Marco DPSIR

Use of CBT effectively in the inpatient unit is only possible if there is leadership from practitioners skilled in the treatment. At a minimum, an experienced clini-cal psychologist, psychiatrist or senior nurse trained in CBT methods needs to be available to oversee the design and delivery of CBT treatments in this complex environment. Their role will involve both face-to-face interactions with patients and consultation and supervision to other ward staff. Staffing for modern inpa-tient units should include such professionals (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,1990; Royal College of Psychiatrists,1999).

It is also a great advantage if other members of the ward team, including trainees who are psychology graduates, have specific CBT training in order to give strength and depth to the skill mix of the team.

9.5 R E F E R E N C E S

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1990). Model for Minimum Staffing Patterns for Hospitals Providing Acute Inpatient Treatment for Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Illnesses. Washington DC: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Asarnow, J. R., Thompson, M. C., Hamilton, E. B., Goldstein, M. J. and Guthrie, D. (1994). Family expressed emotion childhood onset depression and childhood onset schizophrenic spectrum disorders: is expressed emotion a non-specific correlate of psychopathology or a specific risk factor for depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 22, 129–46.

Brent, D. A., Gaynor, S. T. and Weersing, V. R. (2002). Cognitive behavioural approaches to the treatment of depression and anxiety. In M. Rutter and E. Taylor (eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwells, pp. 921–37.

Cotton, N. S. (1993). Lessons from the Lion’s Den: Therapeutic Management of Children in Psychiatric Hospitals and Treatment Centres. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Crick, N. R. and Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information process mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74–101.

Gowers, S. G., Harrington, R. C., Whitton, A. et al. (1999). A brief scale for measuring the outcomes of emotional and behavioural disorders in children: the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for children and adolescents (HoNOSCA). British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 413–16.

Green, J. M. (1994). Child in-patient treatment and family relationships. Psychiatric Bulletin, 18, 744–7.

(2002). Provision of intensive treatment: inpatient units, day units and intensive outreach. In M. Rutter and E. Taylor (eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, 4th edn.

Oxford: Blackwells, pp. 1038–50.

Green, J. M. and Burke, M. (1998). The ward as a therapeutic agent. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry. Modern Practice Research and the Future. London: Routledge, pp. 93–110.

Green, J. M. and Jacobs, B. W. (1998a). Current practice: a questionnaire survey of inpatient child psychiatry in the United Kingdom. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry. Modern Practice Research and the Future. London: Routledge, pp. 9–22.

(1998b). Team dynamics in different phases of admission. In Inpatient Child Psychiatry. Modern Practice Research and the Future (eds J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs). pp. 170–82. Routledge.

London.

Green, J. M., Kroll, L., Imre, D. et al. (2001). Health gain and predictors of outcome in inpatient and daypatient child psychiatry treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 325–32.

Harrington, R. C. Whittaker, J. Shoebridge, P. and Campbell, F. (1998). Systematic review of cognitive behaviour therapies in child and adolescent depressive disorder. British Medical Journal, 316, 1559–63.

Hill, J. (2002). Disorders of personality. In M. Rutter and E. Taylor (eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwells, pp. 723–36.

Hollis, C. (2002). Schizophrenia and allied disorders. In M. Rutter and E. Taylor (eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwells, pp. 612–35.

Jacobs, B. W. (1998a). Behavioural and cognitive therapies. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry: Modern Practice Research and the Future. London: Routledge, pp. 110–24.

(1998b). Externalising disorders: conduct disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry: Modern Practice Research and the Future. London:

Routledge, pp. 220–32.

Kroll, L. Woodham, A. Rothwell, J. et al. (1999). Reliability of the Salford Needs Assessment Schedule for Adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 29, 891–902.

Kurtz, Z. (1994). Treating Children Well. London: Mental Health Foundation.

Leibenluft, E., Tasman, A. and Green, S. A. (1993) (eds.). Less Time to Do More: Psychotherapy on the Short-Term Inpatient Unit. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Luthar, S. S. Woolston. J. L. Sparrow. S. S. and Zimmerman. L. D. (1995). Adaptive behaviours among psychiatrically hospitalised children: the role of intelligence and related attributes.

Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24, 98–108.

Magagna, J. (1998). Psychodynamic psychotherapy. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry: Modern Practice Research and the Future. London: Routledge, pp. 124–43.

National Health Service Health Advisory Service (1995). Thematic Review – Together We Stand. The Commissioning Role and Management of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. London:

HMSO.

O’Herlihy, A., Worrall, A., Banerjee, S. et al. (2001). National In-Patient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Study. (Report submitted to the Department of Health, May 2001.) London: Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Research Unit.

Paterson, R. Bauer, P. McDonald, C. A. and McDermott, B. (1997). A profile of children and ado-lescents in a psychiatric unit: multidomain impairment and research implications. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 682–90.

Royal College of Psychiatrists (1999). Guidance for the Staffing of Child and Adolescent Inpatient Units.

Council Report 62. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Shaffer, D. Gould, M. S. Brasic, J. et al. (1983). A children’s global assessment scale (CGAS). Archives of General Psychiatry, 40: 1228–31.

Shaw, M. (1998). Goal setting. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry.

Modern Practice Research and the Future. London: Routledge, pp. 51–6.

Sourander, A. and Turunen, M. M. (1999). Psychiatric hospital care among children and adolescents in Finland: a nationwide register study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, 105–

10.

Steinhausen (2002). Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. In M. Rutter and E. Taylor (eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4th edn. Oxford: Blackwells, pp. 555–70.

Tarrier, N. Beckett, R. Harwood, S. Baker, A. Yusupoff L. and Ugartebur I. (1993). A trial of two cognitive behaviour matters of treating drug resistant residual symptoms of schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 524–32.

Towbin, K. E., Dykens, E. M., Pearson, G. S. and Cohen, D. J. (1993). Conceptualising ‘borderline syndrome of childhood’ and ‘childhood schizophrenia’ as a developmental disorder. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 775–82.

Webster-Stratton, C. and Hammond, M. (1997). Treating children with early onset conduct prob-lems: a comparison of child and parent training interventions. Journal of Counselling and Clinical Psychology, 65, 93–109.

Wever, C. (1998) Obsessive compulsive disorder. In J. M. Green and B. W. Jacobs (eds.), Inpatient Child Psychiatry. Modern Practice Research and the Future. London: Routledge, pp. 247–58.

Part IV

Applications in psychosocial