Ivana Hrnjakovic Cvjetkovic1,2, Patic A1, Nikolic N1, Radovanov J1, Kovačevic G1 Jovanovic Galovic A1, Cvjetkovic D*2, Stefan Mikic, S*2 Petric D 3,Petrovic T4, Miloševic V1,2
1Public Health Institute of Vojvodina, Serbia
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
3Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
4Veterinary Institute “ Novi Sad”, Serbia
*Clinical Center Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Clinic for Infectious diseases
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are ARBO viruses, family Flaviviridae.
Objectives was to determine the seroprevalence of WNV and TBEV in human sera in Nisava and South Backa District.
Materials and method: a serologic survey was conducted in June 2012. 80 healthy humans from Nisava district and 101 humans from South Backa district were included to the study.
All the sera were tested for WNV immunoglobulin G(IgG) and for TBEV immunoglobulin G(IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Euroimmun, Germani).
Results: In Nisava distict no TBEV IgG positivity was detected. WNV IgG positivity in Nisava district was 2.5%(2/80). In South Backa district IgG antibodies against TBEV were detected in 7.9%(8/101) and IgG antibodies against WNV were detected against WNV 9.9%(10/101).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the existence of WNV and TBEV in Sauth Backa District. Results for Nisava District suggest circulation of WNV among humans in that part of Serbia, but not of TBEV.
Key Words: Seroprevalence, WNV, TBEV
This paper was realized as the part of the projects TR 31084 and III 43007 (2011-2014), financed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia, and 3511 (2013-2015) by Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development, AP Vojvodina.
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2. PREVALENCA HPV TIPOVA 16, 18, 6 I 11 KOD MLADIH ŽENA JUŽNO BAČKOG REGIONA
2. PREVALENCE OF HPV TYPES 16, 18, 6 AND 11 IN YOUNG WOMEN IN SOUTH BACKA REGION
Gordana Kovacevic1, Ivana Hrnjakovic Cvjetkovic1,2, Aleksandra Jovanovic Galovic1, Natasa Nikolic1, Dusan Vuleta3, Jelena Radovanov1, Aleksandra Patic1,2, Vesna Milosevic1,2
1Public Health Institute Vojvodina, Novi Sad Serbia
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
3Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Objectives
Data on genotype-specific prevalence of HPV types infection in sexually active female population would be useful to predict potential benefits of HPV vaccination as well as post vaccination monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 6 and 11 distribution in young women of South Backa region.
Materials and methods
During the 2012 and 2013 specimens from 200 young women (age range, 16 to 26 years) were tested by the commercial HR HPV Real-TM kit (Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy).
Results
HPV DNA was identified in 129 of 200 samples (64.5%). Five most common HPV types circulating among young sexually active women were HPV 16, 31, 51, 18, and 52. Among HPV-positive samples, 50.2% had HPV16 infection; 12.0% had HPV18 infection and 17.7%
were infected with LR types 6 and 11.
Conclusion
HPV 16 and 18 together accounted for 62.2% of positive cases and additional 17.7% of infections were caused by low risk HPV types 6 and 11. Results clearly suggest that HPV vaccines would have significant impact on the reduction of cervical carcinoma and genital warts burden in our region.
Key words: HPV, young women, vaccine
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3. PRESENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRAL INFECTION IN THE SOUTHERN BACKA DISTRICT POPULATION
Nikolić Nataša1, Hrnjaković Cvjetković I1, 2, Patić A1, 2, Radovanov J1, Kovačević G1, Galović Jovanović A1, Milošević V1, 2
1Public Health Institute of Vojvodina, Centre of Virology, Novi Sad
2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad
Objectives:
WHO has estimated that 350 million people worldwide are infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) every year and over 780 thousand die due to complications, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevalence of HBsAg varies from 8% in Eastern Europe and
Central Asia to 0.5% in Northern Europe. Objective of this study was to estimate the presence of HBV infection in risk groups and in general population of Southern Backa district.
Materials and methods: From January 2013 to July 2014, 18869 serum samples were tested on HBsAg presence, by ELISA (“DS-EIA-HBsAg-0.01”, Italy).
