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MASCULINITY IN KIDNAPPED

In document Undergraduate Dissertation (página 20-26)

Over four-fifths of lump-sum distribution recipients who reinvested their proceeds rolled all or some of the assets into Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).

Fifty-nine percent rolled over the entire plan balance

into IRAs, 22 percent rolled over some of the balance into IRAs and spent the remainder, and 3 percent rolled over some of the balance into IRAs and reinvested the remainder outside IRAs (Figure 28). The remaining 16 percent bought investments outside IRAs, and more than half of these retirees reinvested their entire distri-butions. Retirees who rolled over all or some of the proceeds into IRAs typically received larger lump-sum distributions than those who reinvested proceeds outside IRAs (a median of $88,000 compared with

$32,600).

FIGURE 27

Financial Investments of Lump-sum Distribution Recipients, by Use of Proceeds

Use of Proceeds from Lump-sum Distribution Reinvested All Reinvested Some Proceeds, Spent All

Proceeds Spent Some Proceeds Proceeds2 Investments Owned at the Time of the Survey2, 3

(percent of respondents who received lump-sum distributions)

Bank deposits 83 72 62

Money market mutual funds 35 23 15

Individual bonds or bond mutual funds (including U.S. savings bonds) 48 33 18

Individual stocks or stock mutual funds (including employer stocks) 71 52 32

Balanced mutual funds 48 28a 10

Whole life insurance with an accumulated cash value 41 34 36

Fixed or variable annuities not from an employer-sponsored retirement plan 29 14 9

Real estate other than primary residence 26 30 45

Some other type of investment 13 17 15

Allocation of Investments Owned at the Time of the Survey2 (mean percent of household financial assets)

Bank deposits and money market funds 20 26 25

Individual bonds or bond mutual funds (including U.S. savings bonds)4 14 10 4

Individual stocks or stock mutual funds (including employer stocks)5 42 28 13

Whole life insurance with an accumulated cash value 7 9 19

Fixed or variable annuities not from an employer-sponsored retirement plan 7 5 1

Real estate other than primary residence 6 14a 30

Some other type of investment 4 8 8

1Small sample size

2Includes assets held in employer-sponsored retirement plans but excludes primary residence.

3Multiple responses included.

4Includes 40 percent of respondents’ balanced mutual fund holdings.

5Includes 60 percent of respondents’ balanced mutual fund holdings.

aResponses of recipients who reinvested and spent some of their lump-sum distributions are statistically different at the 95 percent confidence level from those who reinvested all proceeds.

fixed-income investments (bank deposits, money market funds, individual bonds, or bond mutual funds).

In contrast, those who reinvested lump sums outside IRAs, on average, allocated nearly 60 percent to fixed-income investments and about 20 percent to equities (Figure 29).

Reinvestment Patterns

The reinvestment patterns of retirees who rolled over all or some of their lump-sum distributions into IRAs were very different from those of retirees who reinvested lump-sums outside IRAs. Retirees who rolled over proceeds into IRAs, on average, allocated nearly half of the distribution to equities and about 40 percent to FIGURE 28

Reinvestment of Lump-sum Distributions in IRAs at Retirement

(percent of respondents who received lump-sum distributions and reinvested all or some of the proceeds)

Reinvested proceeds in IRAs 84

Reinvested all proceeds in IRAs 59

Reinvested some proceeds in IRAs, spent some 22

Reinvested some proceeds in IRAs and some outside IRAs 3

Reinvested proceeds, but not in IRAs 16

Reinvested entire amount outside IRAs 9

Reinvested some outside IRAs, spent some 7

Number of respondents 266

FIGURE 29

Allocation of Investments Purchased with Lump-sum Distributions (mean percent of reinvested proceeds)

All Lump-sum

Distribution Recipients Who Reinvested Proceeds

Reinvested Proceeds in IRAs1 Not in IRAs

Bank deposits and money market funds 22 19 42a

Individual bonds or bond mutual funds (including U.S. savings bonds)2 18 18 17

Individual stocks or stock mutual funds (including employer stocks)3 45 49 22a

Whole life insurance 1 1 1

Fixed or variable annuities 6 5 11

Real estate other than a primary residence 0 0 1

Other types of investments 8 8 6

Number of respondents 228 192 36

1Includes respondents who reinvested some proceeds in IRAs and some outside IRAs.

2Includes 40 percent of respondents’ balanced mutual fund holdings.

3Includes 60 percent of respondents’ balanced mutual fund holdings.

aResponses of recipients who reinvested lump-sum distribution proceeds in IRAs are statistically different from those who reinvested the proceeds but not in IRAs.

