AMNESTIC DISORDERS
Amnestic disorder is a b
Amnestic disorder is a broad category that includes road category that includes a vari-a vari-
ety of conditions which present with amnestic syndrome.
ety of conditions which present with amnestic syndrome.
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
Organic Mental Disorders Organic Mental Disorders
1. Which
1. Which of of the the following following behavioral behavioral problemsproblems
would suggest
would suggest an organic bran organic brain lesion?ain lesion?
(SGPGI 2005, DNB 2006)
(SGPGI 2005, DNB 2006)
A.
A. Formal thoughFormal thought disordert disorder
B.
B. Auditory Auditory hallucinationshallucinations
C.
C. Visual Visual hallucinationshallucinations
D. Depression
D. Depression
2.
2. Organic Organic mental mental disease disease is is indicated indicated by:by:
(AIIMS 1991, DNB 1993)
(AIIMS 1991, DNB 1993)
A.
A. IncoherenceIncoherence
B. Delusion
B. Delusion
C.
C. Flight Flight of of ideaidea
D.
D. Perseveration of Perseveration of speechspeech
3.
3. Mini Mini mental mental status status examination examination is:is:
(DNB 2004, JIPMER 2002)
(DNB 2004, JIPMER 2002)
A.
A. MetMethod hod to to invinvestestigaigate te comcommon mon psypsychichiatratricic
problem
problem
B.
B. 30 point pr30 point program to evogram to evaluate coaluate cognitive functionsgnitive functions
C.
C. o evaluate o evaluate schizophreniaschizophrenia
D.
D. Instrument to Instrument to measure deliriummeasure delirium
4.
4. Cognitive Cognitive disorders disorders are:are: (PGI June 2006, 2007)(PGI June 2006, 2007)
A.
A. Intellectualization Intellectualization B. B. DepersonalizationDepersonalization
C.
C. Dementia Dementia D. D. DeliriumDelirium
E.
E. HallucinatiHallucination on FF. . SecondSecondary ary gaingain
Amnestic
Amnestic syndrome syndrome is is characterized characterized by by inability inability to to formform
new memories (anterograde amnesia) and the inability
new memories (anterograde amnesia) and the inability
to recall previously remembered knowledge (retrograde
to recall previously remembered knowledge (retrograde
amnesia). Short-term and recent memory are usually
amnesia). Short-term and recent memory are usually
impaired with preservation of remote and immediate
impaired with preservation of remote and immediate
memory. Te
memory. Temajor causesmajor causesQQ of amnestic disorders are: of amnestic disorders are:
A. Tiamine
A. Tiamine deficiency deficiency (Korsakoff syndrome)(Korsakoff syndrome)
B. Hypoglycemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Primary brain conditions (head trauma, seizures, cere-
C. Primary brain conditions (head trauma, seizures, cere-
bral tumors, cerebrovascular disease, hypoxia, elec-
bral tumors, cerebrovascular disease, hypoxia, elec-
troconvulsive therapy, multiple sclerosis)
troconvulsive therapy, multiple sclerosis)
D.
D. Substance Substance related related disorders disorders (alcohol, (alcohol, benzodiaz-benzodiaz-
epines).
epines).
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
5. Disorientation
5. Disorientation occurs occurs in:in: (AI 1993)(AI 1993)
A.
A. SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
B.
B. Organic Organic brain brain syndromesyndrome
C. Depression
C. Depression
D. Mania
D. Mania
6.
6. Which Which of of the the following following suggest suggest a a psychotic psychotic ratherrather
than an organic dis
than an organic disorder?order? (DNB June 2009)(DNB June 2009)
A.
A. ConfusionConfusion
B.
B. Complex Complex delusionsdelusions
C.
C. Impairment Impairment of consciouof consciousnesssness
D.
D. Lack of Lack of insightinsight
7.
7. Feature(s) Feature(s) suggestive suggestive of of schischizophrzophrenia enia rather rather thanthan
organic psychosis is/are:
organic psychosis is/are: (PGI June 2009)(PGI June 2009)
A.
A. Tird person hallucinatTird person hallucinationion
B.
B. Split Split personality personality
C.
C. Visual Visual hallucinationhallucination
D. Altered sensorium
D. Altered sensorium
E.
E. SystematizSystematized ed delusiondelusion
8.
8. In In India India psychiatric psychiatric disorder disorder in in people people above above 60-60-
year of age is
year of age is mostly due to:mostly due to:
(DNB 2003, Calcutta 2K)
(DNB 2003, Calcutta 2K)
A.