Results: Prevalence of HBV infection was 1.06%. Infections were significantly more present in male gender in total (1.94% vs. 0.57%, p<0.0001) and in all age groups, except for 15-25 group and ≧65. HBsAg was found in 0.3% (18/5878) of pregnant women, where prevalence was the highest at the age from 15-25 (0.7%, 8/1088). Among the clients of the center for confidential volunteering testing, the highest prevalence was found in the category of intranasal drug users (6.25%, 1/16) and in the population of homosexuals/bisexuals (1.33%, 2/150).
Conclusion: Results of this investigation show low prevalence of HBV infection in the population of Southern Backa district.
Keywords: HBV, risk groups, ELISA
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4. ROTA, NORO I ASTROVIRUSI KAO UZROČNICI GASTROENTERITISA 4. ROTA, NORO AND ASTROVIRUSES AS CAUSES OF GASTROENTERITIS
Patić Aleksandra1,2, Hrnjaković Cvjetković I1,2, Ilić S3, Nikolić N1, Kovačević G1, Jovanović Galović A1, Radovanov J1, Milošević V1,2
1Public Health Institute of Vojvodina, Centre of Virology, Novi Sad
2University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine
3Public Health Institute of Vojvodina, Centre for Control and Prevention of Diseases
Objectives: Viral gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. WHO reports put it among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. Rota, noro and astroviruses are the most common causes. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of viral gastroenteritis in Vojvodina.
Materials and Methods: In a two-year period, stool samples of 200 people of all ages from Vojvodina suffering from acute gastroenteritis were examined with Real-time RT-PCR assay (Sacace) for presence of rota, noro and astrovirus nucleic acid.
Results: Of all examined, 50.5% of cases involved children aged 0-5. Among them, 53.46%
had one of the 3 tested viruses.
Most patients had rotavirus gastroenteritis (34.65%). Rotavirus infection was significantly more common in children aged 0-2 (40.32%), with most patients aged 2 (43.75%).
Noroviruses were significantly more common in adults older than 20 (38.23%). Most patients were aged 20-29 (50.0%).
Astrovirus infections were detected in 4 individual cases.
Conclusion: Since a viral etiology of gastroenteritis was demonstrated in 51.5% of the cases, we conclude that this problem is present in Vojvodina. Therefore, molecular diagnostics should be introduced into routine laboratory work.
Key words: Gastroenteritis, rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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5. NAJČEŠĆI UZROČNICI GLJIVIČNIH INFEKCIJA GENITALNOG TRAKTA ŽENA 5. THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF GENITAL FUNGAL INFECTION IN WOMEN
Suzana Otašević1,2, M. Ranđelović2, J. Kostić1,2, A. Ignjatović1,2, S. Momčilović2, D.
Zdravković2
1Public Health Institute Niš
2University of Niš, Medical faculty
Introduction: Candida-vulvovaginitis (CVV) is one of the most prevalent genital infection in women. Classification of CVV include: Candida colonization, sporadic CVV, and chronic CVV. Candida albicans (C. albicans) was dominant cause with prevalence rate higher then 90%. In last years non- albicans species, that are known to be resistant to some antimicotics, and non- Candida species as Saccharomyces cerevesiae frequently cause genital fungal infection.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevesiae caused symptomatic vulvovaginitis is the aim of this study.
Material and methods: Research included a mycological examination of vulvo-vaginal swabs of 1439 female patients. Candida spp. were isolated using the standard mycological procedures and chromatogenic medium (Chromotogenic Candida, Liofichem/Bacteriology products, Italy ). To identify the species of the genus Candida and Saccharomyces cerevesiae the commercial test of assimilation AuxacolorTM (BioRad, France) and biochemical test FungitestTM (BioRad, France) were applied. For statistical analyses of collected, systematized and encrypted data, statistical calculator within the program Epi Info (Ver.6.04) and statistical package SPSS (16.0 for Windows) were used.
Results: It was established that fungal genital infection was proved in 15,1% of patients. The dominant cause of CVV is C. albicans (75,1%) followed by C. glabrata (12,4%) and C.
krusei (6,0%). Other non-albicans Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevesiae were isolated from material of significant lower patients percent (Saccharomyces cerevesiae- 1,8%;
C. tropicalis -1,8% , C. parapsilosis- 0,9%, C. kefyr- 0,9%, C. guilliermondi -0,5%). Fungal genital infection is more prevalent in women who are in reproductive period, however statistical significant difference of C. albicans and C. glabrata infections regarding the age of patients was proved. C. albicans is the species (p=0,001) cause of CVV in prereproductive period and C. glabrata is the most common (p=0,005) in postreproductive period of women.
