish . These sea creatures are unusual because their feet, which are actually long tentacles, surround their mouth and are attached to their heads . Cephalopod means head-foot .

Did you know that the octopus is one of the most intelligent of all the invertebrates in the marine world? Octopuses also have excellent eyesight, although they cannot hear .

An octopus’s soft body looks like a large bag . It lives on the ocean floor, and its eight tentacles help it to move about and catch food . An octopus moves by jet propulsion: it sucks water in then squirts it out of its head so fast that it moves through the water!

Octopuses protect themselves in two ways . They squirt dark ink which blinds their enemies and gives them time to escape . They also change the colour of their skin so that they blend in with their surroundings . This helps them hide from their enemies .

59

5

Write T (true) or F (false).

Octopuses are one of the most intelligent invertebrates in the marine world .

Octopuses are blind .

Octopuses move using their fins .

Octopuses can change the colour of their skin for protection .

Classify these invertebrate animals. bee

clam jellyfish caterpillar moth

worm

squid dragonfly scorpion

Invertebrate animals

air water land

Animal How it moves Where it lives

Complete the chart with information about four invertebrate animals. 4

60 Name

Date

EXTENSION

The wheel

6

Circle the illustration of the most ancient wheel.

Why do you think this is the oldest wheel?

Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How do you think people moved heavy objects?

The wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time . It changed our means of transport forever . The wheel is a simple machine that was invented over 5,000 years ago . It consists of a disk that turns on an axle . The first wheels were simple disks

made of solid wood . Wheels with spokes were invented over 1,000 years later .

Later, wheels were made of metal . This allowed heavy objects to be moved from one place to another .

After that, metal wheels were covered with rubber and cork . These wheels are still used today because they are so light and resilient .

61

6

Circle five means of transport that use wheels.

R B I C Y C L E W U P A R F T A S Y U R O D G W C L E Q K I I L G O L V G B U S S R B X V I J Q T R A I N H M L F Y R J N K T P

Name a means of transport that does not use wheels . Explain how it moves .

What means of transport do these wheels belong to? Write. 3 4 A E D C B

62 Name

Date

EXTENSION

Today, everybody knows the Earth is round . However, hundreds of years ago, people believed the Earth was flat .

When we look at the horizon, from where we are the Earth seems flat . When we look up at the Sun, the stars and the planets, they seem to orbit the Earth . People believed this was true for a long, long time .

In the 16th_{century, two navigators from} Portugal and Spain wanted to prove that the world was not flat . So, they sailed around the world .

This is how Hernando Magallanes and Juan Sebastián Elcano proved that the Earth is round . Tick the true sentence.

The Earth is flat .

The Sun, the stars and the planets orbit the Earth .

Navigators from the 16th_{century proved that the Earth is round .} It is impossible to know the shape of the Earth .

Imagine you are in outer space. What does the Earth look like?

Describe its shape . Describe the colour of the continents and oceans . 1

Flat or round?

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7

Imagine that the Earth is flat. Could we travel around the world by boat?

What would happen?

Read the definition and write the correct word. Then, circle the same words in the wordsearch.

The natural satellite of the Earth .

The movement of the Earth on its axis .

The movement of the Earth around the Sun .

Life on Earth is possible thanks to this star .

The third planet from the Sun in the Solar System .

The layer of air that surrounds the Earth .

The largest planet in the Solar System .

Q A H A E M O O N Z H T K X S F W P H T P M M S U N V M T R J O N P W F V N Y O U S B G M A E A M T P P X Y K Y A P R A I H S U I B R U N T T E W R A N T G A I E R E C S H H A L O R E V O L U T I O N

Write the names of the eight planets in our Solar System. 3

64 Name

Date

EXTENSION

8

How does drinking

water get to our homes?

River water collects in reservoirs . This water is not clean and it is not safe to drink .

First, this water goes to treatment plants through pipes . Here it is cleaned of impurities .

Once it is safe to drink, this water is distributed to homes through pipes .

Used water from our homes is collected through a network of sewers . Then it flows to treatment plants to be cleaned of impurities again .

Finally, the treated water goes back into rivers . Sometimes, it is recycled and used for watering parks and gardens .

Answer the questions.

Where is river water collected?

Where is water cleaned?

How is water distributed to our homes?

What happens to water after we use it in our homes?

What is drinking water? 1

65

8

Use the key and circle the water pipes. Answer the question.

red pipes carrying clean water blue pipes carrying used water

Which rooms have taps?

All living things need water, but water is scarce. What can we do to save water? Write three ideas.

66 Name

Date

EXTENSION

9

Weather maps

Weather maps use different symbols to represent weather conditions . These maps show us what the weather will be like in different places .

The key below explains the meaning of each symbol .

For example, the symbol means it will be sunny .

The symbol means it will be both sunny and cloudy .

Look at the maps and answer the questions.

What day did it rain most? What day did it snow? What day was it sunnier?

What day was it hotter? How do you know? 1

sunny and cloudy

sunny windy rainy cloudy foggy snowy

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9

Look at the maps. Read what each person says and draw the correct weather symbols. 2

What was the weather like yesterday where you live? 3

sunny foggy rainy

snowy windy stormy

Tomorrow, it will be stormy in the North . It will be windy in the East . It will be foggy in the

West . It will be sunny in the South . Today, it will be snowy

in the North . It will be sunny in the West . It will be

foggy in the South . It will be rainy in the East . N W E S N W E S

68 Name

Date

EXTENSION

Iceland

10

Answer the questions.

How did Iceland get its name?

Look at the map . Where is Iceland?