A. Depression Depression B. B. DementiaDementia
C.
C. Hysteria Hysteria D. D. SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Delirium Delirium
9.
9. Most Most important important feature feature of of delirium delirium is:is:
(DNB NEET 2014-15)
A.
A. Impaired attentionImpaired attention
B. Anxiety
B. Anxiety
C. Hyperactivity
C. Hyperactivity
D.
D. Clouding of Clouding of consciousnessconsciousness
10.
10. Delirium Delirium is is defined defined as:as: (DNB NEET 2014-15)(DNB NEET 2014-15)
A.
A. Acute onset of disturbed conscAcute onset of disturbed consciousnessiousness
B.
B. Chronic onsChronic onset of diset of disturbed conscturbed consciousnessiousness
C.
C. Progressive generalProgressive generalized impairment of ized impairment of intellec-intellec-
tual functions and memory without impairment
tual functions and memory without impairment
of
of consciousnessconsciousness..
D. Disorientation without clouding of conscious-
D. Disorientation without clouding of conscious-
ness
ness
11.
11. Features Features of of delirium:delirium: (PGI Nov 2010, June 2008)(PGI Nov 2010, June 2008)
A.
A. Deficit of attention (attention deficit)Deficit of attention (attention deficit)
B.
B. Autonomic Autonomic instability instability (dysfunc(dysfunction)tion)
C.
C. Altered sleep Altered sleep wake pawake patternttern
D.
D. Visual halluVisual hallucination and clouding of conscioucination and clouding of conscious-s-
ness
ness
E.
E. Delirium caDelirium cannot be nnot be diagnosed clinicdiagnosed clinically ally
12.
12. Delirium Delirium and and schizophrenia schizophrenia differ differ from from each each otherother
by:
by: (DNB 2003, WB 2001, KA 2004)(DNB 2003, WB 2001, KA 2004)
A.
A. Change in moodChange in mood
B.
B. Clouding Clouding of of consciousnessconsciousness
C.
C. angential angential thinkingthinking
D.
D. All of the All of the aboveabove
13.
13. Slow Slow waves waves in in EEG EEG activity activity are are seen seen in:in:(PGI 1998)(PGI 1998)
A.
A. Depression Depression B. B. DeliriumDelirium
C.
C. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia D. D. ManiaMania
14.
14. A A patient patient with with pneumonia for pneumonia for 5 5 days days is is admittedadmitted
to the hospital in altered s
to the hospital in altered sensorium. He suddenlyensorium. He suddenly
ceases to recogniz
ceases to recognize the doctor and staff. He thinkse the doctor and staff. He thinks
that he is in jail and complains of scorpion attack-
that he is in jail and complains of scorpion attack-
ing him. His probable diagnosis is:
ing him. His probable diagnosis is: (AI 2001)(AI 2001)
A.
A. Acute dementia Acute dementia B. B. Acute deliriumAcute delirium
C.
C. Acute Acute schizopschizophrenia hrenia D. D. Acute Acute paranoiparanoiaa
15.
15. A A 60-year 60-year man man had had undergone undergone cardiac cardiac bypassbypass
surgery 2 days back. Now he started forgetting
surgery 2 days back. Now he started forgetting
things and was not able to recall names and phone
things and was not able to recall names and phone
numbers of his relatives. What is the probable
numbers of his relatives. What is the probable
diagnosis?
diagnosis? (AI 2010)(AI 2010)
A.
A. DepressionDepression
B.
B. Post-traumatic Post-traumatic psychosispsychosis
C.
C. Cognitive Cognitive dysfunctiondysfunction
D. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Alzheimer’s disease
Amnestic Syndrome Amnestic Syndrome
16.
16. Anterograde Anterograde amnesia amnesia is is seen seen in:in:(AIIMS Nov 2010)(AIIMS Nov 2010)
A.
A. Head injury Head injury
B. Stroke
B. Stroke
C.
C. Spinal cord Spinal cord injury (trauminjury (traumatic paraplegia)atic paraplegia)
D. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Alzheimer’s disease
17.
17. Cause Cause of of organic organic amnestic amnestic syndrome syndrome include(s):include(s):
(PGI May 2013)
(PGI May 2013)
A.
A. Multiple sclerMultiple sclerosis osis B. B. HypoglycemiaHypoglycemia
C.
C. Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia D. D. HypoxiaHypoxia
E. Hypercapnia
E. Hypercapnia
18.