FIGURE 30

Characteristics of Lump-sum Distribution Recipients Who Reinvested Proceeds Reinvested Proceeds

in IRAs1 Not in IRAs

Median

Age at retirement 62 years 62 years

Household income2 $46,100 $37,600

Household financial assets2, 3 $332,800 $90,100

Size of lump-sum distribution from defined contribution plan $88,000 $32,600

Annual amount of defined benefit payments4 $10,200 $8,600

Years planning ahead financially 17 years 10 years

Percent

Male 64 68

Married or living with a partner 84 86

Currently employed full- or part-time 27 13

Have college or postgraduate degree 39 28

Currently receiving defined benefit plan proceeds 49 42

Self-assessed state of health:

Excellent/good 86 83

Fair/poor 14 17

At retirement willing to take:

Substantial or above-average risk for substantial or

above-average gain 43 37

Average risk for average gain 41 41

Below-average or no risk for below-average or no gain 16 23

Have spouse or partner who currently:5

Works full- or part-time 34 27

Contributes to defined contribution plan 14 8

Receives defined benefit plan payment 26 16

Is in fair or poor health 18 23

Type of plan from which DC proceeds came:

401(k) plan 83 65a

403(b), 457, TSP, or other type of plan 17 35

Mean percent of household income from:2

Social Security payments 32 35

Defined benefit plan payments 16 18

IRA withdrawals 13 4a

Salary from full- or part-time job 21 25

Other sources 18 18

Sources of advice regarding reinvestment of lump-sum distribution6

Professional financial adviser 78 55

Spouse or partner 42 60

1Includes respondents who reinvested some proceeds in IRAs and some outside IRAs.

2At the time of the survey.

3Includes assets held in employer-sponsored retirement plans but excludes primary residence.

4Of those currently receiving defined benefit plan proceeds in annuity payments.

5Of those married or living with a partner.

6Multiple responses included.

aResponses of recipients who reinvested lump-sum distribution proceeds in IRAs are statistically different from those who reinvested the proceeds but not in IRAs.

Note: Number of respondents varies.

planning horizon of recipients who rolled over proceeds into IRAs was typically seven years longer than that of recipients who reinvested proceeds outside IRAs. With respect to total household finan-cial assets, those who rolled over proceeds into IRAs typically owned a broader range of investments than those who did not use IRAs (Figure 31). More retirees who rolled over proceeds into IRAs consulted professional financial advisers for invest-ment advice than those who reinvested proceeds outside IRAs.

Characteristics of Lump-sum Distribution Recipients by Reinvestments into IRAs

The characteristics of retirees reinvesting lump-sum distributions into IRAs differed significantly from those not using IRAs. Retirees who rolled over all or some of the proceeds into IRAs had a median house-hold income of $46,100 and total househouse-hold financial assets of $332,800 (Figure 30). In contrast, the median household income of those who reinvested proceeds outside IRAs was $37,600, and the median total household financial assets was $90,100. The financial

FIGURE 31

Financial Investments of Lump-sum Distribution Recipients Who Reinvested Proceeds Reinvested Proceeds

in IRAs1 Not in IRAs

Investments Owned at the Time of the Survey2, 3

(percent of respondents who received lump-sum distributions and reinvested all or some of the proceeds)

Bank deposits 78 88

Money market mutual funds 35 12a

Individual bonds or bond mutual funds (including U.S. savings bonds) 46 35

Individual stocks or stock mutual funds (including employer stocks) 69 53

Hybrid mutual funds 45 26a

Whole life insurance with an accumulated cash value 37 57a

Fixed or variable annuities not from an employer-sponsored retirement plan 24 28

Real estate other than primary residence 28 23

Some other type of investment 15 7

Allocation of Investments at the Time of the Survey (mean percent of household financial assets)

Bank deposits and money market mutual funds 17 38a

Individual bonds or bond mutual funds (including U.S. savings bonds)4 14 8

Individual stocks or stock mutual funds (including employer stocks)5 43 20a

Whole life insurance with an accumulated cash value 6 15a

Fixed or variable annuities not from an employer-sponsored retirement plan 6 9

Real estate other than primary residence 8 9

Some other type of investment 6 1

1Includes respondents who reinvested some proceeds in IRAs and some outside IRAs.

2Includes assets held in employer-sponsored retirement plans but excludes primary residence.

3Multiple responses included.

4Includes 40 percent of respondents’ balanced mutual fund holdings.

5Includes 60 percent of respondents’ balanced mutual fund holdings.

aResponses of recipients who reinvested lump-sum distribution proceeds in IRAs are statistically different from those who reinvested the proceeds but not in IRAs.

Note: Number of respondents varies.

Appendix A

In document Undergraduate Dissertation (página 20-26)

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