What are geysers?

Describe the landscape of Iceland .

Explain why agriculture is not an important industry in Iceland . 1

In the North of Europe, there is a large island called Iceland . The Vikings lived in this country hundreds of years ago . Iceland gets its name because it has a lot of glaciers . Iceland is a volcanic island . There are over 30 active volcanoes on it . It also has many glaciers, hot water springs and geysers . Geysers look like fountains

of hot water . They are really underground springs of hot water that shoot jets of water and steam high into the air . The landscape of Iceland is amazing . Astronauts say that it looks like the Moon’s landscape because it has so many craters, lava deserts and plains covered with volcanic ash . Iceland also has magnificent rivers, waterfalls and fields covered with green moss . You cannot find those on the Moon! Fishing is the most important industry in Iceland . Farming is difficult because the land is not very fertile and the climate is also very cold .

Iceland

69

10

Compare the landscape of Iceland and the Moon.

Look at the wordsearch. Circle three Balearic Islands and three Canary Islands.

L A N Z A R O T E A F Q W P X S E M G V I B I Z A N V O C T Q B S L E N M E N O R C A R S E G H K O P S I R R A R E V I S F U A F O X O R O E L M A L L O R C A X

Cross out the word that does not belong. Explain why.

cape gulf moor peninsula The odd one out is because

slope foot summit bay The odd one out is because

Similarities

Differences

Balearic Islands Canary Islands

Ibiza Formentera Menorca Mallorca Cabrera La Palma Lanzarote Tenerife El Hierro La Gomera

70 Name

Date

EXTENSION

Villages and cities

11

Many towns and villages in Spain are thousands of years old . However, they have grown in different ways .

Some developed rapidly and became rich . Thousands of people from different places moved there to find jobs . As a result, these villages grew into cities with tall buildings, wide streets and industries and services .

Other villages have not grown . In fact, some villages are almost empty now . The villagers have moved away to cities in search of better opportunities .

Answer the questions.

Why does the population of a place grow?

Imagine you want to move from a village to a big city . Give three reasons why .

Colour the services you can find in your town or village. car park

hospital school cinema

university

park library museum

71

11

Look at the map. Write the letter and number for the location of the places.

university town hall

railway station library

Look at the map. Use the key and colour the routes.

red _{from the library to the town hall}

blue _{from the station to the stadium}

green _{from the university to town hall}

Draw two more services on the map. Write the names and coordinates. 4 5 library town hall university stadium cathedral railway station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D

72 Name

Date

EXTENSION

12

Potatoes

Potatoes are one of the most popular foods in the world . You can eat them fried, boiled or baked, and they’re always delicious . But this popular vegetable was unknown in Europe 600 years ago .

Potatoes originally come from South America . Spanish explorers brought the first potato plants back with them to Spain .

If you want to grow potatoes, you need to follow these steps carefully .

Prepare the soil. Clear out stones and weeds in late winter . Fertilise. Add compost or fertiliser to the soil in early spring . This helps the plants to grow bigger .

Plough. Dig and turn the soil in early spring . Plant. Plant the seeds in the soil in spring .

Harvest. Your potatoes will be ready to eat in the summer . Dig them up with a fork .

Tick the correct answer.

Potatoes are originally from: Spain .

Europe . America .

Plant potato seeds in: spring .

winter . autumn .

Harvest potatoes in: winter .

spring . summer . 1

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12

Look at the illustration.

Where do potatoes grow?

Are potatoes roots, leaves or stem tubers?

Look at the pictures. Write the words. Put the pictures in order. prepare the soil

fertilise plant harvest

Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in Europe. Explain. 2

74 Name

Date

EXTENSION

13

World Heritage Cities

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is an agency of the United Nations . Its purpose is to help promote peace

and security in the world through the promotion of education, science, and culture . UNESCO chooses which cities receive the title of World Heritage Cities .

These cities are places of special significance that need to be preserved for future generations . In Spain, 13 cities have received this title .

Look at the map and the key. Write the names of the World Heritage Cities in Spain. 1

World Heritage Cities in Spain

Ceuta

Melilla San Cristobal

de la Laguna

ANDALUSIA

Cordoba THE REGION OF MURCIA Ibiza THE BALEARIC ISLANDS THE COMMUNITY OF VALENCIA Tarragona CATALONIA ARAGON CASTILE-LA MANCHA Cuenca Toledo THE COMMUNITY OF MADRID Alcala de Henares EXTREMADURA Caceres Merida Avila Salamanca Segovia CASTILE-LEON RIOJA

THE COMMUNITY _{OF NAVARRE}

THE BASQUE COUNTRY CANTABRIA THE PRINCIPALITY OF ASTURIAS GALICIA Santiago de Compostela Key

•

World Heritage Cities in Spain . THE CANARY ISLANDS

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13

Choose a World Heritage City in Spain. Imagine you would like to visit it.

Complete the information. Name of city

Autonomous Community

How would you like to travel there? Tick .

car ship

train aeroplane

Where will you look for information about this city? Tick two options .

Internet television

travel guides encyclopaedias

Where will you stay? Tick one .

hotel camp site apartment

What would you like to visit? Tick two options .

museums monuments

amusement parks zoo

Why did you choose this city?

Is tourism a service? Explain. 2

76 Name

Date

EXTENSION

14

Town halls

All Spanish towns and villages have a town hall .

In document IMPRESO SOLICITUD PARA VERIFICACIÓN DE TÍTULOS OFICIALES 1. DATOS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD, CENTRO Y TÍTULO QUE PRESENTA LA SOLICITUD (página 45-49)