18. Not Not diagnostic/definidiagnostic/defining ng criteria criteria for for amnestic amnestic dis-dis-
order:
order: (PGI Nov 2009)(PGI Nov 2009)
A.
A. Visual hallucVisual hallucinationination
B.
B. ransient ransient delusiondelusion
C.
C. Impaired Impaired concentration/attentionconcentration/attention
D.
D. Good recall of Good recall of recent eventsrecent events
E.
E. Ability tAbility to form o form new mnew memoriesemories
19.
19. All All are are truetrueexcept except :: (PGI Feb 2008)(PGI Feb 2008)
A.
A. Procedural learning is from pasProcedural learning is from past experiencest experiences
B.
B. Implicit leaImplicit learning is procrning is procedural skiledural skill acquireml acquirementent
C.
C. Amnestic syndrAmnestic syndromes lose omes lose semantic msemantic memory emory
D.
D. Implicit memImplicit memory is declarativeory is declarative
E.
E. Anterograde Anterograde amnesia aamnesia affects lonffects long-term memg-term memoryory
more in amnestic
more in amnestic syndromesyndrome
Dementia Dementia
20.
20. Delirium Delirium and and dementia dementia can can be be differentiated differentiated by?by?
(DNB June 2010)
(DNB June 2010)
A.
A. Loss of memory Loss of memory B. B. ApraxiaApraxia
C.
C. Delusion Delusion D. D. Altered Altered sensoriumsensorium
21.
21. Most Most common common cause cause of of dementia dementia is:is:
(DNB NEET 2014-15)
(DNB NEET 2014-15)
A.
A. Alzheimer’s diseaAlzheimer’s disease se B. B. VasVascular dementiacular dementia
C.
C. Wilson’s Wilson’s disease disease D. D. Pick’s Pick’s diseasedisease
22.
22. rue rue about about dementia dementia is is allallexcept except :: (AI 1994)(AI 1994)
A.
A. Often irreversibleOften irreversible
B.
B. Hallucinations Hallucinations are not are not commoncommon
C.
C. Clouding of cClouding of consciousness onsciousness is commonis common
D.
D. Nootropics hNootropics have limited roleave limited role
23.
23. Catastrophic Catastrophic reaction reaction is is a a feature feature of:of: (MH 2011)(MH 2011)
A.
A. Dementia Dementia B. B. DeliriumDelirium
C.
24.
24. All All are are causes causes of of subcortical subcortical dementiadementiaexcept except ::
(AIIMS May 2009)
(AIIMS May 2009)
A.
A. Alzheimer’s disAlzheimer’s diseaseease
B.
B. Parkinson’s Parkinson’s diseasedisease
C.
C. Supranuclear Supranuclear palsypalsy
D.
D. HIV assHIV associated dementiaociated dementia
25.
25. Dementia Dementia is/are is/are present present in in allallexcept except ::
A.
A. Alzheimer’s disAlzheimer’s disease ease B. B. Pick’Pick’s diseases disease
C.
C. Lewy Lewy body body D. D. BinswBinswanger’anger’s s diseasdiseasee
E.
E. Gansers Gansers syndromesyndrome
26.
26. Reversible Reversible causes causes of of dementia:dementia: (PGI June 2004)(PGI June 2004)
A.
A. HypothyroidismHypothyroidism
B.
B. Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s diseasedisease
C.
C. Vitamin Vitamin B12 B12 deficiencydeficiency
D.
D. Vitamin Vitamin A deficiencyA deficiency
27.
27. reatable reatable causes ocauses of demf dementia entia are:are: (PGI 2001)(PGI 2001)
A.
A. Alzheimer’s disAlzheimer’s diseaseease
B. Hypothyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C.
C. Multi-infarct Multi-infarct dementiadementia
D.
D. subdural hematoma subdural hematoma (SDH)(SDH)
E. Hydrocephalus
E. Hydrocephalus
28.
28. VVascular ascular dementia dementia is is characterizcharacterized ed by:by:(PGI 2003)(PGI 2003)
A.
A. Disorientation Disorientation B. B. Memory deficitMemory deficit
C.
C. Emotional Emotional labilitlability y D. D. Visual Visual hallucinationhallucination
E.
E. Personality Personality deteriorationdeterioration
29.
