D- RNAs (RNAs Defectivos)
6. Artículo 1
6.2 Materiales y Métodos
the People service-learning program. Pass/Fail. May be repeated once.
450. ARRUPE SCHOLARS: ADVOCACY & ACTION 3 cr. Prerequisites:
admission to Arrupe Scholars program and senior status. Draws its focus from students’ academic and co-curricular experiences. The goal is to “move the ball forward” in some way on the social justice issue in which they have gained expertise in the classroom.
Biology
Professors: C. H. Wideman, J. R. Johansen, J. L. Lissemore, C. A.
Sheil, C. D. Anthony, M. P. Martin, R. E. Drenovsky (Chair); Associate
Professors: E. E. Johnson, R. A. Saporito; Assistant Professors: P. J.
Vanderzalm, J. I. Watling; Postdoctoral Fellow: L. K. Tuominen
Major Programs
Biology encompasses the study of all organisms, and our curriculum provides students a solid foundation in: 1) cellular and molecular biology; 2) organismal biology; and 3) evolutionary biology, ecology, and biodiversity .
Through course work and mentored student research, faculty emphasize the importance of evolution in biological phenomena, the role of environment in biological interactions, and ethical behavior in scientific endeavors . These experiences: 1) promote strong critical thinking and analytical skills; 2) provide hands-on experience in biological techniques; and 3) stimulate creative scientific thought .
The academic programs in biology prepare students for graduate and professional school, as well as for careers in the public and private sectors . Mentoring through academic advising, research, and internships prepares our students for future scholarship in addition to social and civic involvement .
The Biology major is intended for students seeking careers that require a strong
background in biology and chemistry, including health professions (such as medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physician assistant, public health, and veterinary medicine), teaching, research, and other professions . This major also prepares students for graduate programs in biology and related disciplines such as organismal and evolutionary biology, ecology, developmental biology, physiology, and neuroscience .
The Environmental Science major is intended for students seeking careers
in environmental and ecological fields, including environmental consulting, government, parks and recreation, teaching, research, environmental law, and other areas requiring strength in environmental science . This major also prepares students for graduate programs in ecology and environmental science .
The Cell and Molecular Biology major is intended for students seeking careers
in medicine, biomedical research, biotechnology, pharmacy, healthcare, teaching, and other professions requiring a strong foundation in cellular and molecular processes . This major also prepares students for graduate study in fields such as cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, pharmacology, and biochemistry .
All three majors require specific courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and other subjects . Students should be aware that some post-baccalaureate degree programs require physics for admission and should discuss course options with their advisors before making course decisions .
Major Declaration: Students must achieve a minimum GPA of 2 .5 in BL 155-160
to be considered for formal acceptance into the Biology or Environmental Science majors, or a minimum GPA of 2 .5 in BL 155-158 and BL 213 for formal acceptance into the Cell and Molecular Biology major . Early acceptance to the Biology, Cell and Molecular Biology, and Environmental Science majors will be considered if a student has earned a GPA of 3 .0 in BL 155-158 .
Grade Policy for students in all biology majors:
1 . A grade of C- or higher must be earned in courses required for each major or minor . A grade lower than C- requires that the course be repeated . In the case of an elective course for a major or minor in which a grade below C- was earned, the student may petition to take an alternative course . Effective with the fall 2011 semester, this policy applies to all students in biology major and minor courses, whether they have declared or not yet declared a biology major or minor . Courses in which a grade lower than a C- was earned prior to fall 2011 do not have to be retaken .
2 . A cumulative GPA of at least 2 .0 must be earned in courses required for each major or minor .
3 . A cumulative GPA of at least 2 .0 must be earned in support courses required for each major . This policy applies to first-year and transfer students matriculating to John Carroll University in fall 2011 or later .
Program Learning Goals in Biology.
Students will:
1 . Demonstrate a broad knowledge of biology and develop competency in specific areas of interest .
A . Understand the basic chemical principles, cell structure and organization, and metabolism of living organisms .
B . Understand plant and animal anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on form and function .
C . Understand the diversity of organisms, systematic biology and phylogeny, and biological interactions over geological time .
D . Understand the principles of molecular, transmission, quantitative, evolutionary, and population genetics .
2 . Use an empirical approach to evaluate biological phenomena from primary literature .
3 . Communicate biological knowledge effectively .
Program Learning Goals in Environmental Science.
Students will:
1 . Demonstrate a broad knowledge of environmental science and develop competency in biology, chemistry, and earth science .
A . Understand the basic chemical principles, cell structure and organization, and metabolism of living organisms .
B . Understand plant and animal anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on form and function .
C . Understand the diversity of organisms, systemic biology and phylogeny, and biological interactions over geological time .