Conclusion: Significant percent of women with genital mycosis caused by non-albicans species of genus Candida suggest that mycological analysis is necessary regarding the therapy choice, especially in chronic form of infection.
Key words: Candida-vulvovaginitis, Saccharomyces cerevesiae, prevalence
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6. RESULTS 2011-13. FROM SMART IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST SERBIA
Branislava Kocić1,2, S. Mladenović- Antić2, R. Veličković1,3, M. Dinić1,2, J.Petrović3, R.
Mitić3
1University of Niš Faculty of Medicine, Serbia
2Public Health Institute Niš, Serbia
3Clinical Center Niš, Serbia
Introduction: SMART was initiated in 2002 and is an on-going worldwide surveillance study monitoring the in vitro susceptibility of intra-abdominal and urinary tract aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. In September 2012 study had 217 active investigational centers. SMART was initiated in Serbia in 2011, with 2 sites - Clinical Center of Serbia and Clinical Center Nis. SMART is sponsored by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. Study Objectives: To monitor the in vitro susceptibility of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobials in intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections worldwide. Also,to identify early changes in susceptibility patterns of community- or hospital-acquired organisms, including those that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and other resistance mechanisms including carbapenem resistance. Study Methods: Isolates are identified to the species level and tested at each of the study sites using local laboratory methods. Every year study collect up to 100 consecutive aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli from patients with intra-abdominal and 50 urinary tract² infections, including only unique initial isolates, with recording duration of hospitalization (<48 h or ≥48 h) at time of isolate recovery. A centralized database of SMART study findings is maintained by International Health Management Associates.
Antimicrobials included in investigation were: Ampicillin/sulbactam, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Amikacin, Ertapenem, Imipenem/cilastatin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefoxitin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone and Cefepime. Results: The most frequently isolated microorganisms in the period 2011-2013 at the Clinical Center Niš were: Escherichia coli (44%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Proteus mirabilis( 11%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%). The most common ESBL + isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (74%), Proteus mirabilis (49 %) and Escherichia coli (19%), respectively. Increase in number of ESBL + isolates in the examined period was noted in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Susceptibility to all of the test antimicrobials in Escherichia coli amounts to more than 80%, except for the ampicillin-sulbactam (52%), while in the carbapenem was 100%. In the three-year investigation period recorded a decrease susceptibility to all tested drugs except carbapenems. Susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. is the lowest of all tested pathogens (around 30% for all tested drugs except carbapenems). Sensitivity to imipenem was 90% and 61% to ertapenem. Susceptibility of intra-abdominal isolates is about 55% for all the tested drugs except levofloxacin and amikacin (80%), imipenem (100%) and ertapenem ( 80%), while in the urinary isolates susceptibility were approximately 20% for all the tested drugs except amikacin (50%), imipenem (86%) and ertapenem ( 53%). Reduction of sensitivity to all tested drugs is about 20% of the isolates from urine. The sensitivity of intra-abdominal isolates of Proteus mirabilis was about 35% for all tested drugs except piperacillin tazobactam (89%) and ertapenem (100%). Susceptibility to imipenem is 50%. Sensitivity in isolates from urine was approximately 20% of all tested drugs except piperacillin tazobactam (86%), and ertapenem (100%). Susceptibility to imipenem is 29%. The increase in resistance to all tested drugs except piperacillin- tazobactam and ertapenem is about 40%. In
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa greatest sensitivity is noted to ceftazidime and piperacillin- tazobactam (78%). There was an increase in the sensitivity to ceftazidime and amikacin.
Overall, the sensitivity of intra-abdominal isolates was better than the sensitivity of the isolates obtained from urine, for all tested pathogens. Conclusion: Stady gives insight into the local and regional distribution of gram-negative pathogens and track prominent pathogens over time. Also, allows for local/worldwide analysis of susceptibility and identifies differences in community vs. hospital-acquired infections. That data may help identify the best options when facing resistance.
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7. LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES- IZOLATI DOBIJENI IZ KRVI I CEREBROSPINALNE TEČNOSTI BOLESNIKA HOSPITALIZOVANIH U KLINIČKOM CENTRU U NIŠU.
7. LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM THE BLOOD AND
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN THE CLINICAL