29. A 65-yearA 65-year-old male is br-old male is brought to the ought to the outpatientoutpatient
clinic with one year illness characterized by
clinic with one year illness characterized by
marked forgetfulness, visual
marked forgetfulness, visual hallucinations, sus-hallucinations, sus-
piciousness, personality decline, poor self care
piciousness, personality decline, poor self care
and progressive deterioration in his condition.
and progressive deterioration in his condition. HisHis
Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score is
Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score is
21. His most likely diagnosis is:
21. His most likely diagnosis is: (AIIMS Nov 2002)(AIIMS Nov 2002)
A.
A. Dementia Dementia B. B. SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
C.
C. Mania Mania D. D. DepressionDepression
30.
30. Which Which of of the the following following neurotransmitters neurotransmitters areare
decreased in Alzheimer’s disease?
decreased in Alzheimer’s disease?
(DNB NEET 2014-15)
(DNB NEET 2014-15)
A.
A. Acetylcholine Acetylcholine B. B. NorepinephrineNorepinephrine
C.
C. Corticotropin Corticotropin D. D. All All of of the the aboveabove
31.
31. Protein Protein involved involved in in Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease:disease:
(NIMHANS 2001, DNB 2002)
(NIMHANS 2001, DNB 2002)
A.
A. APOE4 gene APOE4 gene B. B. Presenilin-1Presenilin-1
C.
C. Amyloid Amyloid protein protein D. D. All All of of the the aboveabove
32.
32. Following Following are are predispositions predispositions to to Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s dis-dis-
ease
easeexcept except :: (DNB 1996, AI 1999)(DNB 1996, AI 1999)
A.
A. Down’s Down’s syndromesyndrome
B.
B. Head Head traumatrauma
C. Smoking
C. Smoking
D.
D. Low educaLow education grouption group
33.
33. Dementia Dementia of of Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s type type is is not not associatedassociated
with one of t
with one of the following:he following: (AIIMS Nov 2005)(AIIMS Nov 2005)
A.
A. Depressive symptomDepressive symptomss
B. Delusions
B. Delusions
C.
C. Apraxia Apraxia and aand aphasiaphasia
D. Cerebral infarcts
D. Cerebral infarcts
34.
34. All All the the following following are are features features of of Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s dis-dis-
ease
easeexcept except :: (DNB 1994, WB 2002)(DNB 1994, WB 2002)
A.
A. Cerebellar atrophCerebellar atrophyy
B.
B. Common in Common in 5th and 5th and 6th decade6th decade
C.
C. Atrophied Atrophied gyri widened gyri widened sulcisulci
D. Progressive dementia
D. Progressive dementia
35.
35. In In Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease disease (AD) (AD) which which of of the the followingfollowing
is not seen:
is not seen: (AIIMS Nov 2011)(AIIMS Nov 2011)
A.
A. Aphasia Aphasia B. B. AcalculiaAcalculia
C.
C. Agnosia Agnosia D. D. ApraxiaApraxia
36.
36. False False regarding regarding Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease disease (AD) (AD) is:is:
A.
A. Number Number of of sensenile ile neuneural ral plaqplaques ues corcorrelarelatestes
(increases) with age
(increases) with age
B.
B. Presence of Presence of tau protein tau protein suggest neusuggest neurodegenera-rodegenera-
tion
tion
C.
C. Number Number of neurofibrillary tangles is of neurofibrillary tangles is associatedassociated
with the severity of dementia
with the severity of dementia
D. Extracellular inclusions (lesions) can occur in
D. Extracellular inclusions (lesions) can occur in
the absence of intracellular inclusions to make
the absence of intracellular inclusions to make
pathological diagnosis of AD
pathological diagnosis of AD
37.
37. Area Area of of brain brain resistant resistant to to neurofibrillary neurofibrillary tanglestangles
in Alzheimer’s disease:
in Alzheimer’s disease: (AI 2012)(AI 2012)
A.
A. Visual associatVisual association areaion area
B.
B. Entorhinal Entorhinal cortex cortex
C.
C. Lateral Lateral geniculate geniculate body body
D.
D. Cuneal gyrus Cuneal gyrus area VI/temporal area VI/temporal lobelobe
38.
38. Regarding Regarding Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease disease which which is/are is/are notnot
true:
true: (PGI Dec 2008, (PGI Dec 2008, June 2009) (AIIMS Nov 2011)June 2009) (AIIMS Nov 2011)
A.
A. Initial loss of long-term memory Initial loss of long-term memory
B.
B. Delayed loss Delayed loss of short-term of short-term memory memory
C.