D . Understand the role of evolution in generating the diversity of form and function seen in life on Earth .
E . Understand the role of the environment in determining the outcome of biological interactions .
F . Identify the consequences of environmental changes arising from human activities .
2 . Use critical thinking to evaluate and interpret biological and environmental phenomena .
A . Critically assess and accurately interpret scientific data presented in visual or tabular form .
B . Identify the scientific underpinnings of current environmentally-themed news .
3 . Collect and analyze scientific data and communicate its importance through effective oral and written presentation .
A . Demonstrate competence in conducting original research . B . Present research results orally and in writing .
Program Learning Goals in Cell and Molecular Biology.
Students will:
1 . Demonstrate a broad knowledge of biology and develop competency in specific areas of interest .
A . Understand the basic chemical principles, cell structure and organization, and metabolism of living organisms .
B . Understand plant and animal anatomy and physiology, with an emphasis on form and function .
C . Understand the principles of molecular, transmission, quantitative, evolutionary, and population genetics .
D . Understand cell signaling, regulation of protein function, eukaryotic cell cycle control, and cancer .
E . Understand gene and genome analysis, genome organization, transposable elements, chromosome structure, replication, and expression of genetic information in eukaryotes .
2 . Use an empirical approach to evaluate biological phenomena .
3 . Analyze biological data and communicate its importance through effective oral and written presentation .
Major and Minor Requirements
Note: Students may earn a degree in only one of the majors listed here . Double and
triple majors in biology are not permitted . A maximum of 3 credits of BL 295, 398 and BL 399 combined will be accepted for any of the biology majors . To receive a Bachelor of Science in biology, transfer students must complete a minimum of 17 credit hours in the Department of Biology at John Carroll University . To receive a minor in biology, students must complete a minimum of 13 credit hours in the Department of Biology at John Carroll University .
Comprehensive Examination: Students in all biology majors are required
to pass the Major Field test (MFT) in Biology within 12 months prior to their anticipated graduation date .
Major in Biology: 34 credit hours of biology courses, including at least one 400-level
course (excluding BL 405 and 478), plus 25-27 credit hours of supporting courses in other departments . Courses are to be chosen with advisor approval and always include applicable laboratory corequisites . Students may count one of the following courses/ course sequences for Biology major credit: CH 431, CH 435-436, PS 326, or PS 426 . CH 431 and CH 435-436 will be accepted as four BL credits whereas PS 326 and PS 426 will be accepted as three BL
credits. None of these courses count as the 400-level biology requirement. Students should refer to the registration website to identify appropriate courses to complete the Core within the major (i.e., additional writing (AW), oral presentation (OP), and capstone courses).
Required Courses: BL 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 213; plus at least one course from each
of the following areas: A) cell-to-organism: BL 230 and 231, 302, 350, 360, 410, 420,
471, or 475; B) organism-to-biosphere: BL 222, 331, 370, 406, 417, 419, 423, 424,
426, 435, 440, 447, or 454.
Required Support Courses: CH 141-144 (or 151H, 153), CH 221-224, MT 135 (or MT 133-
134), DATA 228.
Minor in Biology: 21 credit hours of biology courses, including BL 155-160 and three
200-400 level courses. Students may count one of the following courses/course sequences for Biology minor credit: CH 431, CH 435-436, PS 326, or PS 426. CH 431 and CH 435-436 will be accepted as four BL credits whereas PS 326 and PS 426 will be accepted as three BL credits.
Strongly Recommended: CH 141-144, 221-224
Major in Cell and Molecular Biology: 34-37 credit hours of biology and biochemistry
courses, plus 28-33 credits of required support courses in other departments. Courses are to be chosen with advisor approval and always include applicable laboratory corequisites. Students should refer to the registration website to identify appropriate courses to complete the core within the major (i.e., additional writing (AW) and oral presentation (OP), and capstone courses.
Required Courses: BL 155, 156, 157, 158, 213, 459, 465, 470; CH 431 or 435, 437; plus
three courses from: BL 159 and 160, 215, 295 (3 cr.), 301, 302, 310, 399 (3 cr.), 410, 471, 475, CH 436.
Required Support Courses: CH 141-144 (or 151H, 153), CH 221-224; MT 135, DATA 228, PH
125-126.
Major in Environmental Science: 35-38 credit hours of biology courses, plus 23-28
credit hours of required support courses in other departments. Courses are to be chosen with advisor approval and always include applicable laboratory corequisites. Students should refer to the registration website to identify appropriate courses to complete the core within the major (i.e., additional writing (AW) and oral presentation (OP), and capstone courses.
