Margen Bruto De Contribución Transportista

Vivek Sharma & R.Guleria

Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla Himachal Pradesh-171207

ABSTRACT: Concept of nano size was first revealed by Nobel laureate Richard Feynman and the term nanotechnology was coined by Norio Taniguchi. It deals with materials having size range from 1-100 nm and this nanoscale imparts numerous distinctive characters to these nanoparticles. Human beings suffer from a myriad of disorders caused by biochemical or biophysical alteration leading to organ failure. For a number of these conditions, stem cells and their enormous reparative potential may be the last hope for restoring function to these failing organ or tissue systems. Stem cells have the capacity to renew themselves and differentiate into multiple cell types. In mammals, stem cells are broadly classified as embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and adult stem cells are found in various body tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue etc. The interaction between nanomaterials and effective amalgamation of nanotechnology and stem cells in medical nanoscience or nanomedicine offers immense benefits to the human race. Magnetic nanoparticles are successfully used to isolate stem cells, quantum dots are used for molecular imaging and tracing of stem cells, nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, fluorescent CNTs, have been used to deliver gene or drugs into stem cells and unique nanostructures control regulation of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, and all these advances speed up the development of stem cells toward the

application in regenerative medicine. However, like any emerging field, stem cell nanotechnology also faces many challenges as the mechanism of interaction between nanomaterials and stem cells is still not clarified.

HIPER/P/04

Anticancer Research and Nanotechnological Advancements Shilpa Kumari,* Priya Kaundal, Samriti Saklani, Bharti Azad,

Pankaj Sharma & Vivek Sharma

Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207

ABSTRACT: Cancer is a highly complex, multifactorial disease that complicates multiple cellular physiological systems. In cancer, the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and disappearance of apoptosis leads to clinical diversity and therapeutic resistance. Despite major advances in cancer biology, it remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide that necessitate development of new and innovative technologies to delineate tumor margins, identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, Cancer treatment includes surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation and hormone therapy and these options have limitations that include systemic toxicities, poor bioavailability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Nanotechnology a revolutionary field amalgmates chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine and has various useful applications in cancer biology, including detection of tumors, discovery of cancer biomarkers and development of novel treatments. Various nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, carbon nanotubes, nanocapsules, nanospheres, entrap therapeutic agents through covalent bonding and adsorption. These nanocarriers deliver cytotoxic agents selectively and specifically to tumor cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, thereby enhancing intracellular drug accumulation. They can specifically target cancer cells while avoiding their healthy neighbors, avoid rapid clearance from the body and be administered without toxic solvents. They have several advantages over conventional therapies, such as longer shelf life, improvement in biodistribution of cancer drugs and administration of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Different significant events in cancer mechanisms like angiogenesis, uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor mass are the targets for nanoparticles. Longer circulation times and easier endocytosis are the significant factors that need to be considered while choosing target moieties for effective delivery of nanoparticles. Further in diagnostics too, existing optical imaging technologies can be incorporated with sophisticated nanoparticles for high-resolution in vivo cancer imaging.

HIPER/P/05

Chitosan Based Targeted Nanocarriers: A Valuable Technological Advancement

Sudhanshu Shekhar,* Rishav Singh, Rajat Sharma, Harish Verma, Athar Javed and Vivek Sharma

ABSTRACT: The latest advances of nanotechnology has revolutionized the biological, chemical, pharmaceutical and health sciences leading to noteworthy improvements in life expectancies. Nanoparticles have advantages like small particle size, greater drug efficacy, lower toxicity, enhanced drug solubility, stability and also targeted accumulation through enhanced permeability and retention effect. Most of the advanced nanoparticulate drug carriers have been developed by utilizing either synthetic or natural polymers or by their combination. Among the various natural polymers available, chitosan (CS) is perhaps one of the most widely used biopolymer for the preparation of nanoparticles. CS is a biodegradable polymer, made up of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine, available in different molecular weights, viscosity and degree of deacetylation. CS has been extensively used for delivery of small molecules, peptides, vaccines and genes via mucosal, nasal, colon, topical, oral or parenteral route. However, its chemical versatility to form derivatives (cross-links), mucoadhesive property, permeation- enhancing capability, low toxicity and ability to control the release of therapeutic agents make it an ideal candidate for fabricating oral nanoparticulate. Beside an ideal polymer for nanoparticles, CS and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention as biomedical materials, owing to their unique biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, hypo-cholesterolemic, anti ulcer, anti-bacterial, anti-HIV, anti-hypertensive, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-cancer activity and promisingly has shown antitubercular activity reported in 2018. Thus Chitosan offers a unique dual property of having versatile therapeutic potential and an ideal candidature as a polymer owing to availability for cross-linking stability and ease of surface modification.