C. Step Step ladder paladder patternttern
D. Cognitive impairment
D. Cognitive impairment
E.
E. Judgment Judgment impairedimpaired
39.
39. All All are are true true regarding regarding Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s diseasediseaseexcept except ::
A.
B.
B. Abrupt onset Abrupt onset and acute and acute exacerbationsexacerbations
C.
C. Episodic mEpisodic memory can emory can be affectedbe affected
D. Frontotemporal disorder
D. Frontotemporal disorder
E.
E. Ubiquitin Ubiquitin Lewy Lewy bodiesbodies
40.
40. FrontotemFrontotemporal poral dementias dementias include include allallexcept except ::
(DNB 2003, UP 2007)
(DNB 2003, UP 2007)
A.
A. Pick’Pick’s diseases disease
B.
B. Nonfluent Nonfluent aphasiaaphasia
C.
C. Semantic Semantic dementiadementia
D. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Alzheimer’s disease
41.
41. A A 70-year70-year-old -old man man presents presents with with h/o h/o prosopag-prosopag-
nosia, loss of memory,
nosia, loss of memory, 3rd person hallucinations3rd person hallucinations
since 1 month. On examination deep tendon
since 1 month. On examination deep tendon
reflexes are increased,
reflexes are increased, mini-mental examinationmini-mental examination
score is 20/30. What is most likely diagnosis?
score is 20/30. What is most likely diagnosis?
(AIIMS 2001)
(AIIMS 2001)
A.
A. Dissociated dementiaDissociated dementia
B. Schizophrenia
B. Schizophrenia
C.
C. Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s diseasedisease
D. Psychotic disorder
D. Psychotic disorder
42.
42. Not Not a a feature feature of of Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease:disease:
(PGI May 2013)
(PGI May 2013)
A.
A. Hirano bodiesHirano bodies
B.
B. Amyloid Amyloid angiopathy angiopathy
C.
C. GranulovacuGranulovacuolar degeneration olar degeneration of neuronsof neurons
D. Senile plaque
D. Senile plaque
E.
E. Cerebellar Cerebellar atrophy atrophy
43.
43. Rivastigmine Rivastigmine and and Donepezil Donepezil are are drugs drugs used used pre-pre-
dominantly in the management of:
dominantly in the management of: (AI 2006)(AI 2006)
A.
A. Depression Depression B. B. DissociationDissociation
C.
C. Delusion Delusion D. D. DementiaDementia
44.
44. rue rue regarding regarding FD FD are are allallexcept except ::
(AIIMS 2011, NEET 2013)
(AIIMS 2011, NEET 2013)
A.
A. Semantic dementiaSemantic dementia
B.
B. Nonfluent Nonfluent aphasiaaphasia
C.
C. Apathetic, Apathetic, disinhibited personadisinhibited personality lity
D.
D. Rapid onset Rapid onset static coursstatic coursee
45.
45. All All are are true true regarding regarding frontotemporfrontotemporal al dementia:dementia:
(AlIMS Nov 2012)
(AlIMS Nov 2012)
A.
A. Stereotypic behavStereotypic behavior ior B. B. Insight presentInsight present
C.
C. Age Age less less than than 65 65 years years D. D. Affective Affective symptomssymptoms
46.
46. Te Te following following are are the the psychiatric psychiatric sequelae sequelae afterafter
stroke inelderly:
stroke inelderly: (PGI 2003)(PGI 2003)
A.
A. DepressionDepression
B.
B. Post-traPost-traumatic umatic stress stress disorderdisorder
C. Dementia
C. Dementia
D. Anxiety
D. Anxiety
47.
47. Te Te psychiatric psychiatric disorder disorder most most commonly commonly associ-associ-
ated with myxedema:
ated with myxedema:
A.
A. Depression Depression B. B. ManiaMania
C.
C. Phobia Phobia D. D. PsychosisPsychosis
48.
48. Myxedema Myxedema madness madness includes:includes:(DNB NEET 2014-15)(DNB NEET 2014-15)
A.
A. Auditory hallucinations and paAuditory hallucinations and paranoiaranoia
B.
B. Visual Visual hallucinations hallucinations and depresand depressionsion
C.
C. Auditory halluAuditory hallucinations and cinations and depressiondepression
D.
D. Paranoia aParanoia and depressionnd depression
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
1.
1. C. C. If If a a patient patient presents presents with with prominent prominent visual visual hal-hal-
lucinations, organic mental disorders (organic
lucinations, organic mental disorders (organic
brain lesions) should always be
brain lesions) should always be looked for.looked for.