Required Courses: BL 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 222, 224 or 435, 331, 424 or 447, 444;
plus two courses from BL 224, 295 (3 cr.), 399 (3 cr.), 406, 417, 419, 423, 424, 426, 435, 447, 454.
Required Support Courses: CH 141-144 (or 151H, 153); MT 135, DATA 228; PH 115, 115L,
206; plus one course from PO 361, 363, SC 292, 380.
BL 155-160 is the normal introductory sequence for biology and environmental science majors . If, for a reason acceptable to the department, BL 157, 158, and 160 are taken separately from BL 155, 156, and 159, the student is expected to take BL 155, 156, and 159 or their equivalents before taking the laboratory courses . Entering freshmen will receive advanced placement and/or advanced standing in accord with scores listed on pages 25-32 .
Pre-Health Professions
Many students with healthcare career goals such as medical school or dental school choose Biology or Cell and Molecular Biology as their undergraduate major . Students should check with their intended post-graduation programs to ensure that they are completing all necessary prerequisite courses, as these majors may not include all needed course work . The Office of Pre-Health Professions can help students identify and plan for additional course work .
John Carroll University has early acceptance programs and linkages with a variety of healthcare professional schools, including medical and dental schools . For additional information, please see the Pre-Health Professions section of this Bulletin or visit the Pre-Health Professions website www .jcu .edu/prehealth .
Pre-Veterinary Students
A minimum of eighty hours of work with a veterinarian is required by Ohio State University and most schools of veterinary medicine . Pre-vet students should contact the Pre-Health Professions director during their first year for assistance in planning and for information about specific requirements and application procedures .
Case Western Reserve University Graduate Entry Nursing Program
Biology majors interested in nursing as a career may choose to enter a cooperative program in pre-nursing/nursing and earn the Bachelor of Science from John Carroll University and the Master of Nursing from the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University . Students in this program normally attend John Carroll for three academic years and complete all University Core requirements and the following prerequisite courses: CH 141-144, CH 221-224, MT 135, DATA 228, BL 155-160, BL 213, BL 230/230L, BL 231/231L, BL 310/310L, EPA 229, PS 175, and one organism-to-biosphere course . Two upper-level electives in the first year at Case Western Reserve University complete the major requirements: NUMN 402 and NUMN 405 . After successful completion of one year of the
Graduate Entry Program at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, the student will be awarded the Bachelor of Science with a Biology major by John Carroll University . To be eligible for this program, students must complete at least 60 credit hours at John Carroll, have a minimum 3 .00 grade point average, apply in writing to the dean of the College of Arts and Sciences by the end of the first semester of the junior year, and be accepted by the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing in the
usual manner . Students planning to follow this course of study should contact the director of the Pre-Health Professions Program during the first semester of their sophomore year .
Ursuline College Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.) Program
Ursuline College and John Carroll University have an agreement whereby at least two seats per year in the Breen College of Nursing at Ursuline College’s Accelerated B .S .N . Program are designated for John Carroll University graduates . Students may apply to Ursuline College’s Admission Office (through the coordinator of B .S .N . Enrollment) as early as the beginning of their junior year at John Carroll University . Prior to beginning nursing courses, applicants must complete the following courses with a GPA of at least 3 .0: BL 155-158, 213, 230, 230L, 231, 231L, 310, 310L; CH 141- 144, 221, 223; DATA 122 (or MT 135 and DATA 228); PL 316; PS 101, 175; SC 101, and EPA 229 . In addition, applicants must have a GPA of at least 3 .0 in mathematics and science courses and must be in good standing at John Carroll . Applicants for the two allotted seats will be considered in the order in which applications are received . When the designated seats are filled, other applicants will be considered on a case- by-case basis . Admission is not guaranteed, and acceptance into the program is at the sole discretion of Ursuline College . For more information, contact the John Carroll Pre-Health Profession director or visit the website for the Breen College of Nursing at Ursuline College, http://www .ursuline .edu/donursing/ .
Biology Minors and Interdisciplinary Concentration
An optional minor in biology is available to students majoring in any subject outside of biology .
Biology majors may elect an interdisciplinary concentration or minor in areas such as neuroscience, professional healthcare preparation, or population and public health . It is strongly recommended that students interested in these
programs investigate them as early as possible in their academic careers . Interested students should refer to page 82 in this Bulletin for more information .
Teacher Licensure
Students planning on obtaining licensure to teach Adolescent/Young Adult (AYA) Life Science at the secondary school level should consider taking ED 100 as soon as possible and should contact the Department of Education and School Psychology by the end of their first year for guidance on requirements .
Additional Information
Many courses offered by the department include a laboratory and/or field-work component; these are listed as separate entries that immediately follow the entry for the corresponding lecture component of the course .