HIPER/P/06

Herbal Nanotechnology: Current Scenario, Future Prospects and Challenges Prerna Sarup

MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala

ABSTRACT: Amalgamation of the herbal extracts into novel formulation systems have definite advantages such as bulk dosing and lower absorption can be overcome which is the major problem being encountered. This target can be achieved by designing novel drug delivery systems (NDDSs) for herbal

pharmaceuticals. Nanotechnology is a field of applied science and technology that aims to develop

devices and dosage forms with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers. The applications

of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis and control of biological systems have been referred to as nanomedicine. In phyto-formulation research, developing nano dosage forms such as nanospheres, nanocapsules, nanoemulsion and liposomes has large number of advantages for herbal drugs, including enhancement of solubility and bioavailability, protection from toxicity and enhancement of pharmacological activity and stability. Thus, the nano drug delivery systems of herbal drugs have a prospective for enhancing the activity and overcoming problems associated with herbal medicines. Hence, it is anticipated that the effective and valuable relevance of the natural products/herbals being applied with the nanocarrier will improve the importance of existing drug delivery systems.

HIPER/P/07

Future prospective applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery system. Dev Raj*, Rinu Rana, Ankaj Kaundal, Vinay Pandit

Laureate Institute of Pharmacy Kathog, Kangra (H.P)

Abstract: Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of materials, devices, and systems at the nanometre scale. The prefix nano is derived from the Greek word dwarf. One nanometer (nm) is equal to one billionth of a meter, that is, 10−9 m. This size range holds so much interest as in this range materials can have different and enhanced properties compared with the same material at a larger size. Using nanotechnology, the drug can be targeted to a precise location which would make the drug much more effective and reduce the chances of possible side-effects. Nanotechnology is expected to have a revolutionary impact on medicine. Nanoparticles can play a major role in medicine and especially in diagnosis and therapy of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases. nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems including, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, micelles, quantum dots, fullerenes, nanofibers, metal-based nanoparticles, and nanoliposomes. Nanotechnology has opened a window for the development of diverse organic and inorganic drug carriers, known as nanoparticles. Source materials include phospholipids, lactic acid, chitosan, dextran, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cholesterol, carbon, silica, and some metals. The development and optimization of drug delivery approaches based in nanoparticles concerns the early detection of cancer cells and/or specific tumor biomarkers, and the enhancement of the efficacy of the treatments applied. To further the application of nanoparticles in pharmacy, it is important that the systems are stable, capable of being functionalized, biocompatible and directed to specific target sites in the body after systemic administration. Nanotechnology is on its way to make a big impact in Pharmaceutical and Medical diagnostics sciences

HIPER/P/08

A Review on Recent Advancements In Nanotechnology Goel Kirti

Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Mullana, Ambala

ABSTRACT: Nano materials and devices play a major role in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, due to its immense potential that promises the possibility of significant changes in near term future Nanotechnology is getting importance rapidly as a most powerful technology in the field of pharmaceuticals and healthcare systems. Once the most essential machines -called the Universal Assembler and the Nanocomputer are built. The present review aims to cover the previous work done and recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology. Today the products made using nanomaterials having general as well as special applications like treating cancer, phosgene detection, energy harvesting for self powered nanosystems, chip fabrication, batteries, aerospace materials etc. The research in the area of carbon nanotubes, nano-polymers, nano-vectors, nanocomposites, nano-crystals, nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanoclays, nanotubes, nanofilters, nanohorn, nanowires, nanosprings, nanorods etc. have

been reported. Various risks involved in using nanotechnology are also discussed because it is believed that the most disruptive future changes may occur as a result of molecular manufacturing, an advanced form of nanotechnology.Novel nanostructures will helpful for use as artificial tissue engineering and also help to integrate nanodevices with the nervous system that will restore vision and hearing, and build artificial limbs through the implant of new tissue. Nanotechnology is applied in the pharmaceutical industry in such areas as nanomedicine, tissue engineering, nanorobots, biosensors, biomarkers, image enhancement devices and implant technology. Investigations are currently being carried out on, among others, liposomes, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, CNTs, quantum dots and nanofibres.

HIPER/P/09

NANO TECHNOLOGY BOON FOR MEDICAL SCIENCE