2.
2. D. D. Perseveration Perseveration of of speech speech is is suggestive suggestive of of organicorganic
mental disorders. Few books are giving the
mental disorders. Few books are giving the
answer as delusion which is completely wrong.
answer as delusion which is completely wrong.
3.
3. B. B. Mini Mini mental mental status status examination examination is is used used to to evalu-evalu-
ate cognitive functions in illnesses like
ate cognitive functions in illnesses like dementiadementia
and delirium.
and delirium.
4.
4. C, C, D.D.
As
As organic organic mental mental disorders disorders commonly commonly havehave
disturbances of cognition, they are also known
disturbances of cognition, they are also known
as cognitive disorders.
as cognitive disorders.
5.
5. B. B. Presence Presence of of disturbances disturbances of of consciousness consciousness andand
disorientation is suggestive of organic mental
disorientation is suggestive of organic mental
disorders.
disorders.
6.
6. B. B. Te Te complex complex delusions delusions are are frequently frequently seen seen inin
psychotic disorder. In organic mental disor-
psychotic disorder. In organic mental disor-
ders, the delusions are usually transient and
ders, the delusions are usually transient and
fragmented. Presence of complex delusions in
fragmented. Presence of complex delusions in
organic mental disorder is very rare.
organic mental disorder is very rare. Te Te lack oflack of
insight is a feature of both whereas confusion and
insight is a feature of both whereas confusion and
impairment of consciousness is seen in organic
impairment of consciousness is seen in organic
mental disorders.
mental disorders.
7.
7. A, A, E.E.
Tird
Tird person person hallucinations hallucinations are are quite quite suggestivesuggestive
of schizophrenia. Also systematized delusions
of schizophrenia. Also systematized delusions
(elaborate delusions) are much more likely in
(elaborate delusions) are much more likely in
schizophrenia. Please remember that schizo-
schizophrenia. Please remember that schizo-
phrenia is not a disorder of personalty and hence
phrenia is not a disorder of personalty and hence
there is no “split personality” in schizophrenia.
there is no “split personality” in schizophrenia.
Visual
Visual halluhallucinatcinations ions and and altealtered red sensosensoriumrium
are more suggestive of organic mental disorders
although visual hallucinations can also be seen
although visual hallucinations can also be seen
in schizophrenia.
in schizophrenia.
8.
8. B. B. In In older older age age (>60 (>60 years) years) dementia dementia is is the the mostmost
common psychiatric disorder followed by
common psychiatric disorder followed by
depression.
depression.
9.
9. D. D. Please Please remember remember that that the the hallmark hallmark symptom symptom ofof
delirium is clouding of consciousness, which is
delirium is clouding of consciousness, which is
associated with impairment of global cognitive
associated with impairment of global cognitive
functions, most importantly attention.
functions, most importantly attention.
10. A.
10. A.
11.
11. A, A, B, B, C, C, D.D.
12.
12. B. B. Delirium Delirium presents presents with with clouding clouding of of conscious-conscious-
ness whereas in schizophrenia consciousness is
ness whereas in schizophrenia consciousness is
intact. Te mood changes and tangential think-
intact. Te mood changes and tangential think-
ing cannot be used for differentiation.
ing cannot be used for differentiation.
13. B.
13. B.
14.
14. B. B. History History of of a a medical medical disorder disorder (pneumonia (pneumonia ) ) fol-fol-
lowed by disturbances in consciousness (altered
lowed by disturbances in consciousness (altered
sensorium), disorientation (failure to recognize
sensorium), disorientation (failure to recognize
doctor and staff and thinking that he i
doctor and staff and thinking that he is in jail) ands in jail) and
hallucinations (scorpions attacking) is suggestive
hallucinations (scorpions attacking) is suggestive
of delirium.
of delirium.
15.
15. C. C. Te Te history history of of cardiac cardiac surgery surgery 2 2 days days prior prior fol-fol-
lowed by behavioral changes is suggestive of
lowed by behavioral changes is suggestive of
delirium. he question here is stressing on
delirium. he question here is stressing on
“disturbances of memory” which can be seen
“disturbances of memory” which can be seen
in delirium, however are usually restricted to
in delirium, however are usually restricted to
short- term memory loss. Te other important
short- term memory loss. Te other important
features such as clouding of consciousness and
features such as clouding of consciousness and
attention impairment has not been provided.
attention impairment has not been provided.