Graduate Studies in Biology
The Department of Biology at John Carroll University offers a program of studies leading to the degree of Master of Science or Master of Arts . Degree requirements and courses are described in the Graduate Studies Bulletin and on the department website, www .jcu .edu/biology .
Biology majors planning to continue studies leading to master’s or doctoral studies are urged to consult publications and websites relevant to the proposed area of study, including Peterson’s Guide to Graduate Study, Graduate Programs and
Admissions Manual of the Graduate Record Examination Board, and websites
of schools to which admission will be sought . Students should also consult their biology advisor for undergraduate program recommendations . In addition, they can seek assistance from the department chair and coordinator of graduate studies .
101. SPECIAL TOPICS IN BIOLOGY 3 cr. For non-science majors . Offered on
an irregular basis and based on a topic chosen by the instructor . Used primarily for designation of courses transferred from other universities .
102. SPECIAL TOPICS LECTURE IN BIOLOGY 4 cr. Corequisite: BL 102L .
For non-science majors . Offered on an irregular basis and based on a topic chosen by the instructor . Used primarily for designation of course transferred from other universities .
102L. SPECIAL TOPICS LABORATORY IN BIOLOGY 0 cr. Corequisite: BL
102 . Two hours of laboratory per week .
109. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY 4 cr. Corequisite: BL 109L . For non-science
majors . Three hours of lecture per week . Relationship between human activity and the natural environment; food production, water supplies, air and water pollution, nuclear and non-nuclear energy, hazardous and toxic materials in the environment, climate changes and world population growth . Economic implications of, and possible solutions to, these problems .
109L. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY LABORATORY 0 cr. Corequisite: BL
109 . Two hours of laboratory per week . Laboratory and field experiences intended to explore the scientific basis of environmental issues of the past, present, and future . Emphasizes a general understanding of the impact of human activity on the world and strategies for managing human activity for the good of the human population and the planet .
112. HUMAN BIOLOGY 4 cr. Corequisite: BL 112L . For non-science majors .
Three hours of lecture per week . Basic human anatomy, physiology, and reproduction .
112L. HUMAN BIOLOGY LABORATORY 0 cr. Corequisite: BL 112 . Two
hours of laboratory per week . Basic human anatomy, physiology, and reproduction using models, hands-on experimental techniques, and computer-based techniques .
115. HUMAN GENETICS AND RACE 4 cr. Corequisite: BL 115L . For non-
science majors . Three hours of lecture per week . Basic principles of genetics, both at the transmission and molecular levels . Introduction to principles of cell division, inheritance, and human pedigree analysis . DNA structure, chromosomal organization, gene structure, gene expression, genetic variation, population genetics, and race .
115L. HUMAN GENETICS AND RACE LAB 0 cr. Corequisite: BL 115 . Two
hours of laboratory per week . Basic principles of scientific method and inheritance, molecular genetics, and biotechnology . Field trips and other activities when appropriate to the topic .
135. THE SCIENCE OF ORIGINS 3 cr. Prerequisite: EN 125, QA; corequisite:
PL 398 . Emphasis on critical analysis, problem-solving, quantitative analysis, and written communication within the context of the science of origin as it relates to the universe, our solar system, Earth, and humans . Explains the scientific perspectives on these topics .
136. THE BIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE 3 cr. Prerequisite: EN 125, QA;
corequisite: EN 299C . Emphasis on critical analysis, problem-solving, quantitative analysis, and written communication within the context of the biological basis of language within the settings of normal and impaired language .
137. CLIMATE CHANGE 3 cr. Theory of anthropogenic climate change, evidence
for recent climate change, predictions for future change, political and ethical issues surrounding the implementation of policy to combat anthropogenic climate change .
140A. THE BIOLOGY OF EMOTION 3 cr. Prerequisite: EN 125, QA;
corequisite EN 299F . Emphasis on critical analysis, problem-solving, quantitative analysis, and written communication within the context of the biological basis of emotion .
140B. THE BIOLOGY OF SLEEP AND CONSCIOUSNESS 3 cr. Prerequisite:
EN 125, QA; corequisite: EN 299 . Examines normal consciousness and perception, alterations of consciousness and perception, and the physical state of sleep and dreams .
155, 156, 159. PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I-II-III 3-4 cr. each. For science
majors . 155 is prerequisite to 156 and 159 . Three hours of lecture per week . 155: basic chemical principles; cell structure and organization; metabolism of plants and animals . 156: plant and animal anatomy and physiology . 159: biodiversity and evolutionary relationships among living organisms . Chair permission required for 4-credit BL 155, which includes supplemental readings on current and past events in biology, medicine, and medical ethics .
157, 158, 160. PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY LABORATORY I-II-III 